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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Gastrointestinal disruption and vertebral fracture associated with the use of seat belts.

Seat belts have been shown to be beneficial in reducing the type and severity of injuries sustained in road traffic accidents. The association of vertebral and visceral injuries, although previously described, is rare. This and various other confounding factors may make diagnosis of the visceral injury difficult. We describe four cases of combined vertebral and visceral injury caused by the use of seat belts. The pathogenesis of the injury and subsequent management are discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1985

Seat belt legislation and seat belt use: effects on differences related to sex, social class and smoking.

As part of a larger study of preventive health behavior, 177 adults answered a question about how often they wore seat belts both before and after seat belt legislation was introduced in Britain. Analyses by smoking status, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) showed that all groups increased the frequency of self-reported seat belt use after the law was introduced. Regression analyses showed that before the law, SES, sex and general preventive behavior were significant predictors of seat belt use, while only SES was a significant predictor of post-legislation seat belt use. Overall the results suggested that seat belt legislation was effective in promoting seat belt use since most of the demographic differences were eliminated by the legislation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effects of nighttime seat belt enforcement on seat belt use by tavern patrons: a preliminary analysis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of police enforcement and the use of signs and posters in promoting seat belt use by nighttime tavern patrons. Ten taverns in two cities served as sites. Data were collected on the nighttime seat belt use of tavern patrons and daytime citywide seat belt use. Results indicated that the intervention increased nighttime seat belt use by tavern patrons. Daytime seat belt use increased in one city and remained at a high level in the other following the intervention. Because previous research has shown that tavern patrons are overrepresented in the impaired driving population, and that seat belt use decreases the likelihood of serious injury or death, results of this study suggest that enforcement of seat belt use could reduce casualties resulting from impaired driving.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1987

Seat belt legislation and seat belt effectiveness in the Federal Republic of Germany.

In 1976 belt usage was made compulsory for front seat passengers in the Federal Republic of Germany. Since 1984, noncompliance incurs a fine of DM 40. In 1984 belt usage was also made compulsory for back seat passengers (noncompliance not being fined). Following the introduction of the fines, the usage rates both for drivers and front seat passengers increased from about 60% to more than 90%. The number of car occupant fatalities has lowered considerably since the introduction of the fine (by about 25%). Approximately 15 to 20 percentage points of this change are probably due to this measure. Major injuries decreased noticeably as well, in particular injuries to the eyes. Belt usage on back seats is still unsatisfactory (20%), although here too, the effect on injuries of the belt is incontestable, taking into consideration occupant interaction.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

The use of seat belts in cars with smart seat belt reminders--results of an observational study.

UNLABELLED: Recently, smart seat belt reminders (SBR) have been introduced in cars. By increasingly reminding drivers and passengers if they are not using the seat belt, the intention is to increase the belt use to almost 100%. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study if there were differences in driver's seat belt use between cars with and without SBR. METHODS: Drivers of cars with and without SBR were observed concerning seat belt use. The case (cars with SBR) and the control group (cars without SBR) were similar in all major aspects except SBR. In all, more than 3,000 drivers were observed in five cities in Sweden. RESULTS: In cars without SBR, 82.3 percent of the drivers used the seat belt, while in cars with SBR, the seat belt use was 98.9 percent. The difference was significant. In cars with mild reminders, the use was 93.0 percent. CONCLUSION: It is concluded, that if the results can be generalised to the whole car population this would have a dramatic impact on the number of fatally and seriously injured car occupants.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed2001

Use of seat belts in cars with different seat belt reminder systems. A study of injured car drivers.

The use of seat belts in cars with different seat belt reminder systems was analyzed in a population of 477 injured car drivers, transported by ambulance to Umeå University Hospital after car crashes. The ambulance personnel acted as independent observers regarding the use of seat belts. In this population the non-users were significantly (multivariate logistic regression) fewer (12%) in cars with a combined light and sound reminder, compared to cars without reminder (23%). In cars with only a light signal the proportion of non-users was the same as in cars without any reminder at all. An introduction of more effective reminders, at least in new cars, might be an effective way to increase seat belt usage rates in the long-term.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

The effects of mandatory seat belt legislation on self-reported seat belt use among male and female college students.

The effect of seat belt legislation on self-reported seat belt use among male and female college students was investigated. Questionnaires inquiring about seat belt use were administered to college students on three separate occasions: (i) two months prior to the time a mandatory seat belt law went into effect, (ii) two months after the law went into effect, and (iii) 16 months after the law went into effect. Reported seat belt use increased significantly for male and female college students two months after the law took effect. At 16 months postlaw, reported seat belt use remained high for female students but declined almost to the prelaw level for males. Possible reasons offered for these findings are that male college students may be more resistant to having their behavior regulated and, therefore, less likely to internalize changes forced on them, and college-age males may be more inclined to engage in risk-taking behavior than college-age females. The importance of considering males and females separately with respect to seat belt use and interventions designed to increase seat belt use is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Parents and childrens attitudes to seat belt usage and knowledge of seat belt law.

Knowledge of and attitudes to seat belt laws and the perception of risk were examined in a cohort of 1139 children and their parents. Seven hundred and thirty questionnaires were obtained from interviewing a sample of 13-year-olds and 805 questionnaires were obtained by mail from the parents. Most children (98%) and parents (99%) had correct knowledge of the law relating to the front seat. Fewer children (77%) and parents (80%) gave the correct response for the rear seat. Nearly all children (96%) and parents (99%) correctly identified the front seat unbelted as the most dangerous combination, but only 72% of children and 70% of parents identified the safest place to travel. There was parental support for a law requiring owners to fit rear seat belts and for a law requiring children of all ages to be restrained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Seat belt law enforcement and racial disparities in seat belt use.

BACKGROUND: Numerous reports have documented a lower prevalence of seat belt use among blacks in the United States, compared with whites. Limited data suggest that black-white disparities in states with primary seat belt laws (motorists can be stopped and cited solely for violating a seat belt law) are less marked than in states with secondary laws (motorists can be cited for violating a seat belt law only if stopped for another offense). METHODS: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System were analyzed in 2005 to compare seat belt use among 11,574 blacks and 73,639 whites aged 16 or more years killed in crashes from 1999 to 2003 in 33 states with a primary or secondary adult seat belt law and annual reporting of race for 80% or more of decedents. After stratification of states by type of seat belt law, logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for seat belt use among blacks, relative to whites, with adjustment for age, gender, seat position, urban/rural region, and income. RESULTS: Odds ratios and 95% CIs for seat belt use among blacks were 1.05 (0.97-1.13) and 0.89 (0.83-0.95), in primary- and secondary-law states, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Black-white disparities in seat belt use were mitigated in states with primary seat belt laws. Only 24 states have primary laws. Enacting primary laws in other states might reduce or eliminate racial disparities in seat belt use.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Why don't more Israelis wear seat belts in the back seat?--a possible explanation.

BACKGROUND: Most Israelis wear seat belts in the front seat of automobiles; most do not wear them in the back. A possible explanation is considered, that Israelis believe seat belts to be less necessary in the back, and that this is related to the relative discrepancy in seat belt use. METHOD: A telephone survey of 1148 Israeli adults was conducted in September 1996, using random-digit dialing. RESULTS: On a six-point scale of perceived risk, respondents rated seat belts as more necessary for passengers in the front than in the back seat [D = 0.6, SD = 1.0, t (873) = 18.3; p < .001]. Moreover, respondents' self-reported use of seat belts in the back seat (35% overall) was significantly higher among respondents who believed seat belts in the back to be necessary [46%; chi 2 (N = 882, df = 2) = 20.6; p < .001)], yet was not significantly higher among respondents who believed wearing seat belts in the front to be necessary [38%; chi 2 (N = 903, df = 2) = 3.8; p > .05)]. Respondents' reports of buckling their children in the back seat (55% overall) were significantly higher among respondents who believed seat belts in the back to be necessary [62%; chi 2 (N = 309, df = 2) = 7.0; p < .05)], yet were not significantly higher among respondents who believed wearing seat belts in the front to be necessary [57%; chi 2 (N = 313, df = 2) = 0.9; p > .05)]. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a potentially effective strategy in Israel for promoting the use of seat belts in the back seat of automobiles should include convincing the public of the necessity of wearing seat belts in the back, by increasing the perceived risk of injury to back seat passengers.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2002

Management of seat-belt syndrome in children. Gravity of 2-point seat-belt.

We present our experience with a management of seat-belt syndrome in three children and draw particular attention to the severity of two-point fixation seat-belt injuries after a motor vehicle accident with 5 passengers whose vehicle was struck head-on by an oncoming vehicle. The parents were sitting in front, Adeline had a 2-point lap seat-belt, the 2 other children had 3-point seat-belts. The parents both had humerus fractures. The 4-year-old brother suffered a cervical and abdominal trauma with renal and splenic contusions and intestinal perforations. Adeline suffered multiple injuries, notably to the head, spine and abdominal viscera with erosions at the site of lap-seat-belt contact. The spinal injury was an L2 angular Chance fracture associated with paraplegia on the 7th day. Operative findings included a transverse tear of the left rectus abdominus muscle, an incomplete transection of the stomach and perforation of the ileum. The injuries were ultimately fatal. Given associated abdominal pain, skin erosions at the site of seatbelt contact, spinal fracture, and rectal muscle disruption apparent on emergency laparotomy, early diagnosis is important for better prognosis.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of seat belt use among reproductive-aged women and prenatal counseling to wear seat belts.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of counseling to wear seat belts during pregnancy and seat belt use among women of reproductive age. STUDY DESIGN: Self-reported data from 2 population-based surveys were used to examine counseling to wear seat belts during pregnancy and seat belt use among reproductive-aged women. RESULTS: The prevalence of counseling to wear seat belts during pregnancy ranged from 36.7% to 56.5% across 19 states. The prevalence of seat belt use among reproductive-aged women ranged from 69.5% to 91.4% across 19 states. Younger, non-Hispanic black, and less educated pregnant women were more likely to report counseling, but reproductive-aged women with these characteristics were less likely than older, non-Hispanic white, and more educated women to use seat belts. CONCLUSION: Most women are not counseled about seat belt use during pregnancy. Providers should ensure that this topic is discussed with each patient.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

Car starting sequence and seat belt reminders.

Seat belt reminder systems use visual and auditory signals to encourage seat belt use. A sample of drivers reported the order in which they usually performed the operations necessary to enter and start a motor vehicle. They also reported the point at which they fastened their seat belts. The results were used to recommend the point of reminder signal deployment most suited to the existing habits of vehicle drivers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Seat belt use and accident involvement: a comparison of driving behavior before and after a seat belt law.

In an earlier study, researchers at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center found drivers classified as seat belt nonusers on the basis of direct observation and self-reported belt use to be overrepresented in prior accidents and violations. This study represents a follow-up and extension of the earlier study where accident and violation rates over a 2.5-year interval following the classification by seat belt use status are compared. Seat belt nonusers were again found to be overrepresented in both accidents and violations. In other analyses of these data, changes in seat belt use status were found not to be associated with changes in accident or violation rates, and seat belt use rates reported by police in accidents following the mandatory seat belt law greatly exceeded both the observed and self-reported use rates. This was especially pronounced for drivers who responded that they rarely or never used seat belts.

Accidents, Traffic↗