Razor blade sculpturing and razabrasion versus scalpel sculpturing and scalpelabrasion.
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Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
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[Model creation in art therapy. A sculpture project at a psychiatric clinic].
Therapeutic modelling has found little attention in the literature. For the first time, the present article reports about sculptural work in psychiatric art therapy. Since 1994 the Psychiatric Hospital Kilchberg/Zürich is carrying out a sculpture project, in which about 30 patients work with sand- or limestone for 2 1/2 hours daily, cared for by eight therapists and protected by detailed safety regulations. At the beginning and the end of each afternoon the patients stand in a circle to communicate inner mood and ideas about the work. An exposition at the end of the project gives the opportunity to demonstrate the sculptures to family, friends and clinical staff. Until now there have been only positive experiences, which speak in favour of a wider use of sculpture in psychiatric art therapy. Sculptural work stimulates the vitality of the patients, who are challenged to use their willpower adaptedly and rhythmically. Especially on patients with autodestructive tendencies sculptural work seems to exert a beneficial influence.
Adolescent↗
Mask lift and facial aesthetic sculpturing.
Paul Tessier started the great adventure of sculpturing the malformed face more than 30 years ago. Key procedures such as subperiosteal dissection and lifting of the facial mask, bone grafting from a cranial site of harvest, and lateral canthopexies have been utilized and have withstood the trial of time in thousands of patients. The mask lift with facial aesthetic sculpturing, a newcomer in aesthetic surgery, is an extrapolation of these craniofacial procedures. It is a different and revolutionary approach to the aging face that seeks to normalize, rejuvenate, and embellish the face through a subperiosteal lift of the facial mask and transformation of the underlying structures. Facial aesthetic sculpturing refers to the aesthetic sculpturing of the facial skeleton. It allows us to equilibrate the components of a malformed face and normalize it by osteotomies, displacements in three dimensions, and bone overgrafting; to normalize the forms of an unattractive face and to embellish it by harmonization of the skeletal volume; and to restore the forms of an aging face and to rejuvenate it by augmenting resorbed bone, reducing hypertrophic bone, and lifting the facial mask. My experience includes 350 patients operated on from 1981 to 1992, of these, 200 cases were purely aesthetic, 150 functional. The complications encountered have been few. The technique described offers an appropriate response to the different problems of aging and embellishment of a face, whether for reequilibration of osseous volumes or for sagging of soft tissues of the superior two-thirds of the face. Facial aesthetic sculpturing finds application also in some malformations and acquired deformities and in young faces with unsightly features.
Aged↗
Some notes on the use of family sculpture in therapy.
Therapists learning to use family sculpture as a tool often find difficulty in exploiting the technique to its fullest. This article, designed to encourage therapists to take the risks involved in using a technique new to them, describes how the author and his cotherapists used sculpture in three cases in different ways. In each case, the author explains how the therapists made the choices involved in directing the therapeutic process. He suggests that even when a sculpture itself seems to have failed to produce useful information, it can elicit from clients signals that will indicate opportunities for effective use of other techniques and that a sculpture, once used, can be restaged to reinforce client behavior change.
Art↗
Degas's sculptures--three-dimensionality and action.
The psychological self is formed largely by the steady accretion of forms of organizing experience. Outside of the interpersonal realm, these formal and categorical modes of organization can be incorporated through cyclical, continuous, and episodic interaction with modes of cultural expression, such as art, music, and poetry. Degas's sculptures, a highly experimental and personal section of his overall work, have particular formal modes of organization unique to this artist and to his particular era. Formal principles unique to Degas sculpture include the ways he rendered sculpted surfaces, masses in a state of action, and uniquely collaged materials. Degas's sculptures are proto-cinematic because they depict a brief instant in time, as opposed to a more prolonged narrative episode. Empathic, though unconscious, identification with the formal principles of Degas's sculptures shapes in the viewers ordering principles in the self that govern reactions to the vicissitudes of living, object relations, the sense of mortality, and the accomplishment of a sense of agency significant and consequential to the modern era.
Famous Persons↗
Enlargement and sculpturing of a small and deformed glans.
PURPOSE: We present 2 techniques of enhancement and sculpturing of a small and/or deformed glans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The small glans in primary or re-do hypospadias repair was enhanced by longitudinal double-faced island flaps incorporated onto the ventral side of the glans between the glans wings. The deformed glans, of small or normal size (with normal urethra or well functioning neourethra), was enlarged and sculptured by injection of hydrogel. Between May 1997 and March 2002, 27 patients underwent glans enhancement and sculpturing. Small deformed glans occurred after failed hypospadias repair in 10 patients, penile trauma in 3, hemangioma sclerozation in 2, primary hypospadias in 8 and normally developed penile body in 4. A double-faced island flap was performed in 14 patients, glans was enhanced by hydrogel injection in 9 and both procedures were performed in 4. RESULTS: Mean followup was 34 months for the double-faced flap technique 17 months for hydrogel injection. Satisfactory enlargement and esthetic appearance were achieved in 13 of the 14 patients who underwent the double-faced flap technique and 1 required surgical correction. Of the 9 patients who underwent either single or multistage hydrogel injection 8 had good results and 1 required partial removal of hydrogel after hypercorrection. The combination of these 2 techniques provided satisfactory results in all 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Enlargement and sculpturing of a small deformed glans are challenging and difficult. A double-faced island flap and/or injection of hydrogel resolves this problem satisfactorily.
Adolescent↗
Occupational exposure to airborne solvents during nail sculpturing.
This study describes occupational exposure to acrylates and other solvents during nail sculpturing, including comparative measurements of the exposure using four different sculpturing methods: The acrylic method, the UV-gel method, the acrylic powder method and the resin method. Thirty-two nail technicians working in 22 different salons participated in the study. In total, 92 measurements were performed, comprising 70 solvent measurements and 22 measurements of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate. The solvents most frequently present in all samples were acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene and n-butyl acetate, measured in 96%, 94%, 91% and 81% of the samples, respectively. The study shows that the overall solvent exposure was low, with all measurements calculated as the additive effect (n = 70) below 20% of the OEL (arithmetic mean 0.06 and range 0.01-0.19). No statistically significant difference between sculpturing methods were observed (p = 0.05).
Acetates↗
Formable acrylic treatment for ingrowing nail with gutter splint and sculptured nail.
BACKGROUND: The treatment of choice for an ingrowing nail has been surgical rather than nonsurgical. Yet, surgical treatments are far from successful, cause pain and patient apprehension, and leave disfigurement. Further, there is misunderstanding about the disease pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the benefits of a noninvasive method of treatment for an ingrowing nail using gutter splint and formable acrylics and to present a current understanding of the disease pathophysiology. METHODS: From a total of 541 cases of ingrowing nails treated, full follow-up data were obtained between January 1979 and March 2002. Formable acrylic treatments were carried out in 106 cases treated with acrylic-affixed gutter splint, 17 cases with sculptured nails, and 28 cases in which the two treatments were combined. These were then compared with 233 cases treated with adhesive tape-attached gutter splint and the remainder with other conservative modalities. RESULTS: Acrylic treatment with gutter splint and sculptured nail was found to be vastly superior to the other methods described, especially in the ability to firmly affix the gutter splint and sculptured nail for the extended period required for treatment. The treatment leads to a complete remission with almost instant alleviation of pain, with no disfigurement, while allowing for the resumption of daily activities. CONCLUSION: Conservative methods utilizing formable acrylics are highly beneficial in the treatment of an ingrowing nail and should be viewed as the first treatment option.
Acrylic Resins↗
Sculpturing the glans in phalloplasty.
One of the goals of phalloplasty is the construction of an aesthetically appealing neophallus with a urethral meatus at its tip. Aesthetic considerations imply the creation of a glanslike structured tip. A review of the scarce literature on sculpturing of a glans is given. In cases in which microsurgical free-flap techniques are applied in our hospital, the glans is usually sculptured to its final appearance during the actual phalloplasty. If, on the other hand, an abdominal or inguinal skin flap is used, final sculpturing will be done as a subsequent separate procedure. From a review of the literature on this subject and from our experience, one may conclude that the Norfolk technique of coronal ridge and sulcus construction has best results. We consider Munawar's technique to be obsolete, since it tends to lead to flattening of the coronal ridge.
Female↗
Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art.
Archaeologists have always viewed the origin of figurative art as a crucial threshold in human evolution. Here I report the discovery of three figurines carved from mammoth ivory at Hohle Fels Cave in the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany, which provides new evidence for the appearance of figurative art more than 30,000 years ago. The finds include the oldest known representation of a bird, a therianthropic sculpture and an animal that most closely resembles a horse. The Aurignacian sculptures of the Swabian Jura belong to one of the oldest traditions of figurative art known worldwide and point to the Upper Danube as an important centre of cultural innovation during the early Upper Palaeolithic period.
Animals↗
[Body proportions in sculpture and painting. An anthropometric and historical essay (author's transl)].
Taking anthropometric mean values of the European population as a standard, we examined some proportions in representative sculptural and pictorial works of art. We established that the classical antique sculptures and those of Michelangelo and his school conform very closely to the European norm. Mid-Italian wooden crucifixes of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and early medieval European paintings of the Corpus Christi, on the other hand, display quite different proportions: exaggerated length of forearms, or torsos that are stunted in relationship to the legs. Proportions similar to these can be found in the art of the New Kingdom of the Egyptians, reflecting the physique of the Nubian population. We discussed the extent to which an artistic proportion is conditioned by style, imitation, racial aesthetic ideals, or anatomy of the ambient population.
Anthropology, Physical↗
Comparison of tissue effects with sculptured fiberoptic cables and other Nd:YAG laser and argon laser treatments.
The use of a fiber optic cable in contact with tissue results in a complex thermal interaction between the cable and the tissue. The effect of the laser-tissue interaction was investigated using sculptured quartz fiber optic cables, sapphire contact rods, and bare fiber optic cables attached to the Nd:YAG laser. The laser-tissue effects of the Nd:YAG and argon lasers were compared. Examination of treated animals showed there to be a significant difference between immediate and 48-hour thermal effects. The sculptured fibers created significantly less tissue damage than the sapphire contact tips, the 0.6-mm bare fiber, or the argon laser with a 0.3-mm bare fiber either with or without contact. All Nd:YAG laser contact treatments were less damaging than the argon laser treatments.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Characteristics of Nd:YAG sculptured contact probes after prolonged laser application.
This study analyzed the functional and structural characteristics of cone, hemisphere, and modified sculptured contact fibers (1,000 microns) after 1 hour of continuous Nd:YAG laser application. Continuous laser application was performed on live porcine tissue using 20 watts of power. The fiber's appearance under a microscope as well as the power output was recorded after 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes of continuous laser application. (N = 3 for each fiber). At time 0, all fibers transmitted from 49 to 56% of the initial 20 watts (W); power transmission decreased to less than 9% relative power transmission after 20 minutes and then plateaued. The fibers exhibited severe distortion and carbonization of the surface where laser had been applied with evidence of quartz melting and shattering after only 10 minutes. By 30 minutes of laser application, all three fibers were fractured and essentially indistinguishable from one another; moreover, the fibers exhibited similar power transmission, and cutting and coagulation activity, as determined by a panel of independent, double-blinded surgeons. These data lead us to conclude that 1) Nd:YAG contact laser effects result from thermal heating of the fiber tip with subsequent tissue injury, 2) the unique structural configuration of the fiber's sculptured tip are lost after several minutes of laser application without appreciable change in functional integrity, and 3) fibers may be manually fractured allowing for multiple uses without significant sacrifice of power transmission or surgical utility.
Aluminum↗
Lateral crus sculpturing in open rhinoplasty: the Delicate Alar Clamp.
The wide exposition obtained with the open approach in rhinoplasty allows a precise evaluation of size, morphology, thickness, and position of the alar cartilages. This precise intraoperative diagnosis has permitted the development and improvement of surgical techniques in nasal tip sculpturing. At the same time, many surgical instruments have been adapted or created for the external approach. We describe our preferred and most commonly selected sequence in primary rhinoplasty with emphasis on the nasal tip work. A new, personally developed instrument, named the Delicate Alar Clamp, utilized to hold and stabilize the lateral crus during measurement and sculpturing of the cartilage, is presented with the description of its technical characteristics and practical application.
Humans↗
Perionychial infections associated with sculptured nails.
Two cases of perionychial infections associated with the use of sculptured fingernails are presented. Both patients developed paroncyhia necessitating incision and drainage. One patient, a diabetic, had a concomitant subungual abscess and felon which required repeat drainage and debridement as well as intravenous antibiotics over an extended period for complete resolution. Sculptured fingernails may be risk factors for the development of digit infections through various mechanisms, and users of these cosmetic devices, especially diabetics and immunocompromised people, should be made aware of their potential for infectious complications.
Acrylates↗
The large flap sculptured facelift.
The large flap sculptured facelift is a redraping rather than a pinching or pulling operation. The skin flaps are redraped over the tightened, sculptured underlying fat-musculoaponeurosis. This procedure can be performed on a majority of patients with minimal complications.
Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
[Reconstruction of the external ear in children. Contribution of the clay model cartilage sculpture].
The use of rib cartilage graft in ear reconstruction gives good cosmetic results after the age of 8. However three main conditions must be taken into account: 1) a perfect framework sculpture; 2) good quality of the skin in order to provide a soft tissue free of scars and able to drape the framework in all the details of the sculpture; 3) a soft but useful succion system allowing a good coaptation between the framework and the skin without vascular damage. Most of the surgical failures are due to skin scars which compromise the elasticity of the cutaneous pocket. The authors recommend to wait until the age of 8 before any surgery in order to keep the skin intact and to let the ribs grow. The problem of hearing can be treated as secondary.
Cartilage↗
Costal cartilage sculpturing as an adjunct to augmentation mammaplasty.
Costal cartilage irregularities are a major component of most congenital thoracic-wall deformities. A significant number of patients with these cartilage irregularities may either refuse major reconstruction or in fact have disorders of insufficient magnitude to justify such endeavors. In patients undergoing augmentation mammaplasty, recontouring or sculpturing of these abnormal costal cartilages may correct or improve the underlying chest-wall deformity and thus enhance the final aesthetic result. This method has had application in mild to moderate asymmetrical cases of both pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum, thoracic hypoplasia (Poland's syndrome), isolated cartilage deformities, and spinal scoliosis. In our hands, the combination of cartilage sculpturing with submuscular augmentation mammaplasty is performed as an outpatient local anesthetic procedure requiring not more than 90 minutes.
Breast↗