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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

A second locus for the 5S multigene family in Secale L.: sequence divergence in two lineages of the family.

The 5S RNA genes in Secale sp. are arranged as tandem arrays of a 460- and 480-bp repeating sequence. These size classes were initially discovered by restriction endonuclease analysis using BamHI and subsequently by DNA sequencing of cloned units. The length variation between short and long units originated from major deletion-insertion events in the noncoding spacer region of the 5S DNA repeat units. In situ hybridization with [3H]cRNA and biotin-labelled probes synthesized from both the short and long 5S DNA units of S. cereale localized the sites on chromosome 1R and a new site on a chromosome identified as 5R. We propose that the chromosome 1R locus, which has been mapped previously, be named 5SDna-R1 and the second locus, reported in the present paper, be referred to as 5SDna-R2. A preferential hybridization of a probe from the long unit to the 5SDna-R2 locus and of a probe from the short unit to the 5SDna-R1 locus is reported. The clustering of long units in the 5SDna-R2 locus was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion of DNA from rye chromosome 5R additions to wheat. Nucleotide sequence alignment of 5S DNA repeat units from a number of Secale species, using both phenetic and cladistic computer programmes, demonstrated that two clear lineages corresponding to the long and short units existed in this genus. The different Secale species could not be unambiguously differentiated using the 5S DNA sequences.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2025

The complete chloroplast genome of Secale strictum ssp. strictum provides insights into Triticeae evolution and breeding.

The complete chloroplast genome of Secale strictum ssp. strictum (Poaceae: Triticeae) was sequenced and analyzed to support its use in rye and wheat breeding. The genome is 137,063 bp long and includes a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 21,580 bp each) that separate the small (SSC; 12,817 bp) and large (LSC; 81,086 bp) single-copy regions. It contains 113 genes: 74 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, four rRNA genes, and five conserved open reading frames. A total of 42 repeat sequences were identified, mainly in the LSC region, with direct repeats being most common. All mononucleotide SSRs consisted of A/T motifs. Seven highly variable regions were identified, offering potential as molecular markers for species identification and phylogenetic studies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 73 protein-coding genes confirmed the systematic placement of the species and showed that S. strictum ssp. strictum is closely related to S. cereale and other S. strictum accessions. This study presents the first complete plastome of S. strictum ssp. strictum, now available as a reference genome under GenBank accession number OL979486.

Genome, Chloroplast↗
PubMed1977

Decline in ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis with loss of viability during the early hours of imbibition of rye (Secale cereale L.) embryos.

A decline in protein synthesis and slow germination accompanies loss of viability in embryos of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains. Associated with this, incorporation of precursors into all the major classes of RNA is decreased and the processing of precursor rRNA to 25S and 18S RNA is retarded. Embryos that just reach 0% viability still synthesize some low-molecular-weight non-nucleolar material, although they do not synthesize protein. It is suggested that early-synthesized RNA could play a major part in determining the extent of protein synthesis at early germination, and thereby regulate the rate at which germination can proceed.

Plant Proteins↗
PubMed1987

The regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in rye (Secale cereale) roots. Stimulation of the nucleotide pathway by low temperature.

The incorporation of [14C]choline chloride and [14C]glycerol into segments taken from rye (Secale cereale L., cv. Rheidal) roots was greater in segments from roots grown at 5 degrees C than in segments taken from roots growing at 20 degrees C. The incorporation was measured at the temperature at which the root had been growing. Measurements in vitro of the enzymes of the nucleotide pathway showed activity of choline kinase (EC 2.7.1.32), choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.15) and cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) to be higher in homogenates from the cooler roots when assayed at 5 degrees C than the activities assayed at 20 degrees C in the 20 degrees C-root homogenates. Changes in vivo in the pool sizes of the CDP-base intermediates with temperature, relative differences in nucleotide-pathway-enzyme activities and a pulse-chase experiment with [14C]choline indicated that the rate-limiting step for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in this tissue, at both temperatures, was the reaction catalysed by cytidylyltransferase.

Choline↗
PubMed1990

Physical mapping of a low-copy DNA sequence in rye (Secale cereale L.).

A 900-base-pair (bp) sequence from a cDNA clone of the rye endosperm-storage-protein gene Sec-1 was labeled with biotin and hybridized to Secale cereale 'Blanco' chromosomes. Hybridization was seen on the satellite part of the short arm of chromosome 1R, where the Sec-1 gene has been genetically mapped, in approximately 8.5% of the cells analyzed. The clone cross-hybridized at a lower frequency to rye chromosome arms 1R (long) (4.4%) and 2R (short) (2.6%), where two additional rye storage-protein loci, Sec-3 and Sec-2, respectively, have been mapped. A fourth hybridization site was observed on the short arm of chromosome 6R at a frequency of 3.0%. The cross-hybridization is attributed to a combination of residual sequence homology between the protein loci and the low-stringency conditions used in in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization mapping, in combination with chromosome walking by using molecular techniques, is suggested as an excellent approach to physical mapping of chromosomes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of rye pollen (Secale cereale) allergens using patients' IgE, immunoprint, Western Blot and monoclonal antibodies.

Rye pollen (Secale cereale) was investigated by Immunoprint and Western Blot analysis. Using Immunoprint, more than 30 proteins could be shown to be allergens in terms of their IgE binding, and 9 were determined as major allergens. In Western Blot 17 allergens were discovered, 3 of them major allergens. 4 monoclonal antibodies raised against a pollen extract of 6 grasses showed cross-reactivity to rye pollen, thus indicating common epitopes. 1 of 3 monoclonal antibodies produced against an extract of rye pollen was only reacting to this pollen. Looking at the overall binding pattern of the 7 monoclonal antibodies, they showed partial identity to patients' IgE in Immunoprint and Western Blot. The possibility of defining epitopes using preparative isoelectric focusing and monoclonal antibodies is discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1978

Localisation of foldback DNA sequences in nuclei chromosomes of Scilla, Secale, and of mouse.

Foldback DNA, prepared from mouse and Scilla sibirica main band DNA, and from rye (Secale cereale) total DNA, was characterised by denaturation, renaturation, and electron microscopy. 3H-cRNA of this DNA was hybridised in situ to nuclei and chromosomes of the respective species. There is no universal labelling pattern among the three species. In mouse, highly repetitive foldback DNA is present in the whole chromatin including the satellite DNA-containing regions. In Scilla sibirica, on the contrary, the highly repetitive foldback sequences are excluded form the satellite DNA loci and are arranged in clusters in the remaining chromatin. In rye, there is a clear preferential labelling of the chromocenters in the interphase nuclei as well as metaphase chromosomes, indicating that highly repetitive foldback DNA is preferentially located among other highly repetitive sequences.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Physical organization of the 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the mitochondrial genome of rye (Secale cereale L.).

The mitochondrial 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of rye, plus a total of about 90 kilobase pairs of flanking DNA, have been cloned and maps of restriction enzyme cleavage sites have been constructed. Like their homologs from hexaploid wheat, the rye genes are closely linked and are part of a three-copy family of recombining repeats (the "18S/5S repeat"). The rye repeat probably also contains a mitochondrial tRNA(fMet) gene, which the wheat repeat is known to carry. However, despite the overall organizational similarity between the wheat and rye 18S/5S repeats in the immediate vicinity of their coding regions, extensive rearrangement of flanking sequences has taken place during evolutionary divergence of the two species. Our data provide additional support for an emerging picture of plant mitochondrial genomes as evolving much more rapidly in structure than in sequence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

High mutability in rye (Secale cereale L.).

Analysis of the rye cultivar Ailés of several descents derived from crosses between plants carrying specific genotypes and/or chromosome constitutions resulted in the detection of high chromosome (2.05 x 10(-2)) and gene (9.3 x 10(-3)) mutation frequencies. The existence of a transposon system responsible for this instability is suggested.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1975

Early ribonucleic acid synthesis during the germination of rye (Secale cereale) embryos and the relationship to early protein synthesis.

Incorporation studies with radioactive precursors showed that synthesis of protein and RNA is initiated in germinating embryos of rye within the first hour of imbibition of water. By polyacrylamide-gel fractionations of radioactive nucleic acid components, the appearance of products of transcription of the genome was shown to follow the sequence: heterogeneous (ribonuclease-sensitive) RNA, 4S and 5S RNA by 20min, 31S and 25S rRNA by 40min, and 18S RNA by 60min. "Fingerprint' analysis of T1-ribonuclease digests show that all the large oligonucleotides present in 25S and 18S RNA are present in the 31S species, indicating that 31S RNA is the precursor rRNA molecule to both 25S and 18S RNA. The importance of these early RNA syntheses and in particular the possible template function of the heterogeneous RNA is discussed in relation to the concept of long-lived mRNA and the coding for protein synthesis in the first hours of germination.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1991

Chromosome differentiation and pairing behavior of polyploids: an assessment on preferential metaphase I associations in colchicine-induced autotetraploid hybrids within the genus Secale.

Preferential chromosome association at metaphase I has been analyzed and compared in autotetraploid cells obtained by colchicine treatment of hybrid diploid rye plants with different degrees of chromosomal divergence between homologs. The tendency to identical over homologous, but not identical, pairing preferences detected when homologous partners are contributed by less related parental lines indicates that chromosome differentiation may play an important role on preferential pairing behavior of polyploids. However, associations between more similar (identical) partners are not always favored, thus suggesting that additional factors must be considered. Other hypotheses for explaining pairing preferences in competitive situations are discussed. No clear relationship has been found between multivalent frequencies at metaphase I and chromosome differentiation between homologs or preferential pairing behavior. Therefore evolutionary divergences among related genomes should be carefully stated when evaluated from metaphase I configuration frequencies.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1992

Allergens from rye pollen (Secale cereale). I. Study of protein release by rye pollen during a 19-hour extraction process. Allergen identification.

We have studied the proteins and allergens released by rye pollen in the course of a 19-h pollen incubation process. Nearly 40% of the total extracted proteins were collected during the first 5 min, and most of them had a molecular weight less than 28 kDa. Between 5 and 30 min, 15% of the proteins from total extract were released, showing in the SDS-PAGE analysis an increase in which components moved close to 30 kDa standard. From 30 min to 19 h several extracts were collected. Electrophoretical profile of components from these extracts reveals that bands moving below 28 kDa were practically absent and those of 28 and 23 kDa became very intense. At the end of the process there was a rise of 67 kDa proteins. Dot-immunobinding and immunoblotting techniques reveal that allergens leave the rye pollen, for the most part, after 5 min incubation and are proteins with 28 kDa, 33 kDa, 48 kDa and 67 kDa molecular weights.

Allergens↗
PubMed1992

Allergens from rye pollen (Secale cereale). II. Characterization and partial purification.

Rye pollen was incubated for 30 min and proteins extracted at this time were collected as extract A (EA). The same pollen grains were resuspended in buffer and incubated for 18.5 h. Proteins extracted in this period were designated extract B (EB). Both extracts were subfractionated by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography and allergen presence in peaks detected by the dot-immunobinding technique. The results reveal that unretained proteins (peaks 1 and 2) and proteins eluted at 0.2 M NaCl from extract B contain the highest proportion of allergens. SDS-PAGE of chromatographic peaks showed that peak 2 from extract B contains a highly purified 28 kDa band. On the skin of allergic patients this band gave a stronger positive prick test than for the crude extract.

Allergens↗
PubMed1976

Evidence for the nucleotide sequence of 5-S rRNA from the flowering plant Secale cereale (Rye).

Evidence for the sequence of rye 5-S rRNA was derived from the analysis of partial and complete enzymic digests of the 32P-labelled molecule. The probable sequence of 5-S rRNA from four other flowering plants was deduced by aligning, with the homologous sequences in the rye 5-S rRNA, oligonucleotides produced by T1 and pancreatic A ribonuclease digestion. The most dissimilar differed in only seven positions. From a comparison of the sequence of rye 5-S rRNA with those known for other types of organism, it was possible to distinguish some structural features of the molecule which are common to all of them. Also, information was obtained about the possible phylogenetic relationship of the flowering plants to other organisms whose 5-S rRNA has been sequenced.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

New Secale cereale (rye) DNA derivatives for the detection of rye chromosome segments in wheat.

Subcloning of a clone of the 120-bp family of rye, pSc119, has produced two extremely useful probes. pSc119.1 assays rye-specific dispersed repetitive sequence families. It is present on all seven rye chromosomes and hybridizes to the entire length of each chromosome, with the exception of some telomeres and the nucleolar organiser region. pSc119.2, in contrast, hybridizes predominantly to the telomeric regions of rye chromosomes, with some interstitial sites. Unlike pSc119.1, it assays similar repetitive sequence families in both wheat and rye chromosomes.

Chromosomes↗