Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Screening--beneficial effects”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among commercial sex workers in Singapore from 1977 to 1993: the effects of screening measures.

This paper discusses the trend of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among commercial sex workers in Singapore. Various STD control measures were introduced in Singapore since 1976 to control STDs among commercial sex workers. Under a Medical Surveillance Scheme introduced in 1976, all commercial sex workers were encouraged to undergo regular STD screening and received treatment when found to be infected. As a result, the infection rates of various STDs among commercial sex workers have declined over the years. The infection rate for gonorrhoea has declined from 9% in 1977 to 1.7% in 1993. The chlamydia infection rate declined from 8% in 1992 to 4% in 1993. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rate among commercial sex workers under the Medical Scheme was less than 0.1%. The STD infection rate of commercial sex workers who did not participate in the Medical Scheme was much higher than those enrolled in the Medical Scheme. Our findings indicated the effectiveness of the Medical Scheme in controlling STDs among commercial sex workers.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induced abortion: microbiological screening and medical complications.

Preoperative cervical screening of 1,193 women undergoing first-trimester induced abortions yielded Chlamydia trachomatis in 11.7%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 0.8%, Mycoplasma hominis in 22.1%, Ureaplasma urealyticum in 10.1%, herpes simplex virus in 0.9% and Group B streptococci (GBS) in 2.9%. C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were especially frequent among teenagers. A total of 2.2% (26 women) developed postoperative pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and 0.9% (13 women) endometritis. PID developed significantly more often in untreated chlamydia-positive (22.7%), M. hominis-positive (8.1%) and GBS-positive (6.1%) women than in women without these microbes (0.5%) (p less than 0.05). Prompt treatment of the chlamydia infection before or in connection with the abortion procedure significantly decreased the likelihood of developing chlamydial PID from 22.7% to 2.1% (p less than 0.001). The study confirms the importance of preoperative screening for chlamydia and suggests screening for M. hominis and GBS as well. The results of screening should be available before the abortion, allowing patients to be treated pre- or peroperatively.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

Health gains from screening for infection of the lower genital tract in women attending for termination of pregnancy.

Infection of the upper genital tract after abortion is well recognised, but routine screening for infection before termination is rare, and few centres are aware of the prevalence of post-abortion complications in their population. We undertook a study to assess the prevalence and sequelae of genital-tract infection in patients undergoing termination of pregnancy and to estimate the costs and potential benefits of introducing screening and prophylaxis for the most commonly found organisms. The study in Swansea, UK, was of 401 consecutive patients attending for termination of pregnancy; only 1 patient refused to take part. Immediately before the termination procedure vaginal and cervical swabs were taken for microscopic examination and culture of Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and candida species. We sought Chlamydia trachomatis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 112 (28%) women had the typical bacterial flora of anaerobic (bacterial) vaginosis, 95 (24%) had candidal infection, 32 (8%) chlamydial infection, 3 (0.75%) trichomonas infection, and 1 (0.25%) gonorrhoea. Postoperative follow-up of 30 of the women with chlamydial infection showed that pelvic infection developed in 19 (63%), of whom 7 were readmitted to hospital. 9 male partners of women with chlamydial (plus gonococcal in 1 case) infection were examined; 8 were symptom-free, 3 had C trachomatis infection, and 1 N gonorrhoeae. Estimated costs of hospital admissions for complications of chlamydial infection were more than double the costs of providing a routine chlamydia screening programme and prophylactic treatment. Screening for chlamydial infection before termination of pregnancy is essential. Prophylactic treatment for both chlamydial infection and anaerobic vaginosis should also be considered. Male partners of women infected with chlamydia are often symptom-free, but they must be traced to avoid reinfections.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1998

High prevalence of chlamydia and Pap-smear abnormalities in pregnant adolescents warrants routine screening.

A prospective cohort of pregnant adolescent patients who planned to deliver at 1 of 3 Perth metropolitan hospitals was studied; 1 subgroup of this cohort was offered universal screening for cervical chlamydial infection and Pap-smear abnormalities (screened), and the remainder of the cohort were offered screening at the discretion of the attending medical staff (control). High prevalences of both chlamydial infection (27%) and Pap-smear abnormalities (38%) were detected in the screened cohort. The majority of Pap-smear abnormalities were inflammatory atypia, but high-grade Bethesda lesions were also diagnosed. In the control group, the prevalence of positive swabs and abnormal Pap-smear reports in those tested was also high (22% and 35% respectively), but significantly fewer patients were tested (18% and 33% respectively in the control group, compared to 92% and 94% in the screened group; both p<0.001). Screening and treatment of chlamydia was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of newborn febrile morbidity (10% versus 25%; p=0.02). In view of the high prevalence of positive results, it is cost-effective to offer universal screening in this setting. Failure to introduce a specific screening policy can result in a significant number of patients being denied the advantages of diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood safety.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1996

Cervical cancer control in developing countries: memorandum from a WHO meeting.

This memorandum summarizes the report of a WHO Consultation on the Control of Cervical Cancer in Developing Countries, held on 6-7 November 1994, in New Delhi, India. Evaluated was the current situation with regard to cervical cancer and the relevance of current practices in screening. New pragmatic approaches to cervical cancer were proposed that are relevant for developing countries; this includes empowerment of women to come forward, and visual inspection-"downstaging".

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1996

Trends in cervical cancer mortality in the Americas.

This article presents an assessment of cervical cancer mortality trends in the Americas based on PAHO data. Trends were estimated for countries where data were available for at least 10 consecutive years, the number of cervical cancer deaths was considerable, and at least 75% of the deaths from all causes were registered. In contrast to Canada and the United States, whose general populations had been screened for many years and where cervical cancer mortality has declined steadily (to about 1.4 and 1.7 deaths per 100,000 women, respectively, as of 1990), most Latin American and Caribbean countries with available data have experienced fairly constant levels of cervical cancer mortality (typically in the range of 5-6 deaths per 100,000 women). In addition, several other countries (Chile, Costa Rica, and Mexico) have exhibited higher cervical cancer mortality as well as a number of noteworthy changes in this mortality over time. Overall, while actual declining trends could be masked by special circumstances in some countries, cervical cancer mortality has not declined in Latin America as it has in developed countries. Correlations between declining mortality and the intensity of screening in developed countries suggest that a lack of screening or screening program shortcomings in Latin America could account for this. Among other things, where large-scale cervical cancer screening efforts have been instituted in Latin America and Caribbean, these efforts have generally been linked to family planning and prenatal care programs serving women who are typically under 30; while the real need is for screening of older women who are at substantially higher risk.

Adult↗