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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Anti-streptopolysaccharide antibody in children with rheumatic fever and scarlet fever.

As the serological test of streptococcal infection, the measurement of anti-exotoxin antibodies such as ASO is widely practiced. M protein of the cell wall of group A streptococcus has type specificity. To detect the anti M protein antibody is very significant, but it is not easy to apply this to clinical practice because there are many types and because of the difficulty of purifying M protein. C polypeptide has group specificity, so the measurement of the antibody to C polypeptide is very important as the serological test of group A streptococcus.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comprehensive review of morbidity and mortality trends for rheumatic fever, streptococcal disease, and scarlet fever: the decline of rheumatic fever.

This review of the medical literature reveals that the incidence of rheumatic fever has been declining for at least 150 years, preceding by many decades the use of penicillin as a preventive measure. Simultaneously, the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease has diminished. Streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections remain common but with reduced severity and fewer subsequent cases of rheumatic fever. Scarlet fever has become relatively benign, with low mortality. Whether recent sporadic outbreaks of rheumatic fever due to known rheumatogenic strains of group A streptococci will have a significant effect on morbidity and mortality trends remains to be seen. Relatively high rates of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in developing countries are difficult to evaluate because of irregularities in reporting and investigative procedures.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibiotic prophylaxis of immediate and late complications of scarlet fever].

Patients with scarlet fever were followed by clinical and laboratory investigation (bacteriologic and immunologic reactions, etc.), in relation with the early application, and the duration of penicillin therapy. The patients were also followed for a period of 30 days after discharge from the hospital. The results show a decrease in the number of early and late complications, as well as a reduction in the number of carriers of beta-haemolytic streptococcus in those patients in whom penicillin treatment was applied early, and when it was prolonged in the recovery period. The clinical and statistical data stress the pathologic morphology of scarlet fever, and the restructuration of complications when penicillin treatment is applied.

Glomerulonephritis↗
PubMed1989

Group C beta-hemolytic streptococci causing pharyngitis and scarlet fever.

After a young woman had scarlet fever associated with group C beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, we reviewed all cases of pharyngitis treated at a student health clinic during that semester. From 541 cases of pharyngitis, 34 cultures yielded group C Streptococcus. The patients who harbored group C organisms were similar to the patients with group A streptococcal pharyngitis in the presence of fever, exudate, and cervical adenopathy. The severity of symptoms and the demonstration of scarlet fever developing from infection with this organism supports antibiotic treatment of patients with group C streptococcal pharyngitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Staphylococcal enterotoxins in scarlet fever complicating chickenpox.

Two cases of scarlet fever are described, both following super-infection of chickenpox. Enterotoxin B and C producing staphylococci were the only pathogens identified. The role of staphylococcal and streptococcal toxins in the pathogenesis of scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome is discussed.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1992

[No connection between scarlet fever and gouty fever. Historical analysis from Ytre Nordhordland during 1862-1884].

In 1987 there was an unexplained increase in severe streptococcal diseases in Norway and other western countries. In Norway this increase was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in acute rheumatic fever. This study investigated the occurrence of scarlet fever and acute rheumatic fever in a rural district (approximately 15,000 inhabitants) of western Norway during the years 1862-1884. Four epidemics of severe scarlet fever occurred during this period. The local doctor treated 1,155 patients (96% children), of whom 154 (13.3%) died. Acute glomerulonephritis with subsequent kidney failure seems to have been a major cause of death. During the same period 76 patients (96% adults) were treated for acute rheumatic fever. These cases were not related to the severe epidemics of scarlet fever. It is probable that different, co-circulating strains of streptococci caused the infections, which were followed by glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. It is possible that rheumatic fever was caused by the strain that induced the more benign "Angina tonsillaris".

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1978

Findings of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains in scarlet fever.

From 48 out of 143 scarlet fever patients in the age range of 3-15 years, Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated in the course of hospitalization or convalescence (isolation rate 33.6%). Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) was produced by 19 (39.6%) of these isolates. The most frequent SE types detected were A (47.4%) and C (36.8%); type B was produced by 2 strains, type E by 1, while type D, or a combination of SE types, was not detected at all (by means of immunodiffusion in a micromodification). So far no significant correlation has been found between the clinical course of scarlet fever or accompanying complaints and presence of SE-positive S. aureus strains. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Surgical scarlet fever.

A case of surgical scarlet fever is described in a 57-year-old woman. Identification of beta-haemolytic streptococci and treatment with penicillin is essential to prevent spread of surgical scarlatina.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mucoproteinuria in complicated scarlet fever].

Mucoproteinuria, determined by Bugard's semiquantitative method, revealed values of 100-350 mg/24 h in common scarlet fever and of 300-882 mg/24 h in scarlet fever complicated by early nephritis, pseudorheumatism and acute diffuse glomerulonephritis. These alterations appear to lend support to the recent hypothesis concerning the mucoprotein substrate of the autoimmune mechanism in the complications of streptoccal infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[A dying clinical diagnosis of scarlet fever--the last sixteen years survey].

11,119 patients with scarlet fever admitted in the last sixteen years, from 1973 to 1988, to Sapporo City General Hospital, were studied statistically on symptoms and laboratory findings. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Annual number of patients have reduced suddenly since 1981, and become zero in 1989. The patients increased in number during the winter season. Eighty two percent of the cases were between 3 and 8 years of age, and the average age was 5.8 year-old. 2. Cases of above-38 degrees C temperature were seen in about 81.4%, and from 2 to 5 days-duration of temperature were seen in 86.6% of the patients in the year 1976. Cases of above-moderate rash were observed in 68.2%, sever redness of throat in 29.9%, strawberry tongue in 86.3% and angular stomatitis in 37.7% of the patients. In recent statistical analysis (1982-1988), we found, however, a tendency that patients having stronger symptoms were being introduced to our hospital. 3. The higher rates of cases showing elevated ASD titer were seen in the elder patients and in the winter. C-reactive protein (CRP) titers were mostly in the range of (-) to (greater than or equal to 6+), having 2.4 + on an average. 4. Patients who developed into overt nephritis were not seen. Cases of microscopic hematuria (greater than or equal to 3 red cells/f in urine sediments), however, were observed in 1.1% (125/11,119). Sever complications were hardly seen. 5. Reappearance of beta-hemolytic streptococci (on a week after discharge) were found in 3.1% (241/7,877). 6. Reinfection or relapse cases of scarlet fever were found in 6.7% (642/9,585).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Did scarlet fever and rheumatic fever exist in Hippocrates' time?

Case histories recorded by Hippocrates around 400 B.C. describe the clinical manifestations of scarlet fever and rheumatic fever, although the entities are not identified by name. Although the descriptions are not as detailed or complete as they would be today, they strongly suggest the existence of scarlet fever and rheumatic fever at that time. Hippocrates' references to these illnesses were presumably the first to be documented and/or discovered, as a thorough search of the worldwide medical literature revealed no prior descriptions.

Greece, Ancient↗
PubMed1988

Septic scarlet fever due to Streptococcus pyogenes cellulitis.

We report three cases of septic scarlet fever due to Streptococcus pyogenes Group A (serotype M1/T1/OF-) cellulitis in healthy young adults. Despite prompt treatment two of the patients died. Such cases of cellulitis associated with scarlet fever, severe toxaemia and septicaemia have not been reported in the post-antibiotic era.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The nitroblue tetrazolium test in scarlet fever (author's transl)].

The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test was originally used to diagnose chronic granulomatous disease in childhood. Now it is applied in the diagnosis of acute bacterial infectious diseases, too. The NBT reduction of neutrophils was tested in 27 children with scarlet fever using the modified technique described by K i m et al. The tests were performed in 24 patients between the second and fourth day of illness, before starting antibiotic treatment. In accordance with the results obtained by Humbert et al. in a series of patients with various infectious diseases, 83% of the investigated children showed NBT values of between 41% and 95% (mean value 72%). The percentage of NBT-positive cells was likewise raised in cases of recurrent scarlet fever. Children with scarlet fever complications had highly elevated NBT-reduction values. The control group, consisting of children without infectious diseases, showed values of between 28% and 66% (mean value 33%).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiologic dynamics of scarlet fever in Chile].

The monthly incidence of scarlet fever was studied by time-series analysis. Two types of periodic fluctuations were detected involving a bimodal short seasonal cycle and a long-term cycle whose period takes 5 years approximately. The interactions of the respiratory transmission mechanism, person to person contacts and environmental temperature would explain the seasonal cycle bimodality. The long-term cycle would be explained by asynchronic fluctuations of the fraction of population assigned to "cases" and "susceptibles".

Chile↗
PubMed1990

[A study on atypical scarlet fever].

An analysis of 135 cases of scarlet fever in Harbin Municipal infection hospital in 1987 was carried out. The patients of 0-15 years old were 75.65%, the males were higher than the females. All the patients had atypical clinical manifestation. 45.18% of them were no fever. 30.37% no angina and 40% no strawberry-like tongue. The 60 strains of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus were isolated from 129 cases (positive rate 46.51%). 49 strains of them were identified as Biotype identification was carried out in 28 strains of them. They are all Group A. 14, 6 and 6 strains as biotype 1, 4 and 8/25 respectively. The results of antibiotics resistant test showed that strains which were susceptible to ampicillin and cephalosporin were 81.58% and the strains of resistant penicillin were 21.05%. Some causes of atypical clinical manifestations were discussed.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1987

A comparative study of alteration in lymphocyte subsets among varicella, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, scarlet fever, measles, and Kawasaki disease.

Changes in the lymphocyte subsets of 13 patients with varicella, 5 with hand-foot-and-mouth disease, 4 with scarlet fever, 10 with measles and 20 with Kawasaki disease were examined by immunofluorescent flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte cell surface antigens. The results were compared with those of age-matched normal controls. A significant increase in the percentage of Leu-2a positive (Leu-2a+) cells was shown during the early convalescence of varicella, scarlet fever and measles. A significant decrease in the percentage of Leu-3a+ cells during the acute phase was common to all the diseases examined, and a significant decrease of Leu-4+ cells was observed except in measles. As a result, a significant decrease in the Leu-3a+/Leu-2a+ ratio was common to all the diseases examined during the acute and/or early convalescent phases. Leu-M3+ cells increased significantly in varicella, scarlet fever, and Kawasaki disease. HLA-DR+ cells increased significantly in varicella and Kawasaki disease. No significant changes in the proportions of Leu-7+, Leu-10+, and 2H7+ cells were found throughout the course of all the diseases examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Profiles of fourteen specific serum proteins in children with recurrent scarlet fever.

Venous blood samples were obtained from 42 children hospitalized for the recurrent episode of scarlet fever: immediately after admission and toward the end of one week's hospitalisation, after a three-week period and at a later control after four months. The 14 specific proteins were simultaneously quantitated in the serum specimens using radial immunodiffusion on antibodyagar plates. Antistreptolysin O titres were also determined and compared with the corresponding immunoglobulin levels. However, the titres showed only minor differences in various stages of illness the course of which was mild and without complications. Serum levels of prealbumin, albumin, alpha2HS-glycoproetin, transferrin and beta 2-glycoprotein I were found decreased at the acute clinical stage. Of the "negative acute phase reactants" prealbumin proved to be the most expressive one. Of a triad of "positive reactants" the largest relative increments showed haptoglobin, its increase was twofold of orosomucoid and that threefold of ceruloplasmin. C-reactive protein was increased almost in two thirds of patients on admission, but normalized in all cases about the end of the first week of penicillin therapy. No significant changes were found for alpha 2-macroglobulin. We could demonstrate significant rise and fall of IgD concentration in serum together with IgG, IgA, and IgM, all manifested the peak values already after one week's hospitalisation. In the recurrent episode of scarlet fever IgA showed significantly minor increments compared with the first illness.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1988

[Transient dilatation of the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts. A new aspect of bile duct involvement in scarlet fever].

An extra- and intra-hepatic bile duct dilatation has been observed in a child in the course of scarlet fever. Manifestations of cholestasis, cytolysis and inflammation were present. Pruritus disappeared within 2 months, biological abnormalities within 3 months and ultrasonic bile duct abnormalities between 3 and 6 months, with a follow-up of 9 months. This case report suggests a relationship between a transitory obstruction, possibly toxic in origin, of the bile ducts and the scarlet fever.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗