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Results for “Sex Determination Analysis”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Determination of prenatal sex ratio in man.

The sex of a conceptus at the early embryonic state was diagnosed in 1000 induced abortions. Specimens were obtained from women who terminated their pregnancies within 12 menstrual weeks on socio-economic indications. By making use of the triple checking procedures, such as the karyotypic analysis of Giemsa-stained slides, the fluorescent Y chromosome analysis and the Y-body test in interphase nuclei, the sex ratio was determined as 106.6 (516 males/484 females). The sex distribution in the chromosomally normal embryos was 481 in males to 448 in females; that gave the ratio of 107.4. A slight excess of males was already present at his stage of pregnancy. When the ratios were calculated in relation to the maternal age, the lower sex ratio was noted for embryos born to mothers over 30 years. Taking a Y-bearing embryo as male, the ratio in 71 chromosomally aberrant embryos was 97.2 (35 males/36 females). The sex ratio in the cases of chromosome abnormalities was not statistically different from that of thenormal embryos.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1975

Sexual differentiation in the innominate bone studied by multivariate analysis.

A series of 60 innominate bones of known age and sex were measured producing 17 absolute measurements from which 7 indices were created. These bones were used in forming reference groups to develop a computer-applied discriminant function for sexual allocation. One set of data was discarded because the sexual attribution of the bone was found to be inadequate. From the remaining 59 bones 58 were sexed correctly when the discrininant function was applied to them retrospectively; 54 were sexed correctly with a probability exceeding 0.95. It is likely, however, that the accuracy achieved here would not be reached by applying information from this reference group to new material.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Influence of fetal sex on the concentration of amniotic fluid testosterone: antenatal sex determination?

Amniotic fluid testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay in 226 samples taken between the 12th week of pregnancy and birth. The effect of fetal sex on the level of this androgen was determined and the usefulness of the parameter for predicting fetal sex assessed. Testosterone was measured using an antibody raised in rabbits against testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-BSA. The antiserum cross-reacted strongly with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone so that the values reported were refered to as measuring "immunoreactive testosterone" levels. Male fetal values were highest between the 12th and 15th week of pregnancy reaching a maximum mean of 501 +/- 185 pg/ml gradually falling during the remainder of pregnancy to 281 +/- 74 pg/ml, the difference in values between the first half and the end of pregnancy being highly significant (p less than 0.0005). Female fetal values did not vary significantly during the course of gestation, the minimum mean value being 179 +/- 50 and maximum 253 +/- 98 pg/ml. The fetal amniotic fluid sex difference was highly significant during the first half of pregnancy (p less than 0.0005) and at 12-15 weeks a successful prediction of fetal sex was possible, using testosterone, in 39 out of 41 cases. At birth on the other hand there was no difference between male and female fetal fluid levels. The method can also be used to detect disturbances of intrauterine sexual development as exemplified by the case of a Klinefelter syndrome where female testosterone values were found at the time of sexual differentiation. Thus the measurement of unconjugated testosterone in amniotic fluid would seem to offer not only an addition to chromosomal analysis for prediction of fetal gender but also be a valuable tool for detection of disturbances of intrauterine sexual development i.e. when genetic sex and sex-specific hormone production are discrepant.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Determination of sex by discriminant function analysis of postcranial skeletal measurements.

Thieme and Schull [16] took measurements of seven postcranial traits from black skeletons of known sex to devise a method for accurately sexing human remains. With a linear discriminant function analysis of the data they obtained a 98.5% accuracy. The research reported here was designed to assess the accuracy of their method in the hands of other investigators using a sample of the same black population and its applicability to other populations of the same and different races. None of the samples used in this study were sexed with the same rate of accuracy either achieved or predicted by Thieme and Schull. However, two samples did reach 91% or better. Such results suggest that the methods employed have considerable value if used with appropriate precautions. Our multiple discriminant function analysis strongly indicates that neither side nor observer techniques affected the results. Sex accounts for a predominant fraction of the total variation among samples and race accounts for most of that remaining.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1978

Sex discriminatory effectiveness using combinations of root lengths and crown diameters.

Using optical-scanner (OPTOCOM) and radiogrammetric measurements on mandibular permanent teeth, root length alone affords sex-discriminatory effectiveness equal to or exceeding conventional crown diameters. Combinations of root length and crown dimensions yield up to 80% accuracy in sexing with as few as two teeth, and discriminatory effectiveness of 87% with mandibular teeth alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Sex reversal in Betta splendens Regan with emphasis on the problem of sex determination.

To gain insight into the sex-determining mechanism of the Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, sex-reversed individuals were bred and the ratios of the spawnings were examined. Sex-reversal of 245 females was undertaken by ovariectomizing them; of these, 104 became sex-reversed. Twenty-three of these latter fish were mated to normal females and eleven spawnings were raised to maturity. These spawnings resulted in all female broods or mixed broods. Were the male fish heterogametic, a view currently held by some authors, no males would be produced in these spawnings. Thus, male heterogamety was not substaintiated in this study. Contrary to other studies, the experimental sex reversal of females is not a rare event since nearly two-thirds of the fish that survived the surgery became sex-reversed. Gross dissection and histological observation of sex-reversed fish revealed a regenerated, unpaired duct which remained after the ovaries had been removed. The tissue of the regenerate was testicular and contained active spermatogenesis. Some alterative methods of sex determination which may apply to the Betta are examined. These include the possibility of two different sex-determining races, the effects of exogenous factors, and a polygenic system of sex determination.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Differentiation and development of the male.

Male differentiation and development takes place against a tendency towards neutral or feminine differentiation. At each step of development male differentiation results from a suspension of a basic female development and the imposition of male features for which a normal functioning testis is necessary. Once the testis has differentiated early in gestation the establishment and maintenance of normal testicular function will condition male sexual differentiation and maturation. Nature likes to express herself in a rhythmic fashion (circhoral, ultradian, circadian, menstrual, long-term rhythms). To epitomise testicular function throughout development we would propose the term 'ontogenic rhythms' to describe the three periods of maximal testicular activity, fetal, neonatal and adult. This results in the differentiation which eventually determines adult sexual activity.

Androgens↗