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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Condition of vehicles in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia has experienced an enormous growth in its motorization rate since 1970, and there has been a resultant increase of nearly 600 percent in traffic fatalities. The fatality rate (per 100,000 vehicles) has been found to be at least three times higher than that of most developed countries. One of the factors which may be contributing to the serious accident problem in Saudi Arabia is the poor condition of some of the vehicles. The main goal of this study was to investigate the socioeconomic determinants of vehicle condition, using data gathered in Saudi Arabia. Detailed information on the condition of vehicles and the characteristics of drivers were collected by roadside surveys in the Eastern Province. The results from 508 surveys indicated that: 1. The condition of vehicles was three to four times as bad as in some other states. 2. There was a strong relationship between driver characteristics and vehicle condition. Drivers who were poor, uneducated, and drove without a license were more likely to have unsafe vehicles than their counterparts who were rich, educated and had driver's licences. 3. On the average trucks and vehicles used for public transportation and the movement of goods, and vehicles owned by companies and the government, were in worse condition than other vehicles. 4. There were significant differences among certain makes of vehicles.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1994

The impact of live animal importation on the epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia imports annually more than 6 millions live ruminants for slaughter. The majority of these animals are imported from countries where foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is enzootic. Serotypes of FMD virus not incorporated in the vaccine currently used in Saudi Arabia (e.g. SAT1 and SAT2) are prevalent in some of these exporting countries, and in others, the prevalent serotypes of FMD virus are not routinely typed. The previous exposure of imported animals to field FMD virus in the countries of origin has been confirmed by the detection of precipitating antibodies against virus infection associated (VIA) antigen and neutralizing antibodies against serotypes O, A, C and/or Asia1 of FMD virus in the sera of some imported animals. However, no isolation of FMD carrier virus could be made from 209 proband samples collected from sheep and goats imported from countries where FMD is enzootic. The significance of the obtained results is discussed. Particular emphasis has been placed on the possibility of importing either carrier animals which might act as potential source of infection or subclinically infected animals which might actively excrete FMD virus. In addition recommendations are made to reduce the risks of introducing exotic FMD virus strains to the Kingdom through live animal importation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A study of health centers in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia is a developing country with a tremendous potential for growth and development. In an attempt to endorse Primary Health Care (PHC) concepts, it abolished all its former dispensaries and maternal and child health centers, and amalgamated their services into health centers that deliver PHC services. This expansion in centers development created a need for evaluation to assess the extent at which the new objectives are being achieved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resources available in three large health centers in Saudi Arabia, and determine consumers' satisfaction with the services provided. The study was conducted in the City of Riyadh. Three centers were chosen purposefully and the consumers of the respective centers were interviewed as to their satisfaction with the services provided. The results show that there was a discrepancy between the findings obtained from the centers' resources evaluation and those derived from the satisfaction portion. It is recommended that the Saudi Ministry of Health would upgrade its centers' resources, and that more studies would be conducted in the other centers of the country.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Sports injuries in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia has now a wealth of sporting facilities of which the youth of the country is making full use. A prospective study of sports related injuries was conducted during the twelve months of 1983. We present an analysis of 846 such injuries seen at the King Fahd University Hospital, Al Khobar. These injuries formed 8.36% of those who attended after an accident for emergency treatment, of which 63% were under 20 years. The majority was sustained during soccer games. The most frequent site of injury was the knee. We believe that specialised Sports Injury Clinics, initially based at the University Hospitals should be established here, to give guidance and education concerning avoidance of injuries, and for the treatment and follow-up of those injured and enable them to return to sports early.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Coccidia in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius) are infected with three species of Eimeria: E. dromedarii (28.4%), E. rajasthani (22.2%), and E. cameli (19.2%); 41.6% of the animals examined were positive. The highest prevalence of infection was reported in the western region of the country. Mixed infection with two Eimeria species is most common; E. dromedarii was most frequently and generally the most predominant species. Eimeria dromedarii and E. rajasthani are described for the first time from Saudi Arabian camels.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Coping with an affected birth: genetic counseling in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi parents who have received genetic counseling following the birth of a child affected by a neurometabolic disorder were interviewed during their visits to a specialist hospital. As is common in the West, understanding of heredity was often incompletely assimilated, and this was related to parental education level. Coping behaviors, however, were substantially different from those in the West. The wide range of attitudes recorded toward consanguineous marriage and future births was a reflection of the position of Saudi families in a society undergoing rapid change.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Causes and effects of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia.

In Saudi Arabia the motor vehicle is the main means of transportation. Between 1971 and 1997; 564,762 people died or were injured in road traffic accidents, a figure equivalent to 3.5% of the total population in Saudi Arabia. During this period 66,914 people have died on the roads in Saudi Arabia due to road accidents, amounting to one person killed and four injured every hour. Over 65% of accidents occur because of vehicles travelling at excess speed and/or drivers disobeying traffic signals. Of deaths in Ministry of Health hospitals, 81% are due to road traffic accidents and 20% of their beds are occupied by traffic accidents victims. Also, 79.2% of patients admitted to Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital with spinal injuries has sustained their injuries as a result of a motor vehicle accident. We recommend compulsory use of safety seat belts in vehicles and the setting up of a new database to collect, store and analyse information relating to the road traffic accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2026

HLA Allele and Haplotype Frequencies Among Registered Unrelated Donors in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

The Saudi stem cell donor registry (SSCDR) has successfully recruited over 92,000 unrelated potential stem cell donors through nationwide campaigns. The Western region of Saudi Arabia is characterized by its unique ethnic diversity, shaped by centuries of immigration and pilgrimage. This study aimed to determine the distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes among donors from this region. A total of 1112 donors registered with SSCDR were included, all recruited during campaigns conducted in the Western region between 2019 and 2021. Participants provided ancestry information to confirm their city of origin. High-resolution HLA typing for loci A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 was performed using sequence-based typing (SBT). Allele and haplotype frequencies were estimated for each subgroup using Arlequin 3.5 software. Distinct haplotype patterns were observed across cities. The most common haplotypes in the 1112 potential stem cell donors in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia were HLA-A*02:01∼C*07:02∼B*07:02∼DRB1*15:01∼DQB1*06:02 and HLA-A*02:01∼C*06:02∼B*50:01∼DRB1*07:01∼DQB1*02:01 in Jeddah; A*23:01∼C*06:02∼B*50:01∼DRB1*07:01∼DQB1*02:01 in Al-Madinah; HLA-A*26:01∼C*07:02∼B*08:01∼DRB1*03:01∼DQB1*02:01, HLA-A*30:01∼C*06:02∼B*13:02∼DRB1*07:01∼DQB1*02:01 and HLA-A*02:01∼C*06:02∼B*50:01∼DRB1*07:01∼DQB1*02:01 in Makkah; HLA-A*02:01∼C*15:02∼B*51:01∼DRB1*13:01∼DQB1*06:03 and HLA-A*02:01∼C*07:02∼B*07:02∼DRB1*15:01∼DQB1*06:02 in Al-Baha; and HLA-A*31:01∼C*15:02∼B*51:01∼DRB1*13:01∼DQB1*06:03 in Taif. HLA data are available in the Allele Frequencies Net Database (AFND: 3854, 3855, 3856, 3857 and 3858) under the population name 'Saudi Western Region'. In western Saudi Arabia, HLA allele and haplotype distributions demonstrate marked city-specific variation. Our research identifies DR7-, DR13- and DR15-based haplotypes as the most prevalent across the region. These findings are critical for optimizing unrelated donor searches for patients lacking compatible familial matches. Understanding these local frequencies allows for more targeted recruitment and better matching probabilities in stem cell registries.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

C.N.S. tumors in eastern Saudi Arabia.

In Saudi Arabia, there were no attempts previously to describe a population based frequency or incidence, particularly so the age adjusted incidence of various CNS tumors. This paper presents the primary CNS tumors from a population based tumor registry over two years period, from January 1987 till December 1988. There was a total of 85 cases representing 5.4% of the total captured cases (1,568 cases of malignant tumors at all sites). The population of the Eastern Province is estimated to be 1.37 million, the Saudis forming 80% of the total population. Out of the 85 cases captured over two years, there were 64 cases diagnosed in indigenous Saudi population forming 75%. The remaining occurred in non-Saudi residents. The male/female ratio in Saudis was 1:1.1 with a slight predominance of the female, while the reverse is true in the non-Saudis (2:1). The total captured cases per annum is 43, making the incidence of primary CNS neoplasms in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia 3.1/100,000 of all the population and 2.9/100,000 in Saudi nationals. Comparing this incidence to the international figure, it was clear that it is far less than the incidence reported from North America and Europe, particularly in the Caucasian population, but similar to incidences reported in the Chinese, black Americans, Romanians and Yugoslavians, but certainly less than the Ashkenazi or Safari Jews, and slightly higher than the incidence reported in Japan and Southeast Asia. Malignant brain tumors of various types dominated the primary CNS neoplasms reported over these two years forming 69% of the cases and 52% of the primary brain tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A study of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia.

In Saudi Arabia, with its rapid expansion of road construction and increase in the number of vehicles, road traffic accidents are becoming a serious public health problem. The object of this paper is to discuss the magnitude of this problem and to compare the situation with that of other rich, developing countries which have also had rapid expansion of road construction and increase in the number of vehicles. It appears that Saudi Arabia has lower accident rates but higher casualty and fatality rates than Kuwait.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Haematological aspect of malaria in a population based hospital, Saudi Arabia.

In Saudi Arabia, although the malaria is nearly extinct from urban areas, anophelines breeding however still exists in the coastal and oasis regions of the Kingdom. Imported cases of malaria are also seen as the country continues to employ a large expatriate work force from malarious countries. Data were analysed on 69 malaria patients (35 Saudis; 34 non-Saudis) to assess the haematological and clinical manifestations. Two types of malaria, P. falciparum and P. vivax were mainly present. Anemia was the significant finding in patients with P. falciparum (P = 0.0060). Approximately (32/69) half of the patients had Hb < or = 12 g/dl and among these included 15 cases (22%) with Hb < than 9 g/dl. White blood counts were near normal or mildly decreased despite of high fever. Moderate to severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < or = 160 x 10(9)/L) was seen in 57% of the patients and in 10 cases the counts were appreciably low (< 60 x 10(9)/L). Thrombocytopenia correlated with splenomegaly. The palpable spleen was felt in approximately half of patients with P. falciparum. Findings of this study suggest that in Saudi Arabia we will continue to see malaria cases occasionally, however it is important to become aware of the treatment, as many patients who originated from the third world malarious zones, failed to respond to chloroquine therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

International forum: Saudi Arabia. Donor screening for HTLV-I in Saudi Arabia: is it cost effective?

After screening over 100,000 blood donations for the presence of anti-HTLV-I antibodies, a final prevalence of 0.0038% was established in a multinational donor population. Among 38,201 donations by Saudi Arabian donors, the prevalence was found to be 0.0052%. Fifty-eight donors were found to be repeat reactive in the EIA screen test, but only 6.9% of these (n = 4) were truly infected with HTLV-I as judged by the Western blot result. These results indicate that Saudi Arabia is non-endemic for HTLV-I as well as HTLV-II. The cost effectiveness of screening for HTLV-I in healthy blood donors from this area is highly questionable. Calculations point to a final risk of a case of post-transfusion HTLV-I associated disease of approximately one per 100 years at the current level of activity.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1986

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Saudi Arabia. The American-Saudi connection.

Two Saudi Arabian patients, one adult and one child, developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 2 1/2 and 3 1/2 years after blood transfusion. Both patients received blood imported from the United States in 1981. These are the first cases reported in Saudi Arabia. Since an undetermined number of Saudi patients have received blood imported from the United States, an outbreak of AIDS in Saudi Arabia might prove to be a serious problem in the near future. Measures such as limiting the importation of blood products from countries with a high incidence of AIDS and screening for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III should be taken to stop the spread of this fatal disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Immunologic hyporesponsiveness to serogroup C but not serogroup A following repeated meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccination in Saudi Arabia.

In Saudi Arabia, vaccination with the meningococcal A/C polysaccharide (MACP) vaccine is advised every 3 years. A clinical outcome study was performed to test the effect of repeat vaccination with the MACP vaccine on the immune responses among Saudi nationals who live in the Makkah and Jeddah areas. Subjects (n = 230) aged 10 to 29 years were selected: 113 subjects with two or more prior vaccinations with the MACP vaccine, 79 subjects with one prior vaccination with the MACP vaccine, and 38 subjects naïve to vaccination with the MACP vaccine. All subjects received the MACP vaccine in 2002, and serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers were measured before and 1 month after vaccination with the MACP vaccine. For serogroup C, geometric mean SBA titers 1 month following vaccination with the MACP vaccine were 708.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 217.5 to 2,308.9) for those naïve to prior vaccination with the MACP vaccine, and they were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than 25.0 (95% CI, 12.4 to 50.2) for those who had received one prior vaccination with the MACP vaccine and 32.4 (95% CI, 18.7 to 56.4) for those who had received two or more doses of the MACP vaccine. For serogroup A, the geometric mean SBA titer 1 month after receipt of the MACP vaccine was 1,649.3 (95% CI, 835.2 to 3,256.9) for those naïve to prior vaccination, and the titers were lower (P = 0.67) than 2,185.7 (95% CI, 1,489.4 to 3,207.7) for those who had received one prior dose of the MACP vaccine and significantly lower (P = 0.042) than 3,540.8 (95% CI, 2,705.2 to 4,634.5) for those who had received two or more doses of the MACP vaccine. For serogroup C, the proportions of nonresponders (SBA titers, <8) were 19% for the naïve cohort, 52% for the cohort with one prior vaccination, and 49% for the cohort with two or more prior vaccinations. Following repeated doses of the MACP vaccine, hyporesponsiveness to serogroup C is evident, with high percentages of MACP vaccinees having SBA titers below the putative protective SBA titer. Serogroup A responses following vaccination with the MACP vaccine were boosted. Introduction of the serogroup C conjugate vaccine would provide long-term protection against serogroup C disease; however, quadrivalent conjugate vaccines are required to provide long-time protection against disease caused by serogroups A, W135, and Y.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Complications of Echis colorata snake bites in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia.

Seven Saudi children bitten by Echis colorata, a species of carpet viper encountered mainly in the Middle East, were studied in south-western Saudi Arabia. They all showed severe local signs of swelling, ecchymosis and blisters, and one also had local necrosis. Four children had systemic envenoming with vomiting and hypotension, and one child had acute renal failure. Three of them had prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times and hypofibrinogenaemia resulting from disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. They were initially managed in the intensive care unit and received intravenous fluids and polyvalent antivenom. Apart from one child who required skin grafting for local necrosis, complete recovery with no sequelae occurred in all cases.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The costs and benefits of getting the ISO 9000 certification in the manufacturing sector in Saudi Arabia.

Many Saudi companies, in their journey to improve quality, efficiency and competitiveness, are pursuing and obtaining the ISO 9000 certificate. Many studies have evaluated how to implement ISO 9000 in different sectors, but none have analyzed the effectiveness of ISO 9000 certification (costs and benefits) on improving the overall quality and on meeting expectations. This study addressed these issues by investigating manufacturing organizations in Saudi Arabia that have the ISO 9000 certification. A survey questionnaire was distributed to firms throughout the kingdom. Thirty-two firms participated in the study. Results indicate that increased consistency of operations, improved service, and product quality are among the top motivators for pursuing the ISO certificate. The benefits most often experienced were improved awareness of procedural problems, better management control, keeping existing customers, increased customer satisfaction, and improved customer service. Difficulties experienced during the certification process involved time and cost, but these were not considered to be major problems. A high volume of paperwork was the main problem experienced following initial certification. Respondents in general said that the ISO 9000 certification met their expectations and that their level of satisfaction regarding the impact of ISO 9000 was high. Most recommended that other organizations pursue the certificate.

Certification↗