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Results for “Salmonella Pullorum”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Salmonella Pullorum strain SPullorum-YN-07 from dead embryos of Yanjin black-bone chickens: Complete genome with IncFII(S) and Col(pVC) plasmids and pathogenicity.

Salmonella Pullorum is a host-adapted pathogen that causes Pullorum disease in chickens and can be vertically transmitted via eggs, leading to embryonic mortality. The susceptibility and vertical transmission of S. Pullorum may vary among chicken breeds, yet genomic characterization of strains from dead embryos of indigenous breeds remains limited. This study isolated and characterized a Gram-negative short rod, designated Salmonella Pullorum strain SPullorum-YN-07, from dead embryos of Yanjin black-bone chickens, a native breed in Yunnan, China. The strain formed colorless colonies on MacConkey agar and red, non-H2S colonies on XLD agar, with biochemical reactions consistent with the genus Salmonella. Whole-genome sequencing using Illumina and PacBio platforms generated a complete genome consisting of one circular chromosome and four circular plasmids; plasmid replicon types IncFII(S) and Col(pVC) were identified in two of the plasmids. On the chromosome, a total of 340 virulence-associated genes were detected, including those involved in secretion systems, adhesion, motility, and immune modulation. Resistance gene analysis identified the acquired aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-Iaa, alongside multiple intrinsic resistance determinants related to efflux pumps and target alteration. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assigned the strain to sequence type ST92, and core-genome phylogenetic analysis confirmed its clustering within the Salmonella Pullorum lineage. In a chick infection model, the strain induced depression, white diarrhea, and growth retardation, with clinical scores peaking at 10 days post-infection and a mortality rate of 10%. Bacterial colonization was highest in the cecum, and histopathological lesions were observed in the liver, spleen, and cecum. This study provides the first complete genomic characterization and pathogenicity assessment of an S. Pullorum strain isolated from dead embryos of Yanjin black-bone chickens, offering a foundation for understanding host-pathogen interactions in indigenous breeds and assessing cross-transmission risks to commercial poultry populations.

Complete genome↗
PubMed1979

Serological response of chickens to Salmonella thompson and Salmonella pullorum infections.

Chickens were experimentally infected with Salmonella thompson (serogroup C, paratyphoid) and Salmonella pullorum (serogroup D). Five serological methods and one cultural method were used in detecting the infections. The microantiglobulin test was superior to all other methods for detection of paratyphoid (S. THOMPSON) infection and was followed in efficacy by the microagglutination test, rapid serum plate test, cloacal swab culture, macroscopic tube agglutination test, and rapid whole-blood test, in that order. Birds infected with S. pullorum showed much higher agglutinin titers than the birds infected with paratyphoid. The microagglutination and microantiglobulin tests were not significantly different for detection of pullorum infection and were followed in efficacy by the rapid serum plate, macroscopic tube agglutination, rapid whole-blood, and cloacal swab culture tests, in that order. The cloacal swab culture test was totally inadequate for the detection of pullorum infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition by paromomycin of R-factor transfer of tetracycline resistance between Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum.

In vitro assays showed that low concentrations (5--10 and 20 microgram/ml) of the antimicrobial paromomycin sulfate are able to block or diminish significantly the transfer of the tetracycline resistance R-factor between Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum. This observation is important because it offers the possibility of preventing the formation of tetracycline-resistant pathogens, a limiting factor of tetracycline use in both human and veterinary medicine.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of protein in the feed on the resistance of poultry artificially infected with Salmonella galinarum pullorum and Salmonella typhimurium].

Studied is the effect of the low protein level in rations of birds, experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and Salmonella typhimurium. Birds of different ages of the Leghorn and Cornish breeds are included in the experiments. Results obtained from the experiments indicate that the lowered level of protein in rations to young birds at the age of five months makes them more resistant to salmonella infection. This dependence is markedly demonstrated in particular in the case of the Leghorn breed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

[Dynamics of agglutination in birds artificially infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and Salmonella typhimurium and treated with sulfaguanidine and furazolidone].

Canadian Leghorn chickens were used to study the effect of sulfaguanidine and furazolidon on the dynamics of blood agglutinin formation. The birds were artificially infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and Salmonella typhimurium. At various intervals following infection they were treated with sulfaguanidine 1% tablets and 0.04% furazolidon. The level of agglutinins was determined by the methods of Huddleson (whole blood agglutination reaction), the fast serum agglutination, the method after Wright, and the indirect hemagglutination reaction. It was found that the agglutinin level in birds treated in the course of ten days with the chemotherapeutics mentioned prior to their infection did not change. The use of these chemotherapeutics parallel to the infection of the test birds and ten days later inhibited agglutinin formation. This was more pronouncedly expressed in birds treated with furazolidon. The delayed use of these therapeutic means did not inhibit substantially the level of blood agglutinins.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1977

Age-dependent resistance of chicken of Salmonella in vitro: antibacterial activity of lysed granule fraction of splenic adherent cells.

Lysed granule fraction was prepared from splenic adherent cells from 0-day-old to 2-month-old chickens and was examined antibacterial activity to Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella sentfenberg. The activity of lysed granule fraction from 2-month-old chickens was exhibited at pH 5.0 but not exhibited at pH 6.0 or 7.0 to both serotypes of Salmonella. At pH 5.0, lysed granule fraction from 0-day-old chickens revealed little antibacterial activity to S. pullorum but the activity increased with increasing age. At 240 min of incubation, 60% and 95% of S. pullorum were inactivated in lysed granule fractions from 7-day-old and 2-month-old chickens, respectively. High antibacterial activity to S. senftenberg was observed in lysed granule fraction from 2-month-old chickens in which 99.6% of the bacteria was inactivated during 240 min; In lysed granule fractions from 0-day old and 7-day-old chickens, 90% of S. senftenberg was inactivated during 60 min but the number of bacteria increased conversely after incubation for 240 min. Changes in enzymatic activities of 4 enzymes in the lysed granule fractions from various ages of chickens were examined. beta-Glucronidase increased statistically significantly to 2.4 and 7.6 times from 0-day-old to 7-day-old and 2-month-old chickens, respectively. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase increased slightly but not significantly different, and enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase was scarcely detected.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Introduction of an additional H-agglutinating test antigen for the differentiation of specific positive reactions in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in poultry experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and Salmonella enteritidis].

Explored were the possibilities to differentiate the specific positive reactions in case of pullorum disease in experimentally infected (Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and Salmonella enteritidis) birds with the use of a typhoid test antigen and two H test antigens, obtained by the routinely employed method with formalin from Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella adeoyo. It was demonstrated that the H-agglutinating antibodies persisted in the peripheral blood of the experimentally infected birds for at least 30 days (as long as the test lasted). The H test antigen of S. enteritidis proved unsuitable to detect the H-agglutinating antibodies only as it retained to a large extent the O antigens. By means of the S. adeoyo H test antigen only the H-agglutinating antibodies in the peripheral blood of S. enteritidis-infected birds could be quickly and precisely demonstrated. A combined serologic examination of serum with the thyphoid test antigen and the S. adeoyo test antigen could be carried out to differentiate the specific positive reactions for establishing pullorum disease from the concomitant agglutination reactions observed in cases of experimental salmonellosis in birds caused by S. enteritidis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Age-dependent resistance of chickens to salmonella in vitro: phagocytic and bactericidal activities of splenic phagocytes.

The phagocytic and bactericidal activities to Salmonella pullorum (strain 9-25) or Salmonella senftenberg (strain 99D) were examined in chicken splenic phagocytes from 0-day-old to 2-month-old chickens. The phagocytic activity against S pullorum increased in splenic phagocytes from chickens older than 7 days, but significant changes in activity against S senftenberg were not observed during the experimental period. The bactericidal activity of splenic phagocytes against S senftenberg was higher than that of phagocytes against S pullorum during the same period. Increase of the bactericidal activity against S pullorum was observed with increasing age, but the activity of the splenic phagocytes from 0-day-old chickens against S senftenberg was similar to that of the phagocytes from 2-month-old chickens. Although delayed hypersensitivity was confirmed by delayed wattle reaction in 2-month-old chickens sensitized with living S pullorum, the sensitization did not markedly affect phagocytic and bactericidal activities.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Cross-protection aginst Salmonella enteritidis infection in mice. I. Immunization trials.

Mice were immunized subcutaneously with live and killed vaccines, with and without complete adjuvant incorporating Salmonella typhi-murium M206, Salmonella gallinarum 9R, Salmonella pullorum Sp223 as well as homologous Salmonella enteritidis Se795. The animals were challenged 21 days post-vaccination with 100 LD50 of virulent S. enteritidis 5694 SMR subcutaneously along with unvaccinated control mice. To assess the immunity against acute and chronic infections, the percentage of absolute survivors i.e. survivors without lesions and without the challenge organism, was taken as the criterion. Live vaccines proved better than killed vaccines. Live vaccines with complete adjuvant induced a good protection. Cross-protection could be induced with the live vaccine with complete adjuvant against S. enteritidis infection in mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

A simplified biochemical system to screen Salmonella isolates from poultry for serotyping.

The 24 most frequently isolated paratyphoids from poultry, along with Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum, plus strains of Arizona, Citrobacter, Edwardsiella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Prteus, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Shigella were inoculated into triple sugar iron (TSI) and lysine iron (LI) slants and into six fermentation broths which were numbered: 1 (dextrose), 2 (lactose), 3 (sucrose), 4 (mannitol), 5 (maltose), 6 (dulcitol). All the salmonella cultures (except S. pullorum) gave a 1, 4, 5, 6 code which means they produced acid, and in most cases gas, in dextrose, mannitol, maltose and dulcitol, but no acid or gas in lactose and sucrose. S. pullorum gave a 1, 4 code. All non-salmonella cultures gave a fermentation pattern different from the 1, 4, 5, 6 pattern of paratyphoids and S. gallinarum. Therefore, this six sugar system can be successfully used in the selection of suspect salmonella cultures for specific typing. Results from a miniaturized system (Minitek) were the same as those from the standard tube method for the carbohydrate fermentation tests for all cultures tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Age-related dynamics of agglutinin formation in poultry experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum].

Agglutinin production in birds experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum directly correlates with age. The older the birds, the earlier setting on of agglutinogenesis, and the better the immune response. Along with this agglutinins persist longer in the blood serum. It is suggester to carry out the first serologic examination in infected flocks of the Leghorn breed when the birds are aged 50-55 days. This term may be essential only in cases where the birds have been infected at the earliest age. The second investigation should take place when the birds are six months old.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Immunogenicity in Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum irradiated with gamma rays].

Studied with the imunogenicity of Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum bacteria treated with 1, 10 and 20 MR gamma rays or killed with acetone. Bacterial cultures were irradiated with a LMB-gamma M device, having a 137Cs source, single doses being of a 3,252 R/min power Biozzi's clearance test was employed to determine the changes in the immunogenic properties of the irradiated bacteria. The results obtained with both the clearance test and the protection test spoke of a considerable drop in the immunogenic capacity of the irradiated bacteria, using rates of 10, and especially of 20 MR gamma rays as compared to those killed with acetone. Protection was manifested best by bacteria treated at the rate of 1 MR gamma-rays, which pointed to the possibility of their practical use in the immunoprophylaxis of pullorum disease in birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Genetic polymorphism of poultry blood serum esterases in relation to resistance to bacterial infections].

The experiments were carried out on White Leghorn, White Rock and Cornish chickens during the 1974--1975 season. The aim of the investigation was to study polymorphism of blood esterases in chickens in relation to their resistance to Salmonella pullorum and S. gallinarum. The data obtained indicate the following: 1) an additional, inheritant alyesterase fraction (A1) Appears in blood serum of resistant chickens after their contamination with Salmonella; 2) most chickens, which are resistant to Salmonella, have heterozygous genotype for blood serum cholinesterase.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of certain antibodies to selected disease-causing agents in wild turkeys in Texas.

In Texas in 1976 and 1977, Rio Grande turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) from seven counties and Eastern turkeys (M. g. silvestris) from one county were tested for antibodies to selected poultry pathogens. Standardized serological tests disclosed reactors to Salmonella pullorum (2.4%), S. typhimurium (2.3%), and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (4.8%). There were no reactors to Newcastle disease virus or Chlamydia psittaci. Prevalence of M. gallisepticum antibody in wild turkeys was significantly higher for counties with commercial turkey operations than for counties lacking domestic turkeys, whereas the incidence of S. pullorum and S. typhimurium did not differ significantly.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1977

[Antibody dynamics in growing birds experimentally infected or naturally sick with white diarrhea].

Serologic studies were carried out with growing birds, aged 37-70 days, experimentally and spontaneously infected with Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum, respectively. More positively reacting birds were found by means of the whole-blood agglutination reaction with typhoid-pullorum test than in the study of the same birds when aged 6-7 months. The investigation of birds when young is also advantageous in that there are no losses of eggs, it is more readily carried out, and the infected flocks could as early as the first selection be intended for market production, being replaced with healthy flocks. It is believed that certain changes in the programme for the control on pedigree and reproduction flocks would be purposeful, the first investigation for pullorum disease being carried out when the birds are aged 40-70 days and not when 6-7 months old.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1978

Animal salmonellosis in peninsular Malaysia. II. Annual and zoological distribution of Salmonella serotypes over the 10-year period 1966-1975.

A total of 860 Salmonella isolations were made in Peninsular Malaysia from 15 animal species (domestic and wild), eggs, molluscs, flies, and animal feed. The isolations were distributed among 31 serotypes in eight groups. The most common serotype isolated was Salmonella pullorum, followed by S. choleraesuis and S. infantis. S. typhimurium had the widest zoological distribution. The importance of controlling animal salmonellosis is emphasized.

Animals↗