Razor blade sculpturing and razabrasion versus scalpel sculpturing and scalpelabrasion.
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Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
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Mask lift and facial aesthetic sculpturing.
Paul Tessier started the great adventure of sculpturing the malformed face more than 30 years ago. Key procedures such as subperiosteal dissection and lifting of the facial mask, bone grafting from a cranial site of harvest, and lateral canthopexies have been utilized and have withstood the trial of time in thousands of patients. The mask lift with facial aesthetic sculpturing, a newcomer in aesthetic surgery, is an extrapolation of these craniofacial procedures. It is a different and revolutionary approach to the aging face that seeks to normalize, rejuvenate, and embellish the face through a subperiosteal lift of the facial mask and transformation of the underlying structures. Facial aesthetic sculpturing refers to the aesthetic sculpturing of the facial skeleton. It allows us to equilibrate the components of a malformed face and normalize it by osteotomies, displacements in three dimensions, and bone overgrafting; to normalize the forms of an unattractive face and to embellish it by harmonization of the skeletal volume; and to restore the forms of an aging face and to rejuvenate it by augmenting resorbed bone, reducing hypertrophic bone, and lifting the facial mask. My experience includes 350 patients operated on from 1981 to 1992, of these, 200 cases were purely aesthetic, 150 functional. The complications encountered have been few. The technique described offers an appropriate response to the different problems of aging and embellishment of a face, whether for reequilibration of osseous volumes or for sagging of soft tissues of the superior two-thirds of the face. Facial aesthetic sculpturing finds application also in some malformations and acquired deformities and in young faces with unsightly features.
Aged↗
Some notes on the use of family sculpture in therapy.
Therapists learning to use family sculpture as a tool often find difficulty in exploiting the technique to its fullest. This article, designed to encourage therapists to take the risks involved in using a technique new to them, describes how the author and his cotherapists used sculpture in three cases in different ways. In each case, the author explains how the therapists made the choices involved in directing the therapeutic process. He suggests that even when a sculpture itself seems to have failed to produce useful information, it can elicit from clients signals that will indicate opportunities for effective use of other techniques and that a sculpture, once used, can be restaged to reinforce client behavior change.
Art↗
Sculpturing the glans in phalloplasty.
One of the goals of phalloplasty is the construction of an aesthetically appealing neophallus with a urethral meatus at its tip. Aesthetic considerations imply the creation of a glanslike structured tip. A review of the scarce literature on sculpturing of a glans is given. In cases in which microsurgical free-flap techniques are applied in our hospital, the glans is usually sculptured to its final appearance during the actual phalloplasty. If, on the other hand, an abdominal or inguinal skin flap is used, final sculpturing will be done as a subsequent separate procedure. From a review of the literature on this subject and from our experience, one may conclude that the Norfolk technique of coronal ridge and sulcus construction has best results. We consider Munawar's technique to be obsolete, since it tends to lead to flattening of the coronal ridge.
Female↗
[Body proportions in sculpture and painting. An anthropometric and historical essay (author's transl)].
Taking anthropometric mean values of the European population as a standard, we examined some proportions in representative sculptural and pictorial works of art. We established that the classical antique sculptures and those of Michelangelo and his school conform very closely to the European norm. Mid-Italian wooden crucifixes of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and early medieval European paintings of the Corpus Christi, on the other hand, display quite different proportions: exaggerated length of forearms, or torsos that are stunted in relationship to the legs. Proportions similar to these can be found in the art of the New Kingdom of the Egyptians, reflecting the physique of the Nubian population. We discussed the extent to which an artistic proportion is conditioned by style, imitation, racial aesthetic ideals, or anatomy of the ambient population.
Anthropology, Physical↗
Comparison of tissue effects with sculptured fiberoptic cables and other Nd:YAG laser and argon laser treatments.
The use of a fiber optic cable in contact with tissue results in a complex thermal interaction between the cable and the tissue. The effect of the laser-tissue interaction was investigated using sculptured quartz fiber optic cables, sapphire contact rods, and bare fiber optic cables attached to the Nd:YAG laser. The laser-tissue effects of the Nd:YAG and argon lasers were compared. Examination of treated animals showed there to be a significant difference between immediate and 48-hour thermal effects. The sculptured fibers created significantly less tissue damage than the sapphire contact tips, the 0.6-mm bare fiber, or the argon laser with a 0.3-mm bare fiber either with or without contact. All Nd:YAG laser contact treatments were less damaging than the argon laser treatments.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Characteristics of Nd:YAG sculptured contact probes after prolonged laser application.
This study analyzed the functional and structural characteristics of cone, hemisphere, and modified sculptured contact fibers (1,000 microns) after 1 hour of continuous Nd:YAG laser application. Continuous laser application was performed on live porcine tissue using 20 watts of power. The fiber's appearance under a microscope as well as the power output was recorded after 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes of continuous laser application. (N = 3 for each fiber). At time 0, all fibers transmitted from 49 to 56% of the initial 20 watts (W); power transmission decreased to less than 9% relative power transmission after 20 minutes and then plateaued. The fibers exhibited severe distortion and carbonization of the surface where laser had been applied with evidence of quartz melting and shattering after only 10 minutes. By 30 minutes of laser application, all three fibers were fractured and essentially indistinguishable from one another; moreover, the fibers exhibited similar power transmission, and cutting and coagulation activity, as determined by a panel of independent, double-blinded surgeons. These data lead us to conclude that 1) Nd:YAG contact laser effects result from thermal heating of the fiber tip with subsequent tissue injury, 2) the unique structural configuration of the fiber's sculptured tip are lost after several minutes of laser application without appreciable change in functional integrity, and 3) fibers may be manually fractured allowing for multiple uses without significant sacrifice of power transmission or surgical utility.
Aluminum↗
The large flap sculptured facelift.
The large flap sculptured facelift is a redraping rather than a pinching or pulling operation. The skin flaps are redraped over the tightened, sculptured underlying fat-musculoaponeurosis. This procedure can be performed on a majority of patients with minimal complications.
Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
[Reconstruction of the external ear in children. Contribution of the clay model cartilage sculpture].
The use of rib cartilage graft in ear reconstruction gives good cosmetic results after the age of 8. However three main conditions must be taken into account: 1) a perfect framework sculpture; 2) good quality of the skin in order to provide a soft tissue free of scars and able to drape the framework in all the details of the sculpture; 3) a soft but useful succion system allowing a good coaptation between the framework and the skin without vascular damage. Most of the surgical failures are due to skin scars which compromise the elasticity of the cutaneous pocket. The authors recommend to wait until the age of 8 before any surgery in order to keep the skin intact and to let the ribs grow. The problem of hearing can be treated as secondary.
Cartilage↗
Costal cartilage sculpturing as an adjunct to augmentation mammaplasty.
Costal cartilage irregularities are a major component of most congenital thoracic-wall deformities. A significant number of patients with these cartilage irregularities may either refuse major reconstruction or in fact have disorders of insufficient magnitude to justify such endeavors. In patients undergoing augmentation mammaplasty, recontouring or sculpturing of these abnormal costal cartilages may correct or improve the underlying chest-wall deformity and thus enhance the final aesthetic result. This method has had application in mild to moderate asymmetrical cases of both pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum, thoracic hypoplasia (Poland's syndrome), isolated cartilage deformities, and spinal scoliosis. In our hands, the combination of cartilage sculpturing with submuscular augmentation mammaplasty is performed as an outpatient local anesthetic procedure requiring not more than 90 minutes.
Breast↗
Sculpture preferences and personality traits.
Factor analyzed the preference ratings of 70 male and 70 female undergraduates for 36 slides of sculpture. A principal factors solution with orthogonal rotations yielded 6 factors: ambiguous abstraction vs. controlled human realism, mildly distorted representation, emotional detachment, traditional portraiture vs. surrealism, highly distorted representation, and geometric abstraction. Some of these factors were similar to the Apollonian, the Dionysian, and the Pythagorean dimensions previously postualted by Nietzsche and Knapp. Preference scores for each factor were computed and correlated with scores on the 16 PF and with selected educational and physical variables. A few small, significant (p less than .05) correlations were found, supporting the hypothesis that artistic style preferences resemble the personality traits of the spectator.
Art↗
Locomotor diseases in sculpture.
In the sculpture The Adoration of the Magi by the 13th century sculptor Arnolfo di Cambio deformities characteristic of arthritis may be seen in the hands of the central magus.
Arthritis↗
[The Trønderbonden sculpture at the Nidaros Domkirke. Who is he actually?].
The collections of Nidaros Domkirke contain a large uncrowned sculpture commonly called "Trønderbonden". The historical identity of "Trønderbonden" is not known. However, several anatomical observations, as yet not recognized, do suggest his identity. The position of the mouth and eyelid is skewed to the left, compatible with a left-sided facial paralysis. There is a defect on the left side of the neck, behind the ear and the mastoidal process of the temporal bone, indicative of a muscular injury. Such an injury might also have given rise to the facial paralysis. Altogether, these findings are compatible with and suggest that the head belongs to Erling Skakke, who ruled Norway from 1162 to 1179 AD. Erling suffered a blow to the neck in 1152, when he was a crusader, and after this could only carry his head askew.
Anatomy↗
Body sculpturing by lipo-suction extraction.
Classical open surgical contouring and sculpturing of the body has required significant scarring with long incisions and wide depressed scars. During the last decade, a small number of European surgeons have pioneered techniques for suction lipectomy. Illouz introduced the concept of lipolysis and blunt cannula extraction. The method described herein, which is termed lipo-suction, is a dry technique. No lipolytic solutions or local anesthetic solutions are injected. The technique relies on mechanical disruption and suction extraction of adipose tissue. The instrument is a rigid blunt-ended extractor with dull apertures. Postoperative care is a significant factor in reducing the rate of seroma formation to less than 1%.
Adipose Tissue↗
Correction of facial contour deformities with prefabricated sculptured implants.
Close collaboration between the ophthalmologist and ocularist is essential to achieve the best results in the correction of facial contour deformities with prefabricated, sculptured implants. We used previously described techniques to make such implants with RTV-382 silicone and methyl methacrylate resin to correct facial defects. One patient with bony defects of the forehead and superior orbital rim, and another patient with a superior sulcus deformity illustrate the value of these procedures.
Adult↗
Differentiation of vector species of phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Kenya by chorionic sculpturing of their eggs.
Chorionic sculpturing on eggs of Phlebotomus pedifer Lewis, Mutinga, and Ashford; the closely related Phlebotomus aculeatus Lewis, Minter, and Ashford (= P. elegonensis Ngoka, Madel, and Mutinga); and Phlebotomus martini Parrot was examined and compared by scanning electron microscopy. The eggs of P. pedifer had a general pattern of longitudinal ridges; those of P. aculeatus and P. martini exhibited intraspecific differences. Chorionic patterns of eggs were not reliable to differentiate these species. It is suggested that other methods of differentiation should be used on these species.
Animals↗
A computerized scoring procedure for the Kvebaek Family Sculpture Technique applied to families of children with rheumatic diseases.
A new computer-based quantification procedure was applied to data obtained from administering the Kvebaek Family Sculpture Technique (KFST) to 92 mothers of children with recent onset of rheumatic symptoms (median = 7 months). Four family configuration types (close, hierarchical, unspecified, and skewed) were defined on the basis of distance and structural parameters of the configuration. The types differed with regard to the childhood environment of the mother, chronic family difficulties, and the psychosocial functioning of the primary patient. Comparisons of the families of the mothers that did (n = 23) and did not (n = 69) wish a change of family configuration showed that the families of the mothers who wished change differed with regard to configuration types, distance variables, and psychosocial characteristics. The results are discussed in the context of structural family-systems theory. The computerized scoring procedure opens new possibilities for research about various family members' perspectives and assessment of changes in family configurations during therapy or over time.
Arthritis, Juvenile↗
FACES III and the Kvebaek Family Sculpture Technique as measures of cohesion and closeness.
In a longitudinal study of psychosocial factors in children with recent onset of rheumatic disease (N = 72), it was hypothesized that FACES III cohesion sum scores would be correlated with family closeness as measured by the Kvebaek Family Sculpture Technique (KFST). A second aim was to examine how these instruments were associated with semi-structured interview assessments of child and family psychosocial function, and whether these associations were linear or curvilinear. FACES III cohesion sum scores and KFST family mean interpersonal distance were not correlated, whereas the cohesion sum scores were related to the mother-father distance on the KFST. Where associations with child and family psychosocial function were found, they were linear. The results support the usefulness of a distinction between cohesion as a family or group characteristic and dyadic closeness, especially between the parent figures. The need for further conceptual clarification and more thorough empirical validation procedures in this area is emphasized.
Adaptation, Psychological↗