Persistance of antibiotics in leaves of sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.).
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
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[Antitumor effect of alcohol extract from Sesamum indicum flower on S180 and H22 experimental tumor].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antineoplasm effect of extract from Sesamum indicum L. flower. METHOD: Observing the effects of alcohol extract from Sesamum indicum flower on tumor growth in sarcoma 180 (S180) and Heps 22 (H22) tumorigenic mouse, and on weight of immune organs. RESULT: 6, 3, 1.5 g/kg extract showed inhibiting effect on tumor growth obviously, and had not distinct effect on weight of thymus and spleen in mice sarcoma 180 and Heps 22. CONCLUSION: The alcohol extract from Sesamum indicum flower showed obvious antitumor effect.
Animals↗
Effect of succinylation on the functional and physicochemical properties of alpha-globulin, the major protein fraction from Sesamum indicum L.
alpha-Globulin the major protein fraction from Sesamum indicum was succinylated to different levels and the effect of the chemical modification was evaluated both on the functional and physicochemical properties. The results suggest that the pH of minimum solubility shifted to the more acidic side (pH approximately 4.5-5.5) for the succinylated alpha-globulin whereas for control alpha-globulin the pH of minimum solubility was 6.5. Succinylation also increased emulsion activity and emulsion stability of the protein. The emulsion stability increased from a control value of 53 +/- 3 s to a value of 122 +/- 5 s. Bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity and foam stability were evaluated in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.5 M sodium chloride and all these properties showed increased values as a result of succinylation. Ultracentrifugation studies showed that the % composition of 7S component increases with concomitant decrease in that of 11S fraction with the increase in percentage of succinylation. Further increase in succinylation resulted in only 2S component which is a dissociated form of 11S and/or 7S protein fractions. The fluorescence emission studies showed a decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity of alpha-globulin as a result of succinylation. The thermal stability of the protein molecule decreased due to progressive succinylation as indicated by decrease in the apparent thermal denaturation temperature from a control value of 84 to 62 degrees C at a succinylation level of 40%. These results suggest that succinylation improves the functional characteristics of alpha-globulin. Such changes in the functional properties have been attributed partly to the dissociation of the protein molecule at higher levels of succinylation and the increase in the net negative charge on the protein.
Alpha-Globulins↗
Isolation and characterization of a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase cDNA from developing sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds: functional and differential expression, and salt-induced transcription during germination.
A cDNA (SeMIPS1) encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) (MIPS) has been characterized from sesame (Sesamum indicum L. cv. Dan-Baek) seeds and its functional expression analyzed. The SeMIPS1 protein was highly homologous with those from other plant species (88-94%), while a much lower degree of sequence homology (53-62%) was found with other organisms such as humans, mouse, algae, yeast, Drosophila, bacteria and other prokaryotes. A yeast-based complementation assay in yeast mutants containing a disrupted INO1gene for yeast MIPS confirmed that the SeMIPS1 gene encodes a functional MIPS. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the SeMIPS1 gene diverged as a different subfamily or family member. Southern hybridization revealed several copies of the SeMIPS1 gene present in the sesame genome and northern blotting indicated that expression of the SeMIPS1gene may be organ specific. Salt stress during sesame seed germination had an adverse influence on transcription of SeMIPS1and greatly reduced transcript levels as the duration of exposure to a saline environment increased and NaCl concentration increased. Germination initiation of sesame seeds was severely delayed as NaCl level increased. These results suggest that expression of SeMIPS1 is down-regulated by salt stress during sesame seed germination.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Anthrasesamones from roots of Sesamum indicum.
Three anthraquinones, named anthrasesamones A, B and C, were isolated from the roots of Sesamum indicum, and their respective structures were determined to be 1-hydroxy-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)anthraquinone, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)anthraquinone and 2-chloro-1,4-dihydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)anthraquinone on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Two known anthraquinones were also isolated for the first time from S. indicum roots and characterized as 2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)anthraquinone and (E)-2-(4-methylpenta-1,3-dienyl)anthraquinone. Anthrasesamone C is a rare chlorinated anthraquinone in higher plants.
Anthraquinones↗
Comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags from Sesamum indicum and Arabidopsis thaliana developing seeds.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is an important oilseed crop which produces seeds with 50% oil that have a distinct flavor and contains antioxidant lignans. Because sesame lignans are known to have antioxidant and health-protecting properties, metabolic pathways for lignans have been of interest in developing sesame seeds. As an initial approach to identify genes involved in accumulation of storage products and in the biosynthesis of antioxidant lignans, 3328 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained from a cDNA library of immature seeds 5-25 days old. ESTs were clustered and analyzed by the BLASTX or FASTAX program against the GenBank NR and Arabidopsis proteome databases. To compare gene expression profiles during development of green and non-green seeds, a comparative analysis was carried out between developing sesame and Arabidopsis seed ESTs. Analyses of these two seed EST sets have helped to identify similar and different gene expression profiles during seed development, and to identify a large number of sesame seed-specific genes. In particular, we have identified EST candidates for genes possibly involved in biosynthesis of sesame lignans, sesamin and sesamolin, and also suggest a possible metabolic pathway for the generation of cofactors required for synthesis of storage lipid in non-green oilseeds. Seed-specific expression of several candidate genes has been confirmed by northern blot analysis.
Arabidopsis↗
Beneficial effects of flavonoids from Sesamum indicum, Emblica officinalis and Momordica charantia.
Flavonoids from Sesamum indicum (gingili), Emblica officinalis (gooseberry) and Momordica charantia (bittergourd) were analysed for their biological activities. Of the three sources, flavonoids isolated from Emblica officinalis exerted the maximum beneficial action by eliciting highly potent hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic activities. Moreover these flavonoids were effective in raising the haemoglobin levels in rats.
Animals↗
Seedborne fungi of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) in Sierra Leone and their potential aflatoxin/mycotoxin production.
Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L) from four different geographic locations in Sierra Leone were sampled for their mycoflora. Three toxigenic Aspergillus species: A. flavus Link ex Fries, A. ochraceus Wilhelm, and A. tamarii Kita were common to all samples. Penicillium citrinum Thom and two Fusarium sp. were found in samples from two localities. The mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 and G1, ochratoxin A and B, and citrinin were positively identified.
Aflatoxins↗
Resistance of alpha-globulin from Sesamum indicum L. to proteases in relationship to its structure.
alpha-Globulin, the high-molecular-weight protein fraction from Sesamum indicum L., was hydrolyzed to low-molecular-weight protein and peptides by pepsin, while its resistance to hydrolysis by group-specific enzymes, trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin, was very high. The protein showed definite structural changes after proteolysis, especially after peptic hydrolysis, as evidenced from various biophysical data. The sedimentation velocity pattern of alpha-globulin hydrolyzed by trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin indicated reduction in the percentage of 11S component, while the pepsin-hydrolyzed sample was devoid of any 11S component, indicating the absence of a native protein molecule. The fluorescence emission spectra of the various hydrolyzed alpha-globulin showed a red shift in the fluorescence emission maximum. The red shift was maximum with alpha-globulin hydrolyzed by pepsin and minimum with the trypsin-hydrolyzed sample. The far-ultraviolet-circular dichroic measurements indicated that most of the ordered structure of alpha-globulin was absent after pepsin hydrolysis, while after trypsin and chymotrypsin hydrolysis conformational changes were less.
Alpha-Globulins↗
Molecular characterization and interviral homologies of a potyvirus infecting sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Georgia.
Phylogenetic analyses of the 3' terminal region of a potyvirus naturally infecting sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Georgia indicated that the virus belongs to the passionfruit woodiness potyvirus subgroup, and is most closely related to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CABMV) and South African passiflora potyvirus. Based on the sequence identity, this virus is a strain of CABMV. Use of degenerate primers, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequence analysis allowed us to rapidly determine the taxonomic status of this potyvirus.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Phenylethanoid glycosides of Sesamum indicum.
From a water extract of whole plants of Sesamum indicum, two new, and six known phenylethanoid glycosides, and three new triglycosides which had the same sugar sequence were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Hydroxysesamone and 2,3-epoxysesamone from roots of Sesamum indicum.
A red naphthoquinone, named hydroxysesamone, was isolated from the roots of Sesamum indicum together with a known yellow naphthoxirene derivative, 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone, named 2,3-epoxysesamone. The structure of the naphthoquinone was characterized as 2,5,8-trihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone on the basis of spectral evidence. Full assignments of NMR resonances of 2,3-epoxysesamone were also confirmed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic experiments. Chlorosesamone, hydroxysesamone and 2,3-epoxysesamone all showed antifungal activities toward Cladosporium fulvum.
Antifungal Agents↗
Simultaneous determination of carbaryl, malathion, fenitrothion, and diazinon residues in sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.).
A method is described for the simultaneous determination of carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate), malathion [diethyl (dimethoxythiophosphorylthio) succinate], fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate), and diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate) in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds. Sesame seeds were Soxhlet extracted with n-hexane, and the extract was subjected to a liquid-liquid partitioning and column cleanup to remove the oily coextractives prior to analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mean percent recoveries (+/- standard deviations) from sesame seeds fortified with carbaryl (0.004 to 0.035 microgram/g), malathion (0.53 to 4.25 microgram/g), fenitrothion (0.22 to 1.78 microgram/g), and diazinon (0.54 to 4.35 microgram/g) were 83.3 +/- 5.7, 85.5 +/- 6.6, 85. 6 +/- 7.2, and 88.4 +/- 4.8, respectively. The method was used for the simultaneous analysis of carbaryl, malathion, fenitrothion, and diazinon residues in sesame seeds obtained from an Ethiopian field crop that had been treated with the pesticides during its growing period.
Carbaryl↗
Proximate composition and functional properties of fullfat and defatted beniseed (Sesamum indicum L.) flour.
The proximate composition and functional properties of fullfat and defatted beniseed (Sesamum indicum L.) flour were evaluated. Functional properties studied were foam capacity and stability, water and oil absorption, bulk density, emulsion capacity and nitrogen solubility. Defatting increased the crude protein, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate and mineral contents. Defatted flour showed comparatively better foam capacity and stability, water absorption and emulsion capacities but diminished bulk density and oil absorption capacity. Nitrogen solubility was pH dependent with a minimum at pH 4 and maximum at pH 8. Maximum nitrogen solubility (95%) was recorded for defatted flour while that for the fullfat flour was 60%. The proximate composition and functional properties of the samples suggest that beniseed flour would have useful application in fabricated foods.
Absorption↗
The amino acid sequence of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and castor (Ricinus communis L.) cytochrome c.
The amino acid sequences of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and castor (Ricinus communis L.) cytochrome c were determined by using 1.5mumol of protein from each species. Both molecules consist of a single chain of 111 amino acid residues and are homologous with other mitochondrial cytochrome c molecules. Both have an N-acetylated ;tail' of eight amino acids and two in-N-trimethyl-lysine residues, as also reported for wheat germ (Delange, Glazer & Smith, 1969) and mung-bean cytochrome c (Thompson, Laycock, Ramshaw & Boulter, 1970). Two different preparations of castor cytochrome c differed by one residue. This was glutamic acid for glutamine in position 100. The results for sesame and castor cytochrome c led to a re-examination and subsequent correction to the N-terminal region of the mung-bean cytochrome c sequence, as given by Thompson et al. (1970).
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Chemical composition, nutritionally valuable minerals and functional properties of benniseed (Sesamum radiatum), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) flours.
The chemical composition, nutritionally valuable minerals and functional properties of benniseed (Sesamum radiatum), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) were studied. The results showed that the samples contained crude protein in the range of 11.4 to 22.5% with benniseed having the highest value of 2.5%, and pearl millet with the lowest value 11.4%. Ether extracts fall within the range of 6.3-44.3%. The moisture contents ranged from 5.2 to 11.2% while the ash contents were found to be in the range of 1.2 to 4.1% and the crude fibre ranged between 3.1 and 9.6%. The flours were relatively higher in maltose and D-ribose which were found to be in the range of 1.28-5.08 mg sugar in 5 ml sample. They also have low contents of glucose and fructose which ranged between 0.70 and 1.46 mg sugar in 5 ml sample. The predominant mineral was potassium which varied between 5150 and 7140 mg per kg sample while the samples were significantly low in manganese and copper. The protein solubility of the flours were found to have minimum solubility at pH 5 for benniseed, about pH 6 for pearl millet and quinoa. The seed flours also have good gelation property, water absorption capacity, emulsion capacity and stability. The oil absorption capacity and foaming capacity were low but the foams were relatively stable.
Chenopodiaceae↗
Aggregation, dissociation and denaturation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) alpha-globulin in cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution.
The behaviour of the major protein of sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) alpha-globulin has been studied in a cationic detergent, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution. Up to a critical detergent concentration the protein is precipitated from solution, above which redissolution of the protein is observed. Sedimentation velocity patterns indicate the presence of higher aggregates in the detergent concentration range 5 X 10(-5)--1 X 10(-3) M. These are considered to be the soluble precursors of the insoluble aggregates. Fluorescence measurements show that tryptophanyl groups of the protein which are in contact with the aqueous phase are perturbed by the detergent. The difference spectra of the protein in higher concentration of detergent indicate considerable red shift in the spectrum. Spectrophotometric titration of phenolic groups in 1 X 10(-2) M CTAB indicate that a conformational change in the protein has taken place.
Alpha-Globulins↗
Association-dissociation and denaturation behaviour of an oligomeric seed protein alpha-globulin of Sesamum indicum L. in acid and alkaline solutions.
The association-dissociation and denaturation behaviour of the major protein fraction, alpha-globulin of sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.), in acid and alkaline solutions in the ranges of pH 4.2-1.5 and pH 7-12 have been studied. The results of gel filtration, fluorescence and viscosity measurements indicate dissociation and denaturation of the protein up to pH approximately 3. The difference spectrum in this region arises from a combination of dissociation, denaturation and charge effect on the chromophore. In still stronger acid solution, reassociation of the dissociated fraction takes place by hydrophobic interaction. In alkaline solution dissociation takes place around pH 8, and above pH 10 dissociation and denaturation proceed simultaneously as has been evidenced by sedimentation, fluorescence, spectral change, optical rotation and viscosity measurements. The phenolic group (pKInt=10.6) in the protein is abnormal and denaturation in alkaline solution is irreversible. Above pH 11.5 further dissociation of the protein takes place. Characteristic pH values of transition from 10.6-10.8 indicate that the transition of the protein involves a single step in alkaline solution.
Acids↗