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Results for “Sexual Development”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Studies on sexual development, sexual behavior and ability to experience sex of young women with Ullrich-Turner syndrome].

In this investigation 25 female patients were included with the Turner syndrome (TS). From the 25 patients 6 had spontaneous menstruations, 19 had menstruations only after a hormonal stimulation. In a semi-structured interview the patients were questioned about their sexual activities, behavior and orgastic capacity. The findings were related to a matched normal female population. Moreover an analysis of personality traits by means of the Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar [FPI], the Giessen Test [GT], and a questionnaire on education styles of parents [EMBU] has been undertaken. The endocrine profile of the patients with induced menarche showed an elevated value of LH and FSH in serum, and a low level of estradiol. The sexual development of all patients was normal during the prepubertal phase. However the biological puberty was delayed by three years in the study patients, in relation to a normal population. Each of these women had a normal female identity and was heterosexual oriented. In concordance with the literature, patients who were substituted too late, showed defined deficits in their psychic well being, as well as in their social and psychosexual functioning. These deficits only were significant in relation to delayed menarche, but not to chronological age, gynecological age, karyotype, body height or parental education style. Therefore, an early and adequately dosed hormonal intervention and a consequently and regularly performed substitution therapy with sexual steroids has to be undertaken beside the well known intervention with growth hormone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Sexual development -- sexual advice -- sexual education -- Paedagogico-psychological aspects in gynaecological practice (author's transl)].

Sexuality of man is conceived as a psycho-physical phenomenon, and in gynaecological practice particular attention must be given to psychogenic components, whenever it comes to disorders of sexual organs and functions. It is also desirable and necessary to attend to patients not only in terms of medical findings and their communication. They also should be offered advice and recommendations. Fears and anxiety should be taken from them regarding their own sexual behaviour and experience and partnership relations. Findings obtained from empirical studies into sexual development together with results of an analysis of expectations and attitudes of gynaecological patients. -- Recommendations are given on how to brief patients, with particular reference being made to group briefing. -- Conclusions are suggested for training and upgrading of gynaecologists under the auspices of the Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Female "tweens" and sexual development.

Sexual development as a component of interpersonal relationships is essential to healthy personality development. Nurses, as health professionals who advise and counsel "tweens" (early adolescent females) in a variety of settings, have important roles to play in promoting their healthy sexual development. To date, empirical documentation has contributed to health professionals' ability to describe factors that influence early sexual debuts, but it has contributed minimally to their understanding of the processes of sexual development. The purposes of this article are (a) to generate thoughtful discussions about the sexual development of early adolescent females and (b) to discuss how societal constructions of female sexual development and identity create particular challenges for open communication about sexual expression.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Zygote giant cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum: biochemical markers of specific stages of sexual development.

Sexual development in Dictyostelium discoideum has many unique features making it an attractive eukaryotic model system for the study of biomembrane fusion and intercellular communication. The work presented here provides primary biochemical evidence for two distinct phases during early sexual development that appear to be defined by calcium-dependent gamete cell fusion. In addition, we introduce a novel procedure for the enrichment of zygote giant cells and use this method to define certain wheat-germ agglutinin binding glycoproteins which are specifically located in zygote giant cells and others which are markers for surrounding amoebae in the second phase of development. In addition, a G protein which is present in high amounts early in development is unique to giant cells in the second phase, suggesting a role in phagocytosis. Finally, alkaline phosphatase activity was found to mark the first phase of sexual development, suggesting a role in cell fusion. This contrasts with the patterns of alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucosidase activity that increase late in the second developmental phase, where they likely function in endocyte digestion during the cytophagic period. The developmental significance of these findings is discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

The clp1 gene of the mushroom Coprinus cinereus is essential for A-regulated sexual development.

Sexual development in the mushroom Coprinus cinereus is under the control of the A and B mating-type loci, both of which must be different for a compatible, dikaryotic mycelium to form between two parents. The A genes, encoding proteins with homeodomain motifs, regulate conjugate division of the two nuclei from each mating partner and promote the formation of clamp connections. The latter are hyphal configurations required for the maintenance of the nuclear status in the dikaryotic phase of basidiomycetes. The B genes encode pheromones and pheromone receptors. They regulate the cellular fusions that complete clamp connections during growth, as well as the nuclear migration required for dikaryosis. The AmutBmut strain (326) of C. cinereus, in which both A- and B-regulated pathways are constitutively activated by mutations, produces, without mating, dikaryon-like, fertile hyphae with clamp connections. In this study we isolated and characterized clampless1-1 (clp1-1), a mutation that blocks clamp formation, an essential step in A-regulated sexual development, in the AmutBmut background. A genomic DNA fragment that rescues the clp1-1 mutation was identified by transformations. Sequencing of the genomic DNA, together with RACE experiments, identified an ORF interrupted by one intron, encoding a novel protein of 365 amino acids. The clp1-1 mutant allele carries a deletion of four nucleotides, which is predicted to cause elimination of codon 128 and frameshifts thereafter. The clp1 transcript was normally detected only in the presence of the A protein heterodimer formed when homokaryons with compatible A genes were mated. Forced expression of clp1 by promoter replacements induced clamp development without the need for a compatible A gene combination. These results indicate that expression of clp1 is necessary and sufficient for induction of the A-regulated pathway that leads to clamp development.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

[Problems and results of an investigation about sexual development and sexual education of blind people (author's transl)].

The article underlines the necessity of preparing young blind people for partnership relations, married life and family life. It report on an investigation into the problems of psycho-sexual development and education of blind people. Unlike the psycho-sexual development, which proceeds similary to that of people who can see, the sexual development is somewhat delayed. The article presents the results of the investigation and analyses the questioning of blind people, their parents and teachers. It offers advice on the sexual education of young blind people.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delayed sexual development.

Sexual maturation can occur at an early age, at the expected or average time, or late. In adolescents who mature late, osseous development may be delayed. A variety of causes for delayed growth and sexual development should be evaluated. Constitutional delay is a nonpathogenic variation within normal growth parameters. The Tanner criteria should be used in assessing sexual maturation and bone age evaluation for skeletal growth. These criteria are based on the fact that sexual growth follows predictable patterns. Children need reassurance about their developmental growth, and subsequent growth should be monitored carefully.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The marsupial male: a role model for sexual development.

Sexual differentiation in male marsupials has many similarities with that of eutherians. Marsupials have an XX-XY sex determining mechanism, and have a homologue of the testis-determining SRY gene on their Y-chromosome. However, the development pattern of SRY gene expression is different from the mouse in that it is expressed for a much longer period. SRY is expressed in a range of non-gonadal tissues in male pouch young and adults which is similar to the human pattern, and raises questions as to its particular role(s) in sexual differentiation. Similarly Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is produced in the developing testis over a longer period than in the mouse. Since ovaries cultured with MIS or transplanted into male recipient pouch young develop tubular structures, MIS may induce Sertoli cell formation. Testosterone is produced by the neonatal testis, and this stimulates Wolffian duct development to form the vas deferens and epididymis. Virilization of urogenital sinus is also androgen-dependent. However, virilization of the prostate and phallus occurs more than three weeks after the onset of testosterone production, suggesting that the timing of this may be regulated by delayed activation of the androgen receptor pathway. Unlike in eutherians, differentiation of the scrotum and mammary glands is not dependent on testicular hormones, but is independently regulated by an X-linked genetic mechanism. Clearly marsupials provide a unique perspective to help us clarify the mechanisms underlying sexual development in all mammals.

Androgens↗
PubMed1981

[Notes on sexual development and sexual behaviour of sterile marriage partners (author's transl)].

Criteria which are essential for sexual development were examined on the basis of interviews conducted with 57 married couples who had remained without children without wanting to be childless, the reasons for their sterility being different in each case. It appears that both the experience of the first cohabitation and of the first orgasm, as well as the number of sexual partners before marriage are in some way connected with subsequent infertility. We also attempted to examine marital sexual relations in a kind of stock-taking operation. The cumulative occurrence of disturbances of intimate life was confirmed by this study, especially the reduced sexual satisfaction which depends on the cause of sterility. It also appears that changes in libido and feeling are influence by fertility; however, relative increases in such changes seem to indicate psychosexual disturbances of maturity in some of the partners, from which it would be possible to derive causal connections with infertility and therapeutic approaches.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Sexual development and sexual education of seriously mental retarded (imbeciles) (author's transl)].

The article refers to the necessity of preparing the young generation for partnership relations, married life and family life. It presents the results of an investigation into the sexual-psychological and sexual-pedagogical problems of the seriously mental retarded. The results were obtained by questioning imbeciles, their parents and teachers. Sexuality and sexual behaviour are present in this group of handicapped. The analysis revealed that sexual knowledge and ideas are insufficient. This underlines the necessity of improving sexual-pedagogical instruction. A programme for this purpose has been drafted and is presented.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Hormonal principles in normal and pathologic somatic sexual development].

Normal sexual development is the consequence of three sequential interrelated processes: establishment of genetic, gonadal and somatic sex. It is the terminal phase of sexual differentiation--the translation of gonadal into somatic sex, which is governed by the presence or absence of both testosterone and Müllerian-inhibiting hormone and of dihydrotestosterone, which is formed in its respective target tissues. Thus, despite a testis, somatic male sexual differentiation will proceed to a normal male phenotype only if all three hormones are synthesized and act during a critical period of uterine development. Many clinically distinct syndromes are the results of abnormalities in the synthesis or action of the above-mentioned hormones; these syndromes are described in detail. In contrast to male somatic differentiation, female somatic development is independent of these hormones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

In ovo exposure to o,p -DDE affects sexual development but not sexual differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Despite being banned in many countries, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) continue to be found in fish tissues at concentrations of concern. Like o,p -DDT, o,p -DDE is estrogenic and is believed to exert its effects through binding to the estrogen receptor. The limited toxicologic data for o,p -DDE suggest that it decreases fecundity and fertility of fishes. We conducted an egg injection study using the d-rR strain of medaka and environmentally relevant concentrations of o,p -DDE to examine its effects on sexual differentiation and development. The gonads of exposed fish showed no evidence of sex reversal or intersex. However, other gonad abnormalities occurred in exposed individuals. Females exhibited few vitellogenic oocytes and increased atresia. Male testes appeared morphologically normal but were very small. Gonadosomatic index values for both sexes were lower for exposed fish. Our observations of abnormal female and very small male gonads after in ovo o,p -DDE exposure may be indicative of effects on early endocrine processes important for normal ovarian and testicular development.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Mother and adolescent knowledge of sexual development: the effects of gender, age, and sexual experience.

As part of a larger study on the impact of personal and family characteristics on adolescents' HIV risk and risk-reduction behavior, 90 adolescents and 73 mothers were asked to define in their own words seven terms related to sexual development: ejaculation, hormones, menstruation, ovulation, puberty, semen, and wet dreams. Mother and adolescent knowledge of sexual development terms and the effects of age and sexual experience on that knowledge were examined. Results suggest that the mothers were not able to adequately define the sexual development terms and thus may be ill-prepared to teach their children about sex or reinforce information they learn in school. Since adolescent knowledge did not significantly increase with age and sexual experience, the researchers suggest that continuing sex education about normal sexual development is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Expression of Plasmodium falciparum trimeric G proteins and their involvement in switching to sexual development.

Both cholera and pertussis toxins were used to label and study the expression of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits in Plasmodium falciparum extracts. Expression of these proteins is developmentally regulated throughout the erythrocytic cycle with peak expression during early asexual development and in mature sexual stages. Treatment of P. falciparum cultures with cholera toxin causes an increase in conversion to sexual development, and at the same concentration has a marginal inhibitory effect on asexual growth and division. Through precise synchronisation of the parasites' asexual cell cycle, we have defined the period of sensitivity to this induction at around the time of invasion, one cycle before the development of the sexual form. Fluorescent microscopy confirmed that access of the toxin to the parasite is limited to the invasive form - the free merozoite, while further labelling studies revealed expression of a single G protein alpha subunit in these stages. These observations are consistent with the view that a G protein-dependent signal transduction pathway is involved in coupling the parasite's environment to commitment to sexual development (gametocytogenesis). This means of artificially stimulating the pathways leading to sexual development can now be used to biochemically follow the activation of the signalling pathways involved.

Animals↗