Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SYNOVIAL FLUID”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Frequency of gamma delta T cells in peripheral blood, synovial fluid, synovial membrane and lungs from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The percentages and absolute numbers of gamma delta T cells per CD3 positive cells (T cells) in four different compartments, namely peripheral blood, synovial fluid, synovial membrane and lungs from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in peripheral blood from healthy controls were studied by two color flow-cytometric analysis. The percentages (mean +/- SEM = 6.3 +/- 0.8%, n = 22) and absolute numbers (70 +/- 11/microliters, n = 22) of gamma delta T cells in peripheral blood from RA patients were not different from those of 22 age-matched healthy controls (7.5 +/- 0.9%, 81 +/- 17/microliters, respectively). The gamma delta T cells in peripheral blood from 50 RA patients were, however, significantly decreased in negative correlation with the value of CRP as a marker for inflammation, although they had no correlation with the titer of rheumatoid factor as an autoantibody. The percentages of gamma delta T cells in synovial fluid from 10 patients (3.3 +/- 0.5%, n = 10) or in synovial membrane from 5 patients (4.2 +/- 1.9%, n = 5) and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 6 patients (3.6 +/- 0.8%, n = 6) were not different from those in peripheral blood from the same patients. Thus, gamma delta T cells are not the dominant infiltrating T cell subset in the inflammatory sites of RA patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Isolation and detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA from cerebral spinal fluid, synovial fluid, blood, urine, and ticks using the Roche MagNA Pure system and real-time PCR.

The Roche MagNA Pure automated nucleic acid extraction system was tested for its ability to extract Borrelia burgdorferi DNA from a diverse set of spiked specimen types including blood, cerebral spinal fluid, synovial fluid, urine and ticks. A method comparison between MagNA Pure automated extraction and manual extraction, using either QIAamp columns or phenol/chloroform extraction, showed equivalent detection sensitivities for all methodologies with all specimen types (except for urine, in which case QIAamp extraction was twofold less sensitive). Eighty positive clinical specimens (as determined by an independent testing method), including 76 synovial fluid, and 4 cerebral spinal fluid specimens, were found to be positive by the MagNA Pure/real-time PCR method of extraction and detection. This data shows that the MagNA Pure system can be used to extract B. burgdorferi DNA from clinical specimens, and when combined with real-time PCR, the result is an extremely sensitive assay with limited hands on time and rapid turn around times.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Drug concentrations in blood, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, periarticular bone, muscle and adipose tissue in patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis receiving a single intramuscular injection of ketoprofen or acetylsalicylic acid (3 hours after the injection)].

The therapeutic activity of antiinflammatory agents in rheumatic joint disease is related to their presence at the target site of action, i.e. the joints. Tissue concentrations of such agents have been previously determined in patients with rheumatic disorders under long-term treatment with acemetacin and indomethacin (Köhler et al., 1981). The purpose of the present study was to determine concentrations of ketoprofen and acetylsalicylic acid in blood as well as synovial fluid, synovial membrane and periarticular bone and adipose tissue, three hours after administration of a single dose. Drug concentrations found in each of these tissues following a single intramuscular injection were sufficient to ensure therapeutic efficiency.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Interleukin-2 in rheumatoid arthritis: production of and response to interleukin-2 in rheumatoid synovial fluid, synovial tissue and peripheral blood.

Several aspects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) generation and function were studied employing mononuclear cells from synovial fluid (SF), synovial tissue (ST) and peripheral blood (PB) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Decreased PHA stimulated IL-2 production by lymphocytes from rheumatoid ST, SF (P less than 0.02), and PB (P less than 0.01) was observed when compared to normal blood and SF of patients with gout. The proliferative response of rheumatoid lymphocyte blasts exposed to exogenous IL-2 was also defective (P less than 0.05-0.001). This defect was greater in SF than in rheumatoid PB (P less than 0.05-0.001). In addition to the proliferative response, the effect of IL-2 on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production was also examined. Rheumatoid lymphocytes from both PB and SF produced less IFN-gamma after overnight treatment with IL-2 than did normal PB lymphocytes. This decreased IFN-gamma induction was discordant with the excellent enhancement by IL-2 of natural killer activity. Removal of adherent cells in synovial fluid did not correct this deficit. Abnormalities in the biology of IL-2 and IFN-gamma suggest that impaired T cell function could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Expression of activation markers on CD4+ and CD8+ cells from synovial fluid, synovial tissue, and peripheral blood of patients with inflammatory arthritides.

We studied the expression of the Tac antigen, the transferrin receptor (Tfr-R), HLA class II antigens (DR, DQ, DP), CD30, and Act 1 on purified CD4+ and CD8+ cells isolated from synovial fluid (SF), synovial tissue (ST), and peripheral blood (PB) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with non-RA inflammatory arthritides (not ST). Subfractionated T cells of PB from healthy individuals served as controls. SF CD4+ cells from RA and non-RA arthritides expressed the Tac antigen much more frequently than corresponding CD8+ cells (54 and 58% versus 16 and 17%). In contrast, SF CD8+ cells of both patient groups expressed the HLA class II antigens rather more frequently than the corresponding CD4+ cells (88 and 68% versus 72 and 40%). Tfr-R expression was low on CD4+ and CD8+ SF T cells from both patient groups. SF T cells did not express CD30, and their expression of Act 1 did not differ from that of normal PB T cells. The RA ST findings were similar to those of RA SF. The overall expression of activation markers on PB T cells of patients was slightly higher than on those of normal controls, and the RA group was slightly higher than the non-RA group. The results show that intra-articular T cells in arthritis are activated and that CD4+ and CD8+ subsets differ in their expression of Tac antigen and HLA class II antigens. There were also similar patterns of activation markers on both CD4+ and CD8+ SF cells from RA and non-RA arthritis patients, suggesting that several types of arthritis display a similar immunopathogenesis in the joints.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of indomethacin i.m. in blood, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, muscle, fat, bone, and spinal fluid.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are an important part of the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. For optimal dosage it would be necessary to know the levels of such compounds in inflamed tissue and not only in blood because the drugs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in all cells of the body. In the present study, the levels of indomethacin in blood, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, muscle, fat, bone and spinal fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been measured at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after administration of 50 mg indomethacin (Amuno, Merck Sharp & Dohme). At 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after administration levels in synovial fluid and tissue were higher than in blood but the differences were not significant. Levels in the other tissues investigated did not differ much from blood. In experiments with carrageenan-induced inflammation in rabbits, levels of indomethacin in blood and exudate have been measured after administration of 7.5 mg/kg i.v. Between 3 and 8 hours after administration levels in exudate were significantly higher than in blood. From the time course of indomethacin in blood compared to synovial fluid or exudate and from the comparison of the elimination half lives it can be concluded, that the transport of indomethacin into the inflamed area is mainly a process of diffusion.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Sensitive ELISA for interleukin-6. Detection of IL-6 in biological fluids: synovial fluids and sera.

A monoclonal antibody and an affinity purified polyclonal antibody, both raised against recombinant human IL-6, have been employed in an ELISA procedure to quantitate human IL-6. Both antibodies were very potent in neutralizing the biological activity of recombinant as well as natural human IL-6. The monoclonal antibody was used as the capture antibody whilst the polyclonal antibody, in biotinylated form, was used as the detecting antibody in combination with a streptavidin horseradish peroxidase conjugate and a signal amplification system. The detection limit for natural as well as recombinant IL-6 was 1 pg/ml. A good correlation was found between the ELISA and the B9 biological assay when IL-6 was measured in crude culture supernatants, in synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis patients and in the sera of patients with diverse diseases. Immunoprecipitation of IL-6, produced by different cell types, such as monocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells or derived from biological fluids, such as the serum of a patient with septic shock or the synovial fluid of a rheumatoid arthritis patient, revealed in every case only molecules in the molecular weight range of 21,000-26,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Diffusion of oxyphenbutazone into synovial fluid, synovial tissue, joint cartilage and cerebrospinal fluid.

The diffusion of oxyphenbutazone into synovial and cerebrospinal fluids and synovium and joint cartilage was investigated in 25 patients receiving short-term treatment. In the synovial fluid, the mean oxyphenbutazone concentration, was 57.1 +/- 13.4% of the plasma level, due to its excellent diffusion into the joint cavity. In synovial tissue, the oxyphenbutazone level was higher in patients with severe inflammation than in those with no or little inflammation. Penetration into joint cartilage is less than into synovial tissue. In cerebrospinal fluid the concentration was close to the level of free plasma oxyphenbutazone. The findings show increased diffusion of oxyphenbutazone towards its site of action in inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Rheumatoid pericarditis: comparison of immunologic characteristics of pericardial fluid, synovial fluid, and serum.

A comparison was made of the immunological characteristics of serum, synovial and pericardial fluids obtained from a 54 year old man with classic rheumatoid arthritis and pericarditis. The synovial and pericardial fluids had low complement levels and immune complexes were detected using both biological and physical methods. The serum had normal complement levels and no immune complexes could be demonstrated. The presence of immune complexes and complement depletion in the synovial and pericardial fluids supports the concept of local production of immune complexes, and is in keeping with a Type III mechanism of immunologic injury.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation by autologous synovial fluid lymphocytes and synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid lymphocytes and synovial fluid from most patients with rheumatoid arthritis induced blastogenesis of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. In vitro transfer of the mitogenic activity of the synovial fluid to peripheral blood lymphocytes was not accomplished, but diminished response of the peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin stimulation after incubation in synovial fluid was demonstrated. These findings suggest that a similar blastogenic response in vivo may induce the lymphoid hyperplasia regularly observed in rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Reactive↗
PubMed1988

Effects of synovial fluid and synovial fluid cells on chondrocyte metabolism in short term tissue culture.

Freshly isolated synovial fluid (SF) and plasma samples from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 9 patients with joint effusions of other diagnoses (non-RA) were immediately (without fractionation or dilution) used as a culture medium for murine articular cartilage. Both intact SF, and cell depleted SF were tested for the effect on proteoglycan synthesis (35S-incorporation) compared to the patients' plasma or standard tissue culture medium. In addition, the effect on proteoglycan degradation was measured using 35S-prelabeled cartilage. Intact SF and cell depleted SF were found to suppress chondrocyte metabolism both in the RA and non-RA group. In the group with RA a strong correlation was found between the number of cells in SF and the degree of suppression. In the same group, intact SF caused a markedly higher suppression of chondrocyte biosynthesis than in the non-RA group (p less than 0.02). In general, the suppressive effect of SF appeared to be at least partially related to inflammatory activity (number of cells in SF) rather than a specific feature of RA. During the short term exposure, no measurable breakdown of matrix proteoglycan was found, both in complete SF and cell depleted SF. Mechanistic studies suggest that neither hydrogen peroxide generated by polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes nor variations in SF viscosity were responsible for the observed effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Recent findings on the pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid concentration is considered to be an important determinant of clinical response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Trans-synovial transport of these drugs is a process of limited diffusion, governed partly by the pharmacological characteristics of NSAIDs and partly by the properties of the joint and joint space themselves. The studies which report simultaneous pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs in both plasma and synovial fluid compartments are of 2 types: (1) some compare the concurrent concentrations of drugs in plasma and joint fluid after a single administration. These provide pharmacokinetic information: (2) others, which conform more closely to the therapeutic conditions, look at synovial fluid and plasma concentrations after repeated administration of the drug. Recent findings on the pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs in synovial fluid are reviewed. These studies reveal 2 types of NSAIDs, according to their pharmacokinetic behaviour. First, there are NSAIDs with a short or intermediate plasma elimination half-life. These drugs equilibrate rapidly relative to their elimination; their peak synovial fluid concentrations occur later and are lower than those in plasma. Several hours after administration there is crossover of the concentration curves, and beyond this point, concentrations in synovial fluid may exceed those in plasma. During prolonged treatment, the synovial fluid concentrations of these NSAIDs fluctuate to a much lesser extent than plasma concentrations. Secondly, there are NSAIDs with a long plasma elimination half-life; their peak concentration in synovial fluid is also lower and later than that in plasma. At steady-state their concentrations (total and free) in synovial fluid are about half those in plasma. Numerous variables must be taken into account in attempts to correlate synovial fluid NSAIDs concentrations with clinical response, including protein binding and determination of both active metabolites and (eventually) the enantiomers.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Enzymatic activity and immunoreactivity of extracellular phospholipase A2 in inflammatory synovial fluids.

Synovial fluid PLA2 concentration was measured by an ELISA technique using monoclonal antibodies raised against human recombinant "synovial-type" group II phospholipase A2. This ELISA was specific for synovial-type PLA2 and did not detect pancreatic (group I) PLA2. In all synovial fluids examined, including rheumatoid, osteoarthritic, psoriatic, and gouty fluids, synovial fluid PLA2 enzyme activity significantly correlated with PLA2 immunoreactivity (P < 0.001). Within the limits of the ELISA technique, there was no evidence for the presence of specific or nonspecific modulation of PLA2 activity by either putative PLA2 activating or inhibitory proteins.

Arthritis↗
PubMed2001

[Dynamics of interleukin (IL)-18 in serum, synovial fluid and synovial membrane in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVES: IL-18 is a novel cytokine that plays an important role in the Th1 response. The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamics of IL-18 in serum, synovial fluid and synovial membrane in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The serum, synovial fluid and synovial membrane were obtained from RA patients at operation. The levels of IL-18 in the serum and synovial fluid were measured by ELISA. We then examined the expression of IL-18 in synovial tissues using anti-human IL-18 monoclonal antibody in immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: The levels of IL-18 in serum and synovial fluid in RA patients were 193.7 +/- 109.7 pg/ml and 258.8 +/- 238.0 pg/ml, respectively. Compared with OA patients and normal volunteers, the level of IL-18 in RA patients was higher in both serum and synovial fluid. (P < 0.05) In synovial membrane, the cells positive for anti IL-18 antibody were confirmed not only in RA (n = 26) but also in OA (n = 7) patients. The positive cells were the synovial lining cells, macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. However, a large number of positive cells were demonstrated in synovial tissues in RA compared with OA patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A chemotactic inhibitor in synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid was found to contain an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis. The activity of this inhibitor was masked in native synovial fluid, but could be detected in fluid in which complement had been deactivated by mild heating. The inhibitor was most effective against the chemotactic activity of zymosan-activated serum (C5ades arg). It had little effect when N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine served as chemoattractant. Inhibition was not the result of a direct effect on the neutrophils, since incubation of cells with synovial fluid did not alter their chemotactic response. The inhibitory activity was destroyed by boiling the synovial fluid or treating it with trypsin, suggesting that it is a protein (or proteins); it was not affected by hyaluronidase treatment. Gel filtration revealed that the inhibitor was present in native as well as decomplemented synovial fluid, and that its molecular weight was in the vicinity of 25,000. It is proposed that this inhibitory activity plays a role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in joints.

Blood↗
PubMed1977

Activation of complement components C3 and factor B in synovial fluids.

Synovial fluids from 106 patients with various types of arthritis were examined for the presence of conversion products of C3 by means of crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis and for products of factor B by immunoelectrophoresis. C3 conversion was found in all 15 fluids from patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, in 11 of 15 with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, in the majority with probable and possible rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, pseudogout, gout, Reiter's syndrome, and frequently in other arthritides studied, but in only one of 15 with degenerative arthritis. In 53 synovial fluids a single C3 conversion peak was seen in addition to the native protein and in 18 others two conversion peaks were present. In many synovial fluids showing conversion whole-complement titers and C3 protein concentrations were normal. In both rheumatoid arthritis and crystal synovitis the per cent of C3 conversion, as estimated by planimetry, correlated with synovial fluid leukocyte counts, Factor B conversion was found in 31 fluids and usually occurred in fluids also showing C3 conversion. The findings indicate that in vivo activation of components of the classical and alternative considered mediated by immune complexes. Activation is also commonly present in a wide variety of other inflammatory arthritides and ofter would not be recognized by measuring only concentrations of hemolytic whole complement or C3 by immunodiffusion. The positive association between C3 conversion and synovial fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggests that chemotactic factors generated from complement may be responsible for the attraction of leukocytes into the synovial space in these diseases.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1982

Augmented numbers of HLA-DR-positive T lymphocytes in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: in vivo-activated T lymphocytes are potent stimulators in the mixed lymphocyte reaction.

Twenty to 40% of T cells from synovial fluid and synovial tissue and 3-11% of the peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) expressed HLA-DR antigens as detected by monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies in direct immunofluorescence. Synovial fluid and synovial tissue T lymphocytes had a stimulating capacity comparable to that of non-T cells in the allogeneic primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The MLR was inhibited by monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on in-vivo-activated T lymphocytes as stimulator cells in MLR. The results suggest that T cells from synovial fluid and synovial tissue are locally activated by stimuli so far unidentified.

Adult↗