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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Considerations on graduate education of sanitary engineering in Latin America].

The author reviews the profound process of change in Latin America which presents serious problems for environmental engineering and, consequently, for education in the various disciplines that comprise this specialization. The explosive growth of knowledge and the increase responsibilities of professionals place extreme pressure on engineering schools. These schools are forced to consider curricular changes as well as changes in admission policies and in the image and the service which they should present to society. At the present time, 25 engineering schools offer an "option" of sanitary engineering and 12 schools offer graduate courses for an M.A. in environmental engineering. In the schools themselves, a combination of fulltime and part-time professors prevails. Graduate teaching programs are expected to provide: a) increasingly complex, new scientific and technologic knowledge, b) duly selected disciplines; and c) balanced management techniques. Certain plans of action may be considered. Among these are increasing the number of schools that offer graduate courses, revising curricula, encouraging higher enrollment, including research as a standard element in teaching and, in general, seeking higher standards of excellent. Prospects for the future seem to indicate that the following actions should be taken: 1) increasing interdisciplinary programs; 2) making use of the potential offered by continuing education; and 3) encouraging the development of doctoral studies.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1979

[Development of human resources for working in environmental health].

This paper was presented as a reference document in the First Meeting of the PAHO/WHO Textbook Program Committee for the Teaching of Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences, held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, from 24 to 26 November 1977. It analyzes the human resource development process in terms of the basic components: planning, development itself, and utilization. Its principal objectives are: to encourage the performance of studies and research on human resources in environmental health as sources of information for taking decisions, making policy, and drawing up training plans; to suggest ways of improving the quality of education and training services; to encourage the development of suitable techniques and methods for determining human resource needs; and to highlight some recent studies and publications on human resources in relation to environmental problems.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

An occupational health programme for adults and children in the carpet weaving industry, Mirzapur, India: a case study in the informal sector.

The Indo-Dutch Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Project under Ganga action Plan in Kanpur and Mirzapur is being executed within the framework of Indo-Dutch bilateral development cooperation. The project aims to integrate technological, social and health related improvements. It is expected that the development approach and methodology can be replicated in other urban settlements in India. The project is being supplemented by a training and institutional strengthening programme, which will facilitate the transfer of new technologies and improvements in operation and maintenance of these new technologies. One of the project's goals is to improve living conditions in the targeted areas by installing drinking water and drainage systems. A socio-economic unit (SEU) in the project supports these technical interventions by encouraging the community to participate in project activities. The Occupational Health Programme in Mirzapur was conceived by the SEU to improve the health and living conditions of child and adult weavers. At the start of the programme, 200 weavers and 60 non-weaver workers from Mirzapur city, matched for age and socio-economic status, were interviewed and underwent a physical examination. The mean age of the weavers is 27 years, reflecting the relatively large percentage of child labour (13.5%). Illiteracy among them is 73%, whereas 14% have had only a primary education. 64.5% of the carpet weavers are Muslims and 35.6% are Hindus. 61% own a loom or work in a family owned loom shed. 95% of the weavers have a monthly income of less than 600 Rs. Complaints of a persistent cough and cough with expectoration, backache, the common cold and joint pains occurred more often in the weaver population than in the comparison group and have been identified as 'occupational hazards'. An intervention programme has been implemented based on the results of the occupational health survey. These interventions include awareness camps, installment of plexiglass tiles for light improvement in the loom sheds, training of community health volunteers and house-to-house health education. Another essential part of the programme is the provision of functional literacy classes for child and adult labourers in the carpet weaving industry. Occupational health as an entry point proved to be a successful approach in this segment of the informal sector, where child labour plays an important role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[New measurements of noise from road traffic in Rome carried out during 24 hours (author's transl)].

A new series of noise measurements in 10 points of the central zone in Rome, corresponding to residential areas with commercial activity, to parks, to hospitals, and to a subway, have been carried out. Investigation has been protracted during 24 hours and each measure has lasted 20 minutes. For the survey a mobile acoustic unity of the Environmental Hygiene Laboratory, Department of Sanitary Engineering, of Istituto Superiore di Sanità has been employed. The unity is fitted with instruments for statistical analysis of noise in connection with a minicomputer. The used program has allowed to calculate L1, L10, L50, L90, standard deviation, Leq, LNP, TNI. On the basis of such measurements Leq 24, Ldn, CNEL, have been calculated. Collected data have been compared with limits of stated rules and with noise levels measured in other seven Italian towns.

Automobiles↗
PubMed1976

Progress in biochemical engineering.

Biochemical engineering is one of the answers to some of the challenges of the present age: hunger, shortage in raw material and energy supply and contamination of environment. Its contribution to the solution of these problems is the industrial production of protein, the use of raw materials (incl. waste products) not used up to now, the accomplishment of chemical reactions at ambient temperatures as well as the degradation or utilization of widely different waste materials.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

Elimination of the hazards from hazardous wastes.

The "hazard" associated with a waste essentially controls the overall engineering approach to finding suitable alternatives for solving potential disposal problems. It should be recognized that all factors affecting environmental equilibrium must be considered, including product sales, process design, financing, pre- and end-of-pipe treatment, residuals management, and ultimate bioaccumulation of residuals. To meet this challenge, a systems approach to waste treatment and residuals disposal provides a logical approach, but this management concept requires a thorough understanding of the important physical and chemical aspects of the problem, as well as many social implications of the resulting decisions. Thus waste management within a plant necessarily involves process control, pretreatment and end-of-pipe treatment. Further, it follows that residuals management from a disposal point-of-view must ultimately embrace what is called the "multi-barrier concept." In essence, hazard elimination occurs in varying degrees during each phase of a properly engineered system.

Adsorption↗