Convergence of human age-sex distributions to an equilibrium-state age-sex distribution.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Age Factors↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Sex Distribution”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study of frequency, sex distribution and relation to hypertension.
We studied 112 type 2 diabetic patients. Fourteen patients had frank proteinuria, and 37 of the remaining 98 had microalbuminuria which was more frequent in men than in women (P < 0.02). Hypertension was found in 47 of the patients, equally distributed between sexes. Male diabetics with microalbuminuria had higher systolic blood pressure than diabetics without microalbuminuria (P < 0.02). Body mass index was higher in both sexes with hypertension compared to patients without hypertension. In the hypertensive men plasma C-peptide values were higher compared to patients without hypertension (P < 0.01) irrespective of the presence of microalbuminuria. A positive correlation between blood pressure and C-peptide was found (P < 0.01) in the men. We suggest that gender should be taken into account in the analysis and interpretation of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.
Adult↗
Changing patterns of sex distribution in familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and associated phaeochromocytoma.
Analysis of 49 kindreds with the familial form of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) reported up to 1973 revealed a non-random sex distribution of 220 affected members, with a predominance of females among patients presenting with MTC and of males among patients presenting only with phaeochromocytoma. This pattern of sex distribution has completely disappeared among 201 patients from 47 kindreds reported in more recent years, MTC now being equally distributed between the two sexes. It is suggested that this change is related to the different diagnostic approach predominant in each period of time and that MTCs discovered at a preclinical stage by calcitonin screening are equally distributed between the sexes, while females predominate when tumours have progressed until they are clinically evident.
Adult↗
[The sex distribution of congenital cardiopathies].
For 17 years, 4150 infants and children under 13 years of age with final diagnosis of well defined congenital heart disease were studied and the pattern of sex differences are reported. In general, the sex distribution was equal: 2108 males (50.8%) and 2042 females (49.2%) with a male to female ratio of 1.03. Male sex predominance was marked for the following specific lesions: aortic stenosis (valvar and subvalvular) (70%), coarctation of the aorta (66%), transposition of the great arteries (60%), univentricular heart (76%), tricuspid atresia (63%), Ebstein anomaly (76%), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (85%), vascular rings (77%) and right midventricular stenosis (70%). Female sex predominance was marked for the following specific lesions: Persistent ductus arteriosus (72%), atrioventricular septal defects (62%) supravalvular aortic stenosis (71%) and isolated infundibular pulmonic stenosis (80%). A more balanced sex distribution was confirmed for cases of congenital rubella syndrome with persistent ductus arteriosus as isolated cardiovascular malformation (56%). The Importance to establish the sex dominance is emphasized as predictive of recurrence risk of congenital heart disease.
Adolescent↗
Age and sex distribution of some retinal macular diseases: senile and presenile macular degeneration and central serous retinitis.
The age and sex distribution of senile macular degeneration (SMD) was investigated at the Low Vision Clinic in Stockholm. SMD increased with age and was found to be more common among women than men. This difference was not due to the fact that women live longer than men or related to women consulting ophthalmologists more often than men because of visual handicap. The age and sex distribution of presenile macular degeneration ( PSMD ) and central serous retinitis (CSR) was investigated at the Department of Ophthalmology of Falun Hospital. Also PSMD increased with age and was found to be more common among women than men, even if the sex difference was not as clear as for SMD. CSR was found to be more frequent at younger ages and, contrary to SMD and PSMD , more common among men. The reasons for these sex differences in frequencies of SMD, PSMD and CSR are not known.
Adult↗
Frequency, location, and age and sex distribution of various types of gastric polyp.
Data on the frequency and location of the various types of gastric polyps are highly inconsistent. In a retrospective analysis of 5515 gastric polyps obtained from 4852 patients in the period between 1969 and 1989, including reexamination of 197 surgical, 1572 polypectomy, and 3746 biopsy specimens, the most frequent types found were Elster's glandular cysts (fundic gland polyps) (47.0%), followed by hyperplasiogenous polyp (28.3%), tubular adenoma (9.0%), adenocarcinoma (7.2%), inflammatory fibroid polyp (3.1%), carcinoid tumor (1.7%), Brunner's gland heterotopia (1.2%), and tubulopapillary adenoma (1.0%). Peutz-Jeghers polyps, juvenile polyps, and pancreatic heterotopia were found in younger patients (mean ages: 33.39 and 45 years, respectively), whereas the age of most patients (66%) with glandular cysts was between 40 and 69 years. Patients with any of the other types of gastric polyps were mostly (55-100%) over 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Glandular cysts, hyperplasiogenous polyps, inflammatory fibroid polyps, and carcinoid tumors were significantly more common in women, while all the other polyps were more or less equally distributed between the sexes. Glandular cysts and carcinoid tumors were relatively small (mean diameter 8 mm), and were mostly located in the corpus (100% and 83%, respectively). Medium-sized pancreatic heterotopias, Brunner's gland heterotopias, and inflammatory fibroid polyps (mean sizes 7-10 mm) were usually located in the antrum (100%, 81%, 80%, respectively), while the other polyps had an average size of between 10 and 16 mm and were distributed equally throughout the stomach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Age and sex distribution of biliary lithiasis].
The authors analyze the age and sex distribution of cholelithiasis in 388 patients. Cholelithiasis in those patients is diagnosed by X-ray method and in 24 of them -- was verified at operation. The incidence of cholelithiasis patients increases with age advancing. The percentage of patients with cholithiasis in the age group from 21 to 30 is 8,2 per cent, to reach 24,7 per cent among the patients from the age group 61 to 70. After that age the incidence of cholelithiasis decreases and among patients over 80 - the percentage is 0,5 per cent. Females are more frequently affected than males. From all the patients examined 77,9 per cent are females and 22,1 per cent are males; the ratio is about 4:1. Younger females suffer more after than the young males and the ration ranges about 15:1.
Adolescent↗
Typus melancholicus measured by a questionnaire in unipolar depressive patients: age- and sex-distribution, and relationship to clinical characteristics of depression.
We investigated the age- and sex-distribution of Typus melancholicus (TM) score by Kasahara's scale and the relationship of that score to various clinical characteristics in 110 unipolar depressive outpatients. The following results were obtained: The TM score in depressives is always constant regardless of age or sex, and has no relationship to clinical characteristics such as age, onset age, severity of depression, previous episodes, stress of life events, existence of melancholia, and the 4-month outcome. Patients with a higher TM score had no history of previous hypomanic episodes, while patients with a lower TM score had a significantly lower prevalence of early parental loss compared to those with moderate and higher TM scores. No difference in the prevalence of depressive family history was found between patients with different TM scores.
Adult↗
Sex Distributions in the Most Frequent Autosomal Genetic Causes of Retinitis Pigmentosa.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore whether sex imbalances are detectable in the most frequent genetic causes of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: Databases from centers in three countries (Moorfields Eye Hospital, London; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; and Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry, Perth, Australia) were searched, quantifying numbers of male and female patients with disease attributed to variants in the six most frequently involved autosomal RP genes. Proportions of female patients (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated for each gene. Two-tailed binomial testing was performed (Bonferroni corrected threshold, P = 0.008) to investigate whether proportions differed significantly from an underlying male:female ratio of 1:1. For genes where the 95% CI did not include 50%, sex distributions were also explored in previously published cohorts. RESULTS: Our search yielded 1454 patients with disease attributable to variants in USH2A (n = 550), RP1 (n = 277), RHO (n = 246), PRPF31 (n = 158), EYS (n = 124), and MYO7A (n = 99). Proportions of female patients (95% CI) for each gene were 46.2% (42.0-50.5%), 49.5% (43.4-55.5%), 55.3% (48.8-61.6%), 63.9% (55.9-71.3%), 39.5% (31.0-48.7%), and 42.4% (32.7-52.8%), respectively. The 95% CI did not include 50% for PRPF31 and EYS; binomial testing revealed P values of 6.24 × 10-4 and 0.025, respectively. Combining with data extracted from previously published cohorts yielded P values of 1.62 × 10-6 and 0.0084, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a significant preponderance of female patients for PRPF31-associated RP and a preponderance of male patients in those with EYS-associated RP. Our findings suggest that sex is likely to be a modifier affecting penetrance in PRPF31-associated disease and might act in the opposite direction in disease associated with EYS.
Humans↗
Sex distribution of DSM-III personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients.
The author determined the sex distribution of 170 outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of personality disorder measured by standardized instruments and compared his findings with DSM-III predictions. They confirmed the prediction of more women diagnosed as having histrionic personality disorder and more men diagnosed as having paranoid, compulsive, and antisocial personality disorders. The predicted excess of women diagnosed as having borderline and dependent personality disorders was not confirmed.
Ambulatory Care↗
[Age and sex distribution of sexually transmitted diseases in Valladolid. A study of 5076 cases].
The age and sex distribution of 5,076 cases of S.T.D. dealt with between 1982 and 1988 at the Dermatological Dispensary of the Territorial Social Welfare Service in Valladolid are studied. The maximum frequency of S.T.D. (24.1% of cases) corresponded to the age group between 21 and 25 years, which was also the period for maximum prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (26.3%), Gardnerella vaginalis (30.7%), Candida albicans (27.4%) and acuminata condyloma (33.4%). Syphilis (19.9%), Chlamydia trachomatis (27%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (24.6%), Mycoplasma hominis (25.0%), Trichomonas vaginalis (23.0%) and genital herpes had maximum prevalence in the group between 26 and 30 years. Women were affected at younger ages than males. 16.9% of women with some S.T.D. were between 16 and 20 years of age, while only 6.5% of males with S.T.D. were in this age-group (p less than 0.001).
Adolescent↗
[Frequency and age and sex distribution of acute natural deaths in the autopsied cases of the district of Leipzig].
The age and sex distribution of acute natural deaths autopsied in 1980 in the district of Leipzig was investigated. Nearly 20% of the autopsied cases died under the circumstances of an acute death. It is assumed that 12-15% of all deaths are acute. Males predominate in the age group between 20-60 years. The part of acute natural death is especially high in the age group up to 49 years.
Adolescent↗
Age and sex distribution of intestinal type and diffuse gastric carcinoma.
A twelve-year series of 375 patients with gastric carcinoma has been studied. Primary tumours were classified as intestinal type (58%) or diffuse (26%), whereas 16% were unclassifiable. The relative age and sex incidence rates of intestinal type and diffuse gastric carcinoma were estimated using the age and sex distribution of individuals in Norway as the basis for calculation. There was no difference in the rates of diffuse gastric carcinoma between the sexes. On the other hand, the rate of men with intestinal type carcinoma was more than twice as high as that of women. This difference was consistent within each age group from adolescence to senescence. The findings indicate that Laurén's two types of gastric carcinoma are aetiologically different. The rates of both types increased with age up to the 70-79 age group, whereas the rates in octogenarians tended to be lower than in septuagenarians. A comparison of our data with the data of incidence of gastric cancer in Norway indicates that some of the older patients do not come for surgery.
Adult↗
Visual impairment in Nordic children. IV. Sex distribution.
A Nordic study group of ophthalmologists, NORDSYN, has compiled registers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway of 2527 visually impaired children aged 0-17 years. This paper is concerned with the sex-distribution in the registers and has documented a statistically significant excess of males in two of the registers (Denmark and Finland). The dominance of males seems to be related to two main conditions: 1. Genetic factors. 2. Perinatal factors. The genetic factors are mainly concerned with X-linked inheritance. The fact that perinatal influences involve visual impairment in males more than in females is difficult to account for. It may be conjectured, that the basis for perinatal visual damage is determined by unknown prenatal, possibly genetic, factors.
Adolescent↗
Sex distribution of adult idiopathic detrusor instability in relation to childhood bedwetting.
The urodynamic case records of 1000 consecutive men and women were reviewed to study the link between idiopathic detrusor instability (DI) and childhood nocturnal enuresis and to determine whether a sex difference in this relationship may exist. Idiopathic DI was found in 10% of the men, 63% of whom had suffered from childhood bedwetting; 29% of the women had idiopathic instability, of whom 38% had been nocturnal enuretics. Thus the link between adult idiopathic DI and childhood bedwetting appeared to be stronger for men than for women. The sex distribution of subjects is not always reported in urodynamic studies of bedwetters and adults with an unstable bladder. We suggest that this should become routine practice as it may help to shed light on the aetiology of idiopathic detrusor instability.
Adolescent↗
[Statistical investigations of nosological parameters (sex distribution, diagnosis, age of onset) in 120 pairs of endogenous psychotic parent-child and sibling relationships (author's transl)].
120 pairs of parent-child and sibling relationships with endogenous psychoses--registered through 60 schizophrenic and manic-depressive probands each--are statistically investigated with regard to the nosologically and biologically relevant parameters of sex distribution, diagnosis and age of onset.
Adolescent↗
Age and sex distribution of tooth mortality among Nigerians.
The second part of a study of tooth mortality among Nigerians is reported. In an earlier report (Odusanya, 1985), five major causes of tooth loss were identified. Periodontal disease and dental caries accounted for 90% of all losses. The present report however, focussed on the age and sex distribution of tooth mortality. It was discovered that tooth mortality in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life was the highest. Within this short interval, 46.7% of the entire tooth loss recorded in this study took place. Of this percentage, dental caries accounted for 34%. The results of this study suggest an impending dental disease epidemic in Nigeria which can be avoided if early attention is paid to the prevention of an imminent dental caries explosion. Maximum benefit is likely to be derived from paying particular attention to the population below the 2nd decade of life. During the 4th decade of life the incidences of dental caries and periodontal disease were approximately equal. After the 4th decade however, periodontal disease was the primary aetiologic factor for tooth mortality among Nigerians. The average tooth loss per patient was 1.48 for males and 1.53 for females.
Adolescent↗
Defects of the central nervous system in Finland: I. Variations in time and space, sex distribution, and parental age.
Data from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations for the years 1965-73 were used in a search for associations between environmental influences and defects of the central nervous system (CNS). The material consisted of 710 cases of CNS defects and their matched-pair controls. Moreover, and 'internal' control group of 259 cases of polydactyly and their matched-pair controls were used. The first report gives information on variations in time and space, sex distribution, and parental age. A higher incidence of anencephaly was noted in the eastern part of the country, but no significant secular or seasonal variations were found. The sex ratio (M/F) was lower than expected in the groups of anencephaly and CNS defects as a whole. High parental age turned out to be a risk factor in the group of all CNS defects, mainly owing to the subgroup of hydrocephaly. The dangers of observational studies due to confounding factors are discussed.
Adult↗