[Pain and sensation disorders after parotidectomy].
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Postoperative disturbances of sensory nerve function after dentoalveolar surgery imply forensic problems. Also the indication of microsurgical reconstruction will be discussed in these cases as well. Both questions can only be seen on the background of data material concerning those nerve complications. Therefore a clinical prospective study on functional disturbances of the inferior alveolar as well as the lingual nerve after dentoalveolar surgery in 1.107 cases was undertaken. Concerning the inferior alveolar nerve 2.2% of temporary functional disturbances were assessed while 1.4% of temporary functional disturbances for lingual nerve were found. Complete restoration of sensory function was found three months postoperatively in 20% of these cases and six months postoperatively in the remaining patients.
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In addition to the well known paraplegia or tetraplegia, lesions of the spinal cord frequently cause a series of disturbances of sensation in the segments around or distal to the lesion. Disturbances of sensation in spinal cord lesions are painful or non-painful. The painful and also the non-painful sensations may represent irritative and withdrawal phenomena. A series of central neurogenic pains seem to be best explained by spontaneous neuronal activity in sensory spinal cord neurones which have lost the peripheral, segmental and descending neuronal control from the nervous system. Surgical treatment of pain in cases of spinal cord lesions is rarely considered apart from root-avulsion where surgical lesion in the superficial part of the posterior horn is effective. No specific treatment is as yet available for pain and disturbances of sensation in cases of spinal cord injury. However, on the basis of our limited knowledge of the pathogenesis of these symptoms, future therapeutic strategy will be directed towards not only the peripheral but also the central points of attack. Treatment of painful conditions in patients with spinal cord injuries, as in other states of chronic pain, should also include social and psychological support.
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Sensation is achieved through the integration of many neural elements: receptors, afferent and efferent neurons, the spinal cord with its subdivisions, and the higher brain centers. One of the many sensations perceived by the human body is that of pain or nociception. To understand the concept of "back pain" associated with various spinal pathologies, some basic knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of sensation, and more specifically nociception, is necessary. This knowledge is presented herein.
Endogenous psychoses are pathological disorders of time sensation. Disorders generally classified as "mental insanity", "mental illness" or "psychoses" are disorders involving time. The mind can become derailed or go astray on the lines of time consciousness. Mental and biological life are inseparably interlinked on the basis of time, and will be apprehended by perception and experience as a uniform structure within the co-ordinates of space and time. In this manner, the "Body and Soul" problem loses the character of an insoluble riddle.