[Serum iron levels and serum and red cell folate levels in maternal and cord blood (author's transl)].
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Anemia, Hypochromic↗
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Serum iron level, coronary artery disease, and all-cause mortality in older men and women.
The association between iron levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality is controversial. Whereas most data show no association, some have raised the possibility of a causal role, while others have suggested a protective effect of iron on CAD. To address these possibilities, we examined the association between serum iron and CAD, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality in a large cohort of 3,936 persons aged > or =71 years who completed an interview, had a serum iron determination, and survived at least 1 year after baseline. The median follow-up time was 4.4 years. Serum iron levels were categorized according to sex-specific quartiles. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from proportional-hazards regression models adjusted for age, race, education, creatinine, serum albumin, serum lipids, use of iron supplementation, smoking, use of alcohol, blood pressure, body mass index, and presence of chronic conditions. There was a gradual decrease in the RRs of CAD, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality with increasing serum iron levels (all tests for trend, p <0.05). Men in the highest iron quartile were one fifth as likely to die of CAD as men in the lowest iron quartile (RR 0.22; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.48), and women in the highest quartile had half the risk of women in the lowest quartile (RR 0.48; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.87). When compared with the lowest quartile, risk of all-cause mortality was 38% lower in men in the highest iron quartile (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.85) and 28% lower in women in the highest quartile (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.96). Results of similar strength and magnitude were observed for cardiovascular disease mortality and in analyses that excluded the first 3 years of follow-up. In this large cohort of persons aged > or =71 years, there was consistent evidence of increasing risk of mortality at lower serum iron levels. In fact, lower serum iron levels were associated with an increased risk of CAD, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. The results are compatible with the possibility that in an older population, there is an inverse association between serum iron levels and risk of mortality.
Age Factors↗
Blood lead and serum iron levels in non-occupationally exposed males and females.
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Adult↗
Effect of different treatments of the endotoxin-induced modifications in serum iron levels.
The effects of hyperthermia, injection of endotoxin and different antipyretics on serum iron levels in rabbits have been determined. Three antipyretics, Ketoprofen (K), Indomethacin (I), and Polymyxin B (P) induced a rise in serum iron concentration. The rise in serum levels induced by Ketoprofen seems to be related to the half life of the compound. Pretreatment with these antipyretics inhibits the rise in body temperature and the fall in serum concentration observed after the administration of bacterial endotoxin. The hyperthermia failed to modify serum iron levels.
Animals↗
Serum iron level in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Serum iron level (SIL) was studied by atomicabs orption spectrophotometry in 57 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. SIL depended on the activity of the disease. Mean SIL was highest in untreated children. Normalization of myelograms during treatment was accompanied by a decrease of SIL. A significant decrease was observed in organ localizations and in infections during remission of the leukaemia. SIL may be helpful as an auxiliary test in the management of leukaemic children.
Adolescent↗
Ferritin and serum iron levels in adult patients with sickle cell anaemia at Ibadan, Nigeria.
The ferritin and serum iron levels in 100 adult patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and in ten pregnant (SCA) females were measured. All the adult sickle cell anaemia patients had serum ferritin levels ranging between 325 ng/dl and > 1500 ng/dl. These levels are within and above the normal range. The same trend was observed in the pregnant adult females with SCA. However, in the pregnant women, significantly lower ferritin levels than in the non-pregnant women were recorded. There is, therefore, a reduction in ferritin levels in pregnancy. This could be due to the increased iron requirements and demand by the developing foetus. Serum iron was below normal in 30% of the pregnant women, only 6% of all the adult patients had serum iron levels below the normal levels. Given the adequacy of ferritin levels in the patients studied and the very low incidence of below normal serum iron levels, it is concluded that the sickle cell anaemia patients in the area of study have adequate levels of iron and ferritin in their serum. Iron should therefore be given only in proven cases of iron deficiency anaemia.
Adolescent↗
[The elevation of serum iron level with oral administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in patients with breast cancer].
The elevation of serum iron level was noted in six out of 45 patients with breast cancers who were treated by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in Kinki University Hospital. Those six patients were not found to be involved in hemolysis and liver dysfunction during the treatment. The level of serum iron was demonstrated 205-338 micrograms/dl in the blood after MPA treatment. This elevation of serum iron level was not related with another anti-cancer agents. There was no observed serious complication with high level of serum iron. This is the first report of the elevation of serum iron level following MPA therapy for the patients with breast cancers.
Aged↗
Cancer chemotherapy induces a transient increase of serum-iron level.
Twenty eight consecutive patients with advanced solid malignancies were studied for variations in serum iron level after a first course of chemotherapy. Eleven different schedules involving twelve drugs were administered. Serum-iron level and serum siderophyllin, hemogram, reticulocytes, inflammatory tests, hemolysis parameters and hepatic enzymes were evaluated before treatment and around the fourth, twelfth and twenty first day after. Response to treatment was measured in all patients. In each patient, regardless of the sex, nature of the tumor or drugs administered, a high increase of serum-iron level was observed between the third and the seventh day after the start of treatment (mean: +263%, range: 78-953%). In twenty one patients, sideremia overstepped the normal range. This variation of serum iron level was transient and the level of sideremia approached the initial rate when it was measured around the thirteenth day after the start of treatment. This phenomenon did not appear to be related to tumor lysis, hemolysis, liver cytolysis or improvement of the inflammatory syndrome. The constant observation of reduction in reticulocytes concurrent with the increase in serum-iron, suggests a mechanism involving impairment of the reticulo-endothelial cells implicated in iron metabolism, due to anticancer drugs. Among the drugs used in this study, actinomycin D, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil seem to be imputed in the phenomenon observed.
Adult↗
Serum iron levels in schizophrenic patients with or without akathisia.
The pathophysiology of akathisia still remains controversial. Iron deficiency was proposed to be an important factor in the development of akathisia. In the present study, it was aimed to compare levels of serum iron and linked variables in chronic akathisic (n=30), and non-akathisic patients (n=30) with schizophrenia and healthy controls (n=30) because of the controversy in the association of iron and akathisia. The Barnes Akathisia Scale for akathisia and Simpson-Angus Rating Scale for extrapyramidal side effects were used. Serum iron and linked variables and hematological profile of the patients and control subjects were determined. Serum iron levels were significantly lower both in akathisic and non-akathisic groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, akathisic patients had significantly lower iron levels than non-akathisic patients (P<0.05). Total iron binding capacity was significantly higher in patients with akathisia compared to the control group (P<0.01). Although non-akathisic patients had a mild increase in total iron binding capacity, it was not statistically significant compared to the control group (P>0.05). Ferritin levels were determined to be significantly lower in both groups compared to the control group (P<0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in ferritin levels between the patients with and without akathisia (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that an association between akathisia and iron metabolism exists.
Adult↗
Serum iron levels and hepatic iron overload in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic viral hepatitis.
Our objective was to determine the effect of serum iron levels and hepatic iron overload on hepatocellular damage in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and to compare this with chronic viral hepatitis. Twenty-five patients who had elevated transaminase levels on at least two occasions, without any evidence of viral and autoimmune hepatitis and diabetes, without a history of significant alcohol use, and with a liver biopsy consistent with NASH were enrolled in the study. Twenty-five patients with chronic viral hepatitis (13 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 12 with chronic hepatitis B) who were not under any antiviral treatment were taken as controls. Metabolic factors were studied in the NASH and chronic hepatitis groups. Biopsy specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and the grade of steatosis and the stage of fibrosis were evaluated as I, II, or III, I being mild and III being severe. Iron overload in the hepatic tissue was studied by Prussian blue staining. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, globulin, and ferritin levels were comparable in both steatohepatitis and chronic viral hepatitis groups. However, patients with chronic hepatitis had a lower albumin level and a higher serum iron level, with higher transferrin saturation. Among patients with NASH, mild, moderate, and severe steatosis was found in 7, 10, and 8 patients, respectively. Inflammatory infiltration was grade I in 24 patients and grade III in 1 patient. Fibrosis was mild in 12 patients and 13 patients had no fibrosis. Among patients with chronic viral hepatitis, inflammatory infiltration of grade I was seen in 11 patients, grade II in 11 patients, and grade III in 3 patients. Fibrosis was mild in 9 patients, moderate in 13 patients, and severe in 2 patients; 1 patient had no fibrosis. Compared to patients with NASH, those with chronic viral hepatitis cases had more severe inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis (P < 0.01). While five patients with chronic viral hepatitis had mild iron overload, patients with NASH had no hepatic paranchymal iron overload. Neither NASH nor chronic viral hepatitis revealed a relationship between hepatic iron overload and disease activity. This suggests that the iron overload actually may be a result of hemachromatosis gene mutation. The absence of hepatic parenchymal iron overload in the NASH group and only mild iron accumulation in the chronic hepatitis group may be explained by a lower frequency of the gene mutation in our country.
Adult↗
Elevated serum iron levels following administration of cisplatinum.
An increase in serum iron levels and a decrease in serum unsaturated iron binding capacity (uIBC) were noted following the administration of cisplatinum to 9 children with malignancies. The mean serum iron concentration increased from a pretreatment level of 75.7 +/- 30.5 micrograms/ml to a posttreatment level of 162.1 +/- 65.3 micrograms/ml with the first cisplatinum treatment course (p less than 0.004). The uIBC concomitantly decreased from 181.9 +/- 33.7 micrograms/ml to 86.4 +/- 44.6 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.0005). A cumulative effect was noted following subsequent courses. The levels returned to baseline values within 2-4 months following cessation of therapy in 6 children in whom follow-up data were available. It is possible that this reversal of the iron/uIBC ratio is the result of cisplatinum competition for iron binding sites to proteins.
Child↗
Significance of serum iron levels as a biochemical marker in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in serum iron levels, if any, as a biochemical marker of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). METHOD: Fifty-four primigravidas with PIH formed the study group and 20 normotensive primigravidas comprised the control group in a prospective study. Serum iron levels were estimated at diagnosis of PIH, at termination of pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Data was analyzed using Student's t-test, the chi 2-test and regression analysis. RESULTS: Subjects with PIH were found to have higher serum iron levels at diagnosis of PIH (recruitment value) and at termination of pregnancy than the controls (P < 0.001). Serum iron levels in the PIH subjects decreased markedly in the postpartum period simultaneously with the clinical recovery from PIH. Serum iron values of > or = 110 micrograms/dl was found to differentiate PIH from normotensive pregnancies with a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in serum iron levels correlated with the clinical course of PIH and appeared to be a uniform and specific biochemical marker of PIH although its correlation with the severity of PIH was found to be poor.
Adult↗
A low serum iron level is a predictor of poor outcome in hemodialysis patients.
BACKGROUND: Iron administration has been implicated as a cause of poor clinical outcome in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. However, the role of low iron levels in the clinical outcome of MHD patients is not clear. METHODS: We examined the predicting value of baseline serum iron level on prospective mortality and hospitalization in a cohort of all 1,283 MHD patients from 10 DaVita dialysis facilities in Los Angeles County, CA. RESULTS: Patients aged 57.8 +/- 15.2 years included 49% men, 45% Hispanics, 25% African Americans, and 53% patients with diabetes. During the first 3 months of the cohort, 97% of patients were administered erythropoietin (EPO) and 60% were administered intravenous iron (gluconate and/or dextran) at least once. During a 12-month follow-up, mortality was significantly greater (23%) in the lowest serum iron quartile (<45.3 microg/dL [<8.1 micromol/L]) compared with other quartiles (10% to 12%). Multivariate Poisson and Cox models adjusted for demographic features, dialysis dose and vintage, serum albumin and ferritin and blood hemoglobin concentrations, and administered EPO and iron doses showed that both serum iron level and iron saturation ratio had significant, but inverse, associations with prospective mortality and hospitalization. There was a statistically significant trend toward greater rates of mortality and hospitalization with lower serum iron levels. This reverse association remained significant in a subcohort of 322 MHD patients after additional adjustments for comorbid conditions and serum C-reactive protein level to reflect inflammation. CONCLUSION: Low baseline serum iron indicators are associated with increased mortality and hospitalization in MHD patients independent of hemoglobin level, EPO and iron doses, indicators of nutrition and inflammation, and comorbid conditions. Clinical trials to examine the role of iron administration in improving morbidity and mortality by increasing serum iron levels in MHD patients are required.
Adult↗
Low serum iron levels and moderate anemia in severe nodulocystic acne. Reversal with isotretinoin therapy.
Moderate anemia was present in 25% and low serum iron levels in 75% of patients with severe nodulocystic acne. These findings, combined with an elevated serum ferritin level and normal transferrin saturation, indicate that the low serum iron levels and anemia are secondary to the chronic disease state of cutaneous inflammation rather than an iron-deficiency state. Successful therapy of the severe cystic acne with isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) resulted in return of serum iron and hemoglobin values to normal levels and a decrease in serum ferritin level.
Acne Vulgaris↗
The relation between maternal and cord serum iron levels and its effect on fetal growth in iron deficient mothers without malarial infection.
In this relatively iton deficient population both multiparous and primiparous pregnant women had similar serum iron levels. The mothers' levels had a linear correlation with the cord serum levels, but the lowest mean cord levels were above 100 mug./dl. maternal and cord blood haemoglobin levels,birthweights and placental weights showed no constant relation to the serum iron levels, and even in anaemic mothers the fetus was relatively non-asaemic with a haemoglobin level aroun 13 g./dl. In non-anaemic mothers the cord blood haemogloin rose rapidly and progressively.
Anemia, Hypochromic↗
Serum iron levels in depressed patients.
76 depressive patients (male and female) suffering from different kinds of depression (involutional, uni-and bipolar, neurotic, postpartum) showed no reduced serum iron levels. Even after a three to five weeks therapy with tricyclic antidepressants the serum iron levels of 17 of these patients were still within the normal range. On the basis of these results we can neither see a correlation between hyposideremia and the depressive syndrome, nor a hint for a decrease of serum iron levels under treatment with tricyclic antidepressants.
Adult↗
Serum iron levels of adolescent girls and the diurnal variation of serum iron and hemoglobin.
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Adolescent↗
The effect of physical training on the serum iron levels of college-age women.
Physical training in women has been found to be associated with a significant decrease in serum iron levels suggesting a state of deteriorating iron stores. To further study this phenomenon, seventeen women, aged 19 to 23 years, volunteered to participate in a 10-week physical training program to study the effect of training on serum iron levels. The training consisted of three 20-25 minute exercise bouts per week on a bicycle ergometer with individual workloads equivalent to approximately 70% of each subject's maximum aerobic capacity. Additionally, eight women, aged 19 to 28, volunteered to act as a control group. Assessments of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum iron (SeFe), and maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) were made on both groups prior to and at the conclusion of the training period. Upon completion of training, Vo2 max (ml/kg/min) increased by eleven percent (p less than .05) whereas Gb and Hct showed no significant changes for the trainign group with respect to the control group. Se Fe levels (microgram/100ml) in the training group did not differ significantly from those of the control group in both pre-training (128.8 +/- 7.6 vs 103.7 +/- 13.7, X +/- SE) and post-training (126.6 +/- 7.9 vs. 120.9 +/- 16.3, X +/- SE) conditions. Neither day of menstrual cycle nor use of oral contraceptives nor use of iron supplements was found to have any systematic effect on SeFe levels. The results suggest that short term physical training in college-age women does not significantly lower SeFe levels.
Adult↗