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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Interactions between progesterone and androgens in the stimulation of sex behaviors in male little striped whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus inornatus.

Progesterone is believed to have a suppressive or inhibitory role in regulating androgen-dependent sex behaviors in male mammals and birds. Previous studies in this laboratory have revealed that in the little striped whiptail lizard (Cnemidophorus inornatus), progesterone (P) can stimulate sex behavior in a proportion of the males. The present study sought to determine (i) interactions between androgens and P in activating sex behaviors, and (ii) the overlap in behavioral sensitivities to androgens and P in male C. inornatus. With an increasing length of castration the behavioral sensitivity of males to exogenous P was reduced. However, priming of castrated males with subthreshold doses of exogenous dihydrotestosterone (DHT) greatly facilitated subsequent behavioral responses to exogenous P. Progesterone treatments of castrated males were more effective at reinstating sex behaviors in males that exhibited high-intensity sex behaviors prior to castration compared to males that exhibited low-intensity sex behaviors. Finally, exogenous DHT is more effective at reinstating sex behaviors in P-sensitive males than in P-insensitive males. These data are discussed in light of possible mechanisms underlying the unusual behavioral effects of P in the Cnemidophorus model system.

Androgens↗
PubMed1992

Psychosocial predictors of "safer sex" behaviors in young adults.

This study tested a model of safer sex behavior using variables from social learning theory, the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and theories of cognitive coping style. Two types of safer sex behavior were measured: frequency of condom use and the discussion of AIDS and past partners with a sexual partner. The participants--275 undergraduate students--completed an anonymous written questionnaire. The variables (behavioral intention, perceived susceptibility, barriers, self-efficacy, monitoring, blunting, and social support) predicted 35% of the variance in condom use and 13% of the variance in discussion (adjusted R2s). Intention was the strongest predictor of both types of safer sex behavior. Perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers were associated with intention to use a condom; perceived barriers was inversely related to condom use. Self-efficacy was associated with the intention to discuss and reported discussion of AIDS and past partners with a sexual partner; social support was related to the intention to discuss. An information-avoiding coping style was negatively associated with condom use. Implications for future research and intervention efforts in the area of AIDS prevention are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Sex typing and the avoidance of cross-sex behavior.

This article presents evidence for the hypothesis that cross-sex behavior is motivationally problematic for sex-typed individuals and that they actively avoid it as a result. In particular, when asked to indicate which of a series of paired activities they would prefer to perform for pay while being photographed, sex-typed subjects were more likely than either androgynous or sex-reversed subjects to prefer sex-appropriate activity and to resist sex-inappropriate activity, even though such choices cost them money. Moreover, actually engaging in cross-sex behavior caused sex-typed subjects to report greater psychological discomfort and more negative feelings about themselves.

Avoidance Learning↗
PubMed1975

Vitamin E and sex behavior in mice.

C57BL/6J male mice responded to dietary deficiency of vitamin E with reduction in spermatogenesis. Sex behavior and seminal vesicle weight were unaffected. Supplements of alphabeta-tocopherol (vitamin E) at 0.33 or 72 IU per day maintained spermatogenesis but did not affect seminal vesicles or sex behavior.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of safe sex behavior in adolescents and young adults.

The aim of this project was to develop an instrument to measure use of safe sex practices among adolescents and to conduct initial evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. The Safe Sex Behavior Questionnaire (SSBQ) was designed to measure the frequency of use of safe sex practices and was assessed for content validity, reliability, and construct validity through a series of tests. The content validity index computed for the SSBQ was 98%. Initial reliability computed for sums of items of the total scale was .82 among 89 college freshmen. Using a second sample of 531 subjects, the SSBQ was factor-analyzed separately for males and females and five similar factors emerged for each gender. Reliability coefficients for sums of salient items for each factor ranged from .52 to .85. Using a third sample of 174 subjects, construct validity was assessed by correlating the SSBQ with measures of general assertiveness and general risk-taking. The resulting correlations were appreciable and in the predicted directions, thus providing support for the construct validity of the instrument.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

The relationship of assertiveness to college students' safer sex behaviors.

Educational programs designed to curtail the present sexually transmitted disease (STD) epidemic emphasize the role of assertiveness in reducing personal risk. This study investigated the relationship between assertiveness tendencies and safer sex behaviors in heterosexual college students. It was predicted that assertiveness would vary positively, and nonassertiveness negatively, with three types of precautionary behaviors: caution about engaging in sexual intimacy, inquiry about a potential partner's STD risk history, and frequency of condom use. A convenience sample of 253 undergraduates (159 females and 94 males) anonymously completed a sexual behavior/demographic questionnaire and the Intimate Relationships Questionnaire (IRQ), designed for this study and involving assertive, nonassertive, and aggressive responses to scenarios relevant to safer sex. The findings confirmed the hypothesized relationships between IRQ assertiveness tendencies and safer sex practices. Gender differences were discovered on the IRQ and in the health-protective behaviors of using caution and inquiring about a prospective partner's STD risk history. Implications for STD prevention strategies are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Stereotyped sex role behavior and sex guilt.

A study of self-reported sex guilt and sex behavior in college students closely replicated previous findings. In addition, it was found that high guilt subjects were more likely to act in conformity with social expectations regarding sexual behavior. That is, high guilt males were more likely to be assertive in their sexual behaviors than low guilt males, and high guilt females were more likely to engage in passive sexual behaviors than low guilt females. Assertion was defined as acting upon another, and passivity was defined as being acted upon.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

[Sex education, sex behavior, contraception].

Sexual behavior has changed during the last decades. Teenage fertility rate, and the number of gonococcal infections are both extremely high; the incidence of HIV-infections is increasing. Preventive measures include sex education. Sex education may help the adolescents to identify their own goals for sexual behavior, to avoid unintended and unwanted pregnancy, and to avoid sexually transmitted diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Sex behavior and partnership problems of the woman in climacterium with reference to her occupation].

On consideration of familiar and professional changes sexual psychologic aspects of the woman during the climacteric are being discussed. -- Changes and disturbances in sexuality, lack of libido and failure of orgasm and changed positions to sexuality expecially under the influence of the professional activity of 92 climacteric woman are stated. -- Examinations of the climacteric women were performed by the interview-method.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-risk sex behavior among young street-recruited crack cocaine smokers in three American cities: an interim report. The Multicenter Crack Cocaine and HIV Infection Study Team.

Since crack cocaine appeared in urban areas in the United States in the mid-1980s, reports have suggested that crack smokers may be at increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including infection with HIV, because they have multiple sex partners, trade sex for money or drugs, and rarely use condoms. A cross-sectional survey is being conducted in urban neighborhoods in Miami, New York and San Francisco--where crack use is common--to explore these issues. Indigenous street outreach workers are recruiting men and women who are either current regular crack smokers or who have never smoked crack; each group is further stratified according to whether participants had ever injected drugs. Participants were interviewed about their sexual and drug-use practices. Overall, crack smokers, whether injectors or not, engaged in higher-risk sexual behaviors than nonsmokers, reported greater numbers of sex partners than nonsmokers, and were more likely than nonsmokers to have exchanged sex for money or drugs or to have had an STD. Differences between crack smokers and nonsmokers were generally greater among non-injectors than among injectors, and generally greater among women than among men. Condom use, although somewhat more common with paying than nonpaying partners, was infrequent overall. Most of the subjects had not been in substance abuse treatment in the preceding 12 months, and a majority had never been in substance abuse treatment. Education and prevention programs specifically targeted at crack smokers not currently in substance abuse treatment are needed to reach these high-risk persons.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Condoms and coitus: adolescents attitudes to AIDS and safe sex behavior.

This study investigated the relationship between sexual risk taking and attitudes to AIDS precautions among a sample of approximately 1000 non-virgin adolescents attending 15 colleges and universities in Victoria, Australia. Four attitudinal dimensions were isolated: Antiprecautions, Risk Denial, Abrogation of Responsibility and Fatalism. These attitudes showed meaningful relationships with different types of sexual risk: risk with a casual partner, risk with a regular partner, and multiple partnering. Different patterns of association emerged for males and females, with female risk behavior being more strongly related to antiprecautions attitudes. These differences were discussed in the light of gender-stereotypic responses to sexual situations, and their implications for educational interventions were explored.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Possibilities of drug treatment in some sex behavior anomalies].

In this article the authors reconsider the literature about the drug treatment of sexual behaviour anomalies. In fact, the therapy of subjects convicted for sexual offences has been widely studied. The various drugs at disposal may be divided into three main groups: 1) oestrogens; 2) progesterone derivatives; 3) psycho-tropic-drugs. Among oestrogens the most widely used are oral stiboestrol and oestron. Recently, oestradio has been implanted subcutaneously. Even if effective all of them present some inconvenients, sometimes serious one, such as breast cancer. Recently drugs of the second group have been used. The most important of them is Cyproterone acetate, a synthetic substance, which is classified as antiandrogen and whose structure is like to progesterone. The effects in achieving a complete loss of libido and of sexual power have been judged satisfactory by all the authors who have experienced this drug. In U.S.A., where use of Cyproterone is still interdected, Medroxyprogersterone acetate is used parenterally and by depot with similar therapeutical effects. To the last group belong various drugs. The most used in benperidol, a neuroleptic, classified by many authors as antiandrogen.

Benperidol↗