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Results for “Set, Psychology”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

The role of psychological set in psychosocial stress.

Objectively equal social stress may produce very different changes in different personalities, depending upon the subjective interpretation of the external situation. On investigation of the factors responsible for this subjective evaluation we found the psychological set to be of particular importance. We therefore compared some psychological sets of hypertensives, neurotics and adjusted normotensives. Following psychotherapy aiming at changing some of these psychological attitudes we were able to see improvement of the high blood-pressure.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

[The possibilities of preventing hypertension and the characteristics of the psychological set for its management in rural inhabitants].

At examination of 360 hypertensive subjects living in rural areas it was found that the examinees were quite indifferent to their health. This is explained by poor knowledge of hypertension and its complications, inadequacy of the patients psychophysical condition, lack of medical prevention activity. A questionnaire survey of the physicians-in-charge revealed that 24% of them were unaware of the risk factors, 68% did not care for relevant correction, though they had diagnosed the risk factors in themselves. In self-rating the physicians were not confident, showed indifference to own health and future. The authors believe that the condition of the patients was in many respects due to social and psychological dysadaptation of their physicians who had lost their interest in preventive medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Psychological problems in the neurology setting.

Psychological problems in neurology patients are often a combination of physical, social and psychological factors. The nurse should place equal emphasis on each of these areas when assessing, implementing and evaluating care. Nurses should try to understand the nature of the problem and create time to provide emotional support. Particular care must be taken over drug regimens.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dependence of late evoked cortical potentials on a complex of cognitive factors].

The formation of late evoked cortical responses, N150 and P300, correlates with some factors determining cognitive activity (selective attention, different types of memory, decision making process). Influence of different significance stimuli in a particular situation results in creation of an integral "psychonervous image" reflecting a context of these stimuli, whole complex of cognitive tasks to be solved. It influences significantly on the magnitude of cortical evoked reactions to different stimuli that allows to make a correspondence with the "psychological set" phenomenon and its role in the evaluation of the perceived stimuli.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A sound mind in a sound body: to what extent do they go together before and after psychotherapy?

As in the old adage, we found that a sound mind and a sound body were associated--the frequency of psychological symptoms was highly correlated with the frequency of physical symptoms for seventy-three patients on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist both before and after psychotherapy. The physical and psychological sets of items were each internally consistent and moderately separable from each other. Each set showed some stability over time. The physical symptoms were not associated with current stress, but with worries about physical health. The worries about physical health did not appear to reflect just needless worry since the physical health items correlated with the physicians' physical examinations items (in another sample). Both sets of items were significantly reduced during psychotherapy although the psychological set more so than the physical set. The extent of the reduction in the physical and psychological sets was correlated; the most frequently reduced physical symptoms were those that were initially most common. Reductions in psychological symptoms was moderately correlated with improvement in psychotherapy; for the physical symptoms, the correlation was also significant, but reduced.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Solving ethical problems in medical settings during psychological assessment: a decisional model.

The unique culture of medical settings impacts the style, pace, and quality of psychological consultation provided in that setting. Matters of life and death and other health emergencies, relationships with the courts, and contact with severely impaired patients are typical events. Medical psychologists (MPs) share many, but not all, of the ethical values that guide provision of services by other medical professionals under such circumstances. This generates the need to develop an interdependent but independent ethical orientation on the part of MPs in all professional activities, including psychological assessment. In this article, background information is presented on values that frequently drive medical treatment that may conflict with the MPs' ethical standards. A model appropriate for use in situations requiring complex decisional processes is reviewed, and vignettes are presented as examples of bioethical problem solving under this systematic decisional framework.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Using short-term concentration measures and intelligence in rehabilitation settings.

Psychological assessment of cognitive functioning among clinical groups that include psychiatric and geriatric patients is a difficult task. This study examines the interrelationship between intelligence and concentrative ability for a group of psychiatric patients. Intellectual and concentrative ability were assessed among a group of 85, predominantly schizophrenic, patients (mean age 32 years) from a Sheltered Workshop (GWN) and neurological-psychiatric institutionalized care units within the Neuss region of North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Moderate bivariate relationships were found between all IQ subtests and the concentration performance variables (d2). A substantial overlap in variance was found between "nonverbal" intelligence and the concentration variables (using multiple regression and discrimination analysis). Error rate on the concentration task was significantly negatively correlated with the IQ variables, the magnitude of the correlation coefficient increasing as a function of the time on the task. Future studies would benefit from comparisons in factor structure similarity between abnormal and normal groups as well as between-clinical groups. At a practical level, the relatively easy use (less complex administration) and less obtrusive (hence, low level of personal threat) and inexpensive procedures of the letter cancellation task makes it a useful, albeit "approximate", measure of cognitive functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The effects of warm-up activities on small group divergent problem-solving with young children.

This study investigated the effects of warm-up activities on divergent production by young children in small group problem-solving settings, hypothesizing that game-like activities designed to develop a psychological set for creative thinking previous to group problem-solving will actually facilitate idea production. One hundred five first-grade children were randomly assigned to four conditions with number and sex equated: three differing warm-up treatments (two task-related and one not) and one condition of no warm-up for 20 minutes previous to a small group administration of an activity from the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Scores obtained for fluency, flexibility, and originality showed significant treatment effects on originality, with flexibility approaching significance, for the two task-related warm-up treatments. It was concluded that these types of activities positively influence a psychological set for divergent production.

Acting Out↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of set on human cognitive activity].

A psychological set was formed in 30 healthy adult subjects by means of successive exposition on the screen (with the intervals in 3-7 sec) of 30 single pseudo words written in the Latin letters. This series of stimuli was immediately followed by similar presentation of 36 single Russian words which consisted of the letters written in the same way as some characters of the Latin alphabet. At the beginning of the second train of stimuli all the subjects began to read the well-known Russian words as senseless. In 11 subjects this effect disappeared after 1-2 Russian word presentations and in 19 subjects only after 6-36 presentations. Analysis of the reaction time to the presentation of the visual probe stimulus suggests that the formation of preparatory set improves selective attention to the stimuli acting in a given situation and thus consolidates the cognitive processes.

Adult↗