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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Harnessing information technology to revolutionise teaching, research and consultative service in health statistics.

Computers have traditionally been associated with health statistics because of the need to manage, process and analyse data. Over the last two years, the Division of Biostatistics and Health Informatics of the Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine at the National University of Singapore has been actively looking into ways in which informatics and telematics could be usefully applied to teaching and research in health statistics and in the provision of a statistical information service. This paper describes three projects, originating from the National University of Singapore, which provide an effective demonstration of the application of modern technology to an age-old discipline.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1988

Women's health and women's work in health services: what statistics tell us.

This article draws together statistical information in several broad areas that relate to women's health, women's reproductive activities and women's occupations in Sweden. The statistical analysis reflects the major changes that have occurred in Swedish society and that have had a major impact on the health and well-being, as well as on the social participation rate, of women. Much of the data is drawn from a recent special effort at Statistic Sweden aimed at influencing the classification, collection and presentation of statistical data in all fields in such a way that family, working, education, health and other conditions of women can be more readily and equitably compared with those of men. In addition, social changes have seen the shifting of the responsibility of health care from the unpaid duties of women in the home to health care institutions, where female employees predominate. These trends are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of information, education, and communication in family planning service delivery in Tunisia.

In an effort to measure the value of outreach, a prospective study using an experimental comparison group design was implemented in a rural region of Tunisia, where an outreach program had been implemented in 1981 to increase contraceptive prevalence. The main components of the program included the improvement and expansion of rural health care services through mobile clinics, and the implementation of an information, education, and communication (IEC) outreach program. While the program tended to focus on the implementation of the mobile clinics, service statistics suggested that the IEC outreach component in fact accounted for much of the success of the program. The study shows that the addition of outreach to existing services more than doubles the number of new family planning acceptors, and that outreach has a more positive impact on service output than does the creation of new services.

Communication↗
PubMed1977

Records based on clinical examination as an indicator of alcohol involvement in injuries at emergency stations.

Clinical detection of alcohol involvement (AI) and its recording (ethyl sign) in accident patients was evaluated by comparing the ethyl signs with blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) in 1012 injury victims. Of the 337 BAC-positive cases 50% had a positive ethyl sign, while an additional 13% had some reference to alcohol in their patient notes. Thus, the overall recording rate was 63%. Computer analysis of the statistics from the same emergency station revealed positive ethyl signs in 13.5% of all the 44 372 patients in 1973. The drunken victims of falls (44%) and fights & assaults (26%) formed the main bulk (70%) of all drunken injury patients. Ethyl sign was found to be a specific, though not a sensitive, indicator of AI and a useful device for studying the strain alcohol places upon the emergency services, statistically.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

California's use of health statistics in child health planning.

The California Health Plan for Children, 1979, compiled by the Committee on Health Planning of California, District IX of the American Academy of Pediatrics, is an extensive report on health problems unique to the children of California. Since its publication, many local and state health agencies have been using it as a guide and source of data in their planning efforts for child and youth health. The creation of the plan demonstrated a successful working relationship between health care practitioners and biostatisticians, the acceptance by health professionals of the use of health statistics in planning, the different uses of health statistics in formulating recommendations, and an approach to organizing and summarizing large bodies of data. Nevertheless, our experience indicates that although collection systems for data on population, mortality, natality, morbidity, and health services statistics abound, their use in community health planning for subpopulations is still limited by problems in the definition, validity, and completeness of the data elements. The establishment of an individualized data system for the entire population, to be developed, coordinated, and controlled by one central agency, could be a significant step toward solving these long-standing problems in our data systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

School-based clinics: their role in helping students meet the 1990 objectives.

Service statistics and observations from site visits across the country indicate that school-based clinics (SBCs) may be having an impact on several of the problems targeted in the 1990 health objectives, including unplanned pregnancy and substance abuse. At least 120 junior and senior high schools in 61 communities are currently operating or developing clinics. Growth is attributed to increasing concern about high-risk youth, especially among educators in their roles of "surrogate parents"; to disillusion with categorical interventions and a movement toward more comprehensive services; and to student, parent, school, and community approval of the new programs. This article describes the comprehensive school-based clinic model, including its history, organizational strategies, school/community partnerships, and services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Scottish dentists' use of and opinions regarding bitewing radiography.

This study examined Scottish dentists' claimed use of and opinions regarding bitewing radiography. Information was obtained from a questionnaire sent to all dentists practising in Scotland in 1987 and from national statistics published in the Annual Reports of the Dental Practice Boards in the UK. The response rate to the questionnaire was 72% (926 general dental practitioners and 201 clinical community dental officers). Respondents considered radiography to be of value for the detection of approximal caries, assessment of caries progression and evaluation of alveolar periodontal support. They considered it to be of less value for a variety of other tasks, including detecting occlusal caries, unerupted teeth or calculus. One hundred and fifty-eight dentists (15% of respondents) claimed not to have taken any bitewings of their 12-year-old patients in the preceding year. Those respondents who did claim to have exposed some bitewings said that approximately one-quarter of this patient group had received the examination in the past year. The overall Health Service statistics appear to confirm that the utilization of radiography by dentists practising in Scotland is somewhat lower than that by dentists in England and Wales, a factor which requires further investigation.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of census and family planning program data on contraceptive prevalence, Indonesia.

Indonesian family planning (FP) service statistics indicate that three out of five couples of childbearing age nationwide are now using modern contraception provided by the FP program. The 1980 Indonesian Census provided a unique opportunity to cross-check the FP program's contraceptive prevalence figures for every province. The results of that comparison indicate considerable variation, particularly in Java, between the FP program estimates of numbers of current users and the census estimates. Possible explanations for these differences are sought in the FP program approach to estimation of prevalence levels from acceptor data, and by examining the possibility of census underestimation of prevalence levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The correlation between family planning program inputs and contraceptive use in Indonesia.

Using 1980 Census and 1986 service statistics program inputs, this paper evaluates the net correlation of socioeconomic, region, and program variables with 1987 contraceptive prevalence and method-specific use rates for Indonesian regencies and municipalities. The region variables--primarily, though not exclusively, reflecting program design and maturity--correlate most strongly with the contraceptive prevalence rates. Field-worker activities, field-worker supervisor activities, and community-based distributors also have a correlation with these rates. Pill use is highest in the areas that are predominantly Islamic and least developed, whereas the pattern is reversed for use of the IUD, condom, and other modern methods (mainly female sterilization). The findings are assessed in terms of their implications for policymaking.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of facial fractures resulting in hospitalisation in New Zealand from 1979 to 1988.

The incidence and aetiology of facial fractures resulting in admission to public hospitals in New Zealand in 1987 were investigated retrospectively from data collected by the Health Statistical Services. Data were analysed by the age group, ethnic origin and gender of those affected. During 1987 the overall incidence of facial fractures was 47.9/100,000 of the population. The highest incidence was for Maori males at 152/100,000. A comparison with data for the period 1979 to 1988 showed a decrease for the population as a whole but an increase for those who declared themselves to be Maori. Assault was the most common cause of facial fractures resulting in hospitalisation for both males and females. Sport was the second most common cause of facial fractures with rugby football contributing two-thirds of these. These results indicate where future preventive measures should be targeted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Estimating maternal mortality in Djibouti: an application of the sisterhood method.

In many developing countries even crude estimates of the level of maternal mortality are lacking and the prospects of fulfilling this need using conventional sources of vital registration and health service statistics are not encouraging. The constraint this imposes on the effective planning, management and evaluation of the programmes now being launched to reduce these neglected deaths is self-evident. It is less obvious how the majority of developing countries can be expected to meet the call for reliable estimates of maternal mortality by 1995. The sisterhood method provides a means of obtaining population-based estimates using household surveys for data collection. This paper describes the application of the method in Djibouti in the context of a rapid multi-purpose household survey in difficult field circumstances. In recent years the reduction of the level of maternal mortality in developing countries has become a priority for both national governments and international agencies. Attention has been drawn to the wide range of levels within and between countries and to the huge discrepancies in the lifetime risk of maternal death for women in the developed compared with the developing world. This risk has been estimated to range from 1 in 19 in West Africa to almost 1 in 10,000 in Northern Europe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Normal values of transfer factor and transfer coefficients in healthy males and females.

A population study was performed to obtain local normal values of the transfer factor for a respiratory laboratory providing a routine hospital service. Statistical analysis of the results obtained showed similar results to those of previous investigators for the transfer factor and alveolar volume. The transfer factor was found to be dependent on height, age and sex, while the alveolar volume depended only upon height and sex. Unlike previous investigations, however, the present study showed that the transfer coefficient was the same for women as for men and was related solely to age.

Adolescent↗