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Results for “STAT1 Transcription Factor”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[The role of SRC kinase in activation of transcription factor STAT1].

Transcription factor STAT1 (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) takes part in signal transduction from receptors of growth factors and many cytokines, including interferons. In this paper, the role of tyrosinkinases Src and JAK2 was estimated in activation of STAT1 by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hyperosmotic shock. Using a pharmacological inhibitor of Src kinases CGP77675 and cells with knockout c-src, it was shown that Src activated STAT1 upon stimulation by both epidermal growth factor and hypersomatic shock. In contrast, JAK2 activity exerted no influence on these processes.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Dynamics of the interaction of Stat1 transcription factor with the internalized EGF receptor and karyopherins alpha in response to stimulation of cells with epidermal growth factor].

The present paper deals with two aspects of EGF-induced signal transduction via transcriptional factor STAT1. Utilizing vesicle fractionation in Percoll density gradient followed by co-immunoprecipitation, we observed the association of STAT1 with EGF receptor internalized in early endosomes. Co-immunoprecipitation studies with antikaryopherin alpha antibody showed the binding of activated STAT1 to nuclear import factors--karyopherins alpha. Both complexes demonstrate similar dynamics upon EGF treatment: they are formed at the early times, cannot be detected within 15 min, and reappear in 20 min or later. The complex of STAT1 and karyopherin alpha is localized in the cytoskeletal fraction.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of nocodazole on the activation of transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3 in A431 cells].

The STAT transcription factors (signal transducers and activators of transcription), STAT1 and STAT3, are involved in signal transduction from growth factors and different cytokine receptors. STAT1 and STAT3 activation mechanisms are not sufficiently investigated, but they are known to depend upon both cell type and stimulus for either of them. Recently, we have shown that nocodazole blocked EGF-induced STAT1 transport to the nucleus. Here, we have compared STAT1 and STAT3 activation in response to IFNgamma, IFNalpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in A431 cells. We have shown the STAT1 activation by all these agents; unlike, STAT3 was activated by EGF only. STAT1 and STAT3 activation upon EGF is blocked by both nocodazole and Src-kinase family inhibitor. STAT1 activation upon IFNgamma influence is blocked by nocodazole, but does not depend on the activity of Src-family kinases. The increased STAT3 phosphorylation results from a combined action of Src-kinase inhibitor and IFNgamma. IFNalpha-induced activation of STAT1 was not inhibited by either nocodazole or Src-kinase inhibitor. Taken together, the data obtained suggest that the activation of both STAT1 and STAT3 in A431 cells is accomplished by different mechanisms.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Dynamics of EGF-induced nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of transcription factor STAT1 in A431 cells].

Dynamics of nuclear translocation of transcription factor Stat1 in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells in response to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined by immunofluorescent microscopy and in cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts by Western blot. In has been shown that a prolonged presence of EGF induces a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Stat1 (within 5 min). The maximum amount of this protein in the nucleus was reached 30 min after the cell treatment to be maintained at the same level for 5 h. To study the dynamics of the export of Stat1 from the nucleus, a gentle treatment of cells with acetate buffer, pH 4.5, was used for extracting the surface-bound EGF. In this case, a complete dephosphorylation of Stat1 in the cytoplasm was observed in 30 min and the export of the Stat1 from the nucleus lasted for 1-6 h. These studies suggest the existence of an EGF-dependent dynamic equilibrium between the import and export of Stat1 in A431 cells.

Acetates↗
PubMed1995

IgG immune complexes inhibit IFN-gamma-induced transcription of the Fc gamma RI gene in human monocytes by preventing the tyrosine phosphorylation of the p91 (Stat1) transcription factor.

Immune complexes (IC) modulate Ag-driven immune responses in part by their ability to inhibit IFN-gamma-dependent MHC class II expression. Because many genes, including MHC class II Ags, transcriptionally activated by IFN-gamma require the tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcription factor p91 (Stat1), we examined whether IC could suppress IFN-gamma-induced expression of the Fc gamma receptor I gene (Fc gamma RI) in human monocytes and whether this occurred through inhibition of p91 phosphorylation. Preincubation of monocytes on gamma-globulin-coated dishes resulted in a 80% reduction in steady state levels of RNA for the Fc gamma RI gene. Nuclear run-on analysis confirmed that the inhibition was at the level of transcription. Treatment with IC resulted in no change in the IFN-gamma receptor number. In monocytes pretreated with IC, there was a 79% reduction in the formation of FcRF gamma, a p91-containing DNA binding protein complex that is rapidly activated by IFN-gamma, and which recognizes the gamma response region enhancer within the promoter of the Fc gamma RI gene. Furthermore, there was a marked reduction in the tyrosine phosphorylation of p91. Pretreatment with IC resulted in the inhibition of the tyrosine phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinases, Jak1 and Jak2, both of which are involved in IFN-gamma signal transduction. Therefore, culture of monocytes on IC inhibits IFN-gamma-induced expression of the Fc gamma RI gene by preventing tyrosine phosphorylation of p91, probably by the associated inhibition of the tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak2.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1998

[Transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3 are localized in different compartments of rat embryo fibroblasts transformed by E1A and Ha-Ras oncogenes].

Intracellular distribution of STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors in normal fibroblasts (REF) and in E1A + Ha-Ras transformed cells has been studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence. The obtained data evidence that in REF cells, in response to the growth factor addition, STAT1 and STAT3 proteins are redistributed from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In transformants E1A + Ha-Ras, however, significantly different pictures can be seen: while STAT1 is found to be constitutively localized in the cell nuclei, STAT3 is predominantly revealed in the cytoplasm. The data obtained from fractionation of subcellular structures confirm in general the immunofluorescence results on the cytoplasmic localization of STAT3 protein in E1A + Ha-Ras transformants. Thus, transformation of REF cells with E1A + Ha-Ras oncogenes causes a constitutive activation of STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors, the proteins, however, being distributed in different cell compartments.

Adenovirus E1A Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Human serum from patients with septic shock activates transcription factors STAT1, IRF1, and NF-kappaB and induces apoptosis in human cardiac myocytes.

Proinflammatory cytokines have been linked to depression of myocardial contractility in vivo in patients with acute septic shock and in vitro models employing isolated myocytes exposed to serum from such patients. The key pathways involved in mediating this septic organ dysfunction (cell adhesion molecule expression, inducible nitric-oxide synthase induction, and apoptosis) are known to be regulated by transcription factors STAT1, IRF1, and NF-kappaB. Utilizing a model that mimics human disease, we have demonstrated activation of the transcription factors STAT1, IRF1, and NF-kappaB in human fetal myocytes exposed to human septic serum. Both reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated a 5-19-fold increase in activation of transcription factors STAT1, IRF1, and NF-kappaB in response to incubation with human septic serum. The addition of human septic serum to human fetal myocytes induced apoptosis in human fetal myocytes and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase c-Jun NH -terminal kinase and caspase 1 as measured by Western blot. These data suggest that transcription factor activation and early myocyte apoptosis play a mechanistic role in septic myocardial depression and sepsis-induced organ dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Intact microtubule network is necessary for the EGF-induced transport of transcription factor STAT1 in the nucleus of A-431 cells].

The mechanism by which transcription factor STAT1 is translocated from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus is not clear. We put forward a hypothesis suggesting an important role of the cytoskeleton in signal transduction. The results of the present work show that the treatment of cells with nocodazole, a microtubule-disrupting drug, inhibits completely STAT1 import to the nucleus. However, the treatment of cells with cytochalasin B, which is known to depolymerize microfilaments, exerted no detectable effect on the transport of STAT1. The sensitivity to nocodazole treatment suggests that STAT1 may utilize a transport pathway that involves the tubulin cytoskeleton. These data throw light on some mechanism of a rapid and effective nonvesicular transport of STAT1.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2001

[H2O2-induced activation of transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3: the role of EGF receptor and tyrosine kinase JAK2].

Reactive oxygen species initiate multiple signal transduction pathways including tyrosine kinase signaling. Here, we demonstrate tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptor, STAT3, and, to a lesser extent, STAT1 upon H2O2 treatment of HER14 cells (NIH3T3 fibroblasts transfected with full-length EGF receptor). Maximum phosphorylation levels were observed in 5 min of stimulation at 1-2 mM H2O2. It has been shown that the intrinsic EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase is responsible for the receptor phosphorylation upon H2O2 stimulation. STAT3 and STAT1 activation in HER14 cells was demonstrated to depend on EGF receptor kinase activity, rather than JAK2 activity, while in both K721A and CD126 cells (NIH3T3 transfected with kinase-dead EGF receptor, and EGF receptor lacking major autophosphorylation sites, respectively) STAT1 and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation requires JAK2 kinase activity. Furthermore, STAT3 is constitutively phosphorylated in K721A and CD126 cells, and STAT1 H2O2-stimulated activation in these cells is much more prominent than in HER14. In all the cell lines used, Src-kinase activity was demonstrated to be unnecessary for ROS-initiated phosphorylation of STATs. Herein, we postulate that EGF receptor plays a role in H2O2-induced STAT activation in HER14 cells. Our data also prompted a hypothesis of constitutive inhibition of JAK2-dependent STAT activation in this cell line.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2003

DNA binding controls inactivation and nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Stat1.

Cytokine-dependent gene transcription greatly depends on the tyrosine phosphorylation ("activation") of Stat proteins at the cell membrane. This rapidly leads to their accumulation in the nucleus by an unknown mechanism. We performed microinjections of recombinant Stat1 protein to show that nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated Stat1 can occur without cytokine stimulation of cells. Microinjection of Stat1 antibody and treatment of cells with kinase or phosphatase inhibitors revealed that nuclear accumulation is a highly dynamic process sustained by Stat1 nucleocytoplasmic cycling and continuous kinase activity. By characterizing nuclear accumulation mutants, it is demonstrated that nuclear import and nuclear retention are two separate steps leading up to nuclear accumulation, with nonspecific DNA binding of activated Stat1 being sufficient for nuclear retention. Critical for nuclear buildup of Stat1 and the subsequent nuclear export is the point of time of tyrosine dephosphorylation, because our data indicate that activated Stat1 is incapable of leaving the nucleus and requires dephosphorylation to do so. It is demonstrated that the inactivation of Stat1 is controlled by its exchange reaction with DNA, whereby DNA binding protects Stat1 from dephosphorylation in a sequence-specific manner. Thus, during nuclear accumulation, a surprisingly simple mechanism integrates central aspects of cytokine-dependent gene regulation, for example, receptor monitoring, promoter occupancy, and transcription factor inactivation.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition of transcription factor Stat1 activity in mononuclear cell cultures and T cells by the cyclic AMP signaling pathway.

Activation of T cells results in a cascade of gene activation and subsequent proliferation and differentiation into effector phenotypes. The regulation of transcription factors belonging to the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family was analyzed in PHA-activated mononuclear cells and in purified T cells activated by cross-linking cell surface CD3. Cell activation resulted in a delayed induction of STAT DNA-binding activity, which was sustained for several days, was composed predominantly of Stat1 and Stat3, and was blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. Increased Stat1 and Stat3 mRNA and protein levels were detected, respectively 4 and 24 h after activation. Stimulation of the cAMP signal transduction pathway, which skews cytokine production toward a Th2 pattern, resulted in the preferential suppression of Stat1 activity. cAMP inhibited the induction of expression of IL-2 receptor components, but did not inhibit IL-4 receptor alpha-chain and CD69 expression or the induction of activator protein 1 transcription factors. cAMP signaling inhibited Stat1 at several different levels, including suppression of DNA binding and down-regulation of Stat1 protein and mRNA levels. Our results demonstrate the regulation of STAT activity by a signaling pathway that regulates the T cell functional phenotype and is distinct from the cytokine-activated Janus kinase-STAT signaling pathway.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Regulated nuclear import of the STAT1 transcription factor by direct binding of importin-alpha.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) reside in a latent state in the cytoplasm of the cell, but accumulate in the nucleus in response to cytokines or growth factors. Localization in the nucleus occurs following STAT tyrosine phosphorylation and dimerization. In this report we demonstrate a direct interaction of importin-alpha5 with tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 dimers, and provide evidence that a nuclear localization signal (NLS) exists in an inactive state within a STAT1 monomer. A mutation in STAT1 leucine 407 (L407A) is characterized, which generates a protein that is accurately tyrosine phosphorylated in response to interferon, dimerizes and binds DNA, but does not localize to the nucleus. The import defect of STAT1(L407A) appears to be a consequence of the inability of this protein to be recognized by its import shuttling receptor. In addition, we demonstrate that STAT1 binding to specific target DNA effectively blocks importin-alpha5 binding. This result may play a role in localizing STAT1 to its destination in the nucleus, and in releasing importin-alpha5 from STAT1 for recycling back to the cytoplasm.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1998

Activation of Raf-1 by interferon gamma and oncostatin M requires expression of the Stat1 transcription factor.

A primary signaling cascade responsible for the expression of cytokine-stimulated immediate early genes involves the activation of the Jak/Stat pathway. In addition to being tyrosine-phosphorylated, several signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats), including Stat1alpha, Stat3, and Stat4, are phosphorylated on a conserved serine residue, which is a consensus phosphorylation site for mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Serine phosphorylation of Stat1alpha is required for maximal transcriptional activation of early response genes by interferon gamma (IFNgamma) as well as the antiviral and antigrowth actions of this cytokine. Incubation of cells with either IFNgamma or oncostatin M (OSM) activates Raf-1, a serine/threonine kinase responsible for the ultimate activation of p42 MAPK. To examine whether any of the signaling components that are required for activation of the Jak/Stat pathway are also necessary for activation of Raf-1 by IFNs and OSM, we examined activation of Raf-1 in cell lines that are deficient in either Stat1alpha or Stat2. Unexpectedly, incubation of Stat1-deficient, but not Stat2-deficient cells with IFNgamma or OSM for 5 min displayed no increase in Raf-1 activity. In peripheral blood lymphocytes Raf-1 was associated with Stat1, and this interaction was disrupted after incubation of cells with IFNgamma. Stat1-negative cells reconstituted with either Stat1alpha or Stat1alpha with a point mutation in the site where it is serine-phosphorylated displayed normal activation of Raf-1 by IFNgamma and OSM. However, activation of Raf-1 was not observed in lines that expressed Stat1alpha containing a mutation in its tyrosine phosphorylation site or in its SH2 domain. These results provide the first example of a novel role of Stat1alpha not as a transcription factor, but as a protein which may function to scaffold signaling components required for activation of the distinct Raf/MEK/MAPK signaling cascade.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

MED12-STAT1-TAP2 axis regulates CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity and mediates immunotherapy outcome in non-small cell lung cancer.

Although immunotherapy for late-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has been clinically utilized, its prognosis remains highly heterogeneous, prompting us to investigate novel predictive immunotherapy biomarkers for NSCLC. We analyzed the correlations between MED12 nonsynonymous mutations and survival, clinical, genomic, transcriptomic information, and immune infiltration information through data mining across multiple datasets. We also investigated the mechanism of MED12 using luciferase assay, Western blot, ChIP-PCR, and siRNA. MED12 is significantly associated with survival in completely independent immunotherapy datasets, including MSKCC (N = 350), Naiyer2015 (N = 34), our own (N = 295) and the pan-cancer dataset, but not in the TCGA dataset, where patients received non-immunotherapy regimens. Mutations in MED12 showed no significant correlation with known metrics (TMB, IPS/CTLA4/PD1 status, PD-1/PD-L1 expression, and TCR/BCR status) or DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathway mutations, yet they carried independent prognostic information according to the Cox multivariate regression. On the other hand, MED12 mutation is significantly associated with multiple immune-related pathways and immune infiltration of CD8 + T cells and activated NK cells. Lactate dehydrogenase assay revealed that knockdown of TAP2 restored the upregulation of CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity triggered by MED12 knockdown. ChIP-PCR, luciferase assay and siRNA knock down assay indicate that MED12 binds to the promoter region of STAT1 to suppress its transcription, while the transcription factor STAT1 promotes the transcription of TAP2, thus inhibiting the antigen processing and presentation. Collectively, MED12 mutation is an independent and valuable biomarker for predicting the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)therapy in NSCLC by modulating CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity via the STAT1/TAP2 axis.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Toward pathogenesis of Apert cleft palate: FGF, FGFR, and TGF beta genes are differentially expressed in sequential stages of human palatal shelf fusion.

OBJECTIVE: Critical cellular events at the palatal medial edge epithelium (MEE) occur in unperturbed mammalian palatogenesis, the molecular control of which involves a number of growth factors including transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF beta 3). Apert syndrome is a monogenic human disorder in which cleft palate has been significantly correlated to the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 2-Ser252Trp mutation. We report the relative expression of these genes in human palatogenesis. METHODS: The expression of the IgIIIa/b and IgIIIa/c transcript isoforms of FGFR2 and the proteins FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 was studied in situ throughout the temporospatial sequence of human palatal shelf fusion and correlated with the expression of TGF beta 3. In addition, the immunolocalization of the ligand FGFs 2, 4, and 7 was undertaken together with the intracellular transcription factor STAT1, which is activated by FGFR signaling. RESULTS: FGFRs are differentially expressed in the mesenchyme and epithelia of fusing palatal shelves, in domains overlapping those of their ligands FGF4 and FGF2 but not FGF7. Coexpression is seen with TGF beta 3, which is implicated in MEE dynamics and FGF and FGFR upregulation, and STAT1, an intracellular transcription factor that mediates apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The coregulation of molecules of the FGFR signaling pathway with TGF beta 3 throughout the stages of human palatal fusion suggests their controlling influence on apoptosis and epitheliomesenchymal transdifferentiation at the MEE. Experimental evidence links FGFR2-IgIIIa/b loss of function with palatal clefting, and these correlated data suggest a unique pathological mechanism for Apert cleft palate.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed2005

Nuclear export determines the cytokine sensitivity of STAT transcription factors.

Cytokine-dependent gene activation critically depends upon the tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) of STAT transcription factors at membrane-bound cytokine receptors. The extent of STAT activation and hence the specificity of signaling is primarily determined by structural complementarity between the SH2 domain of the STATs and the tyrosine-phosphorylated receptor chains. Here, we identified constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling as another mechanism that controls the differential activation of STAT transcription factors. Our analysis of nucleocytoplasmic cycling of STAT1 revealed that the expression of the alternatively spliced transactivation domain and its signal-dependent serine phosphorylation maximized the rate of nuclear export. Export modulation occurred independently of retention factors or the export receptor CRM1, and was observed both before and during stimulation of cells with cytokines. Our data indicated a dual role for the transactivation domain. It enhanced the nuclear retention of activated STAT1, but had the opposite effect on inactivated molecules. Accordingly, and despite their identical receptor recognition, the STAT1 splice variants differed strongly in the amplitude of tyrosine phosphorylation and in the duration of the cytokine signal. Thus, regulated nuclear export determined the cytokine sensitivity of the shuttling STAT1 transcription factors by controlling their availability at the receptor kinase complex.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1995

Proline-rich sequence-mediated Jak2 association to the prolactin receptor is required but not sufficient for signal transduction.

The prolactin receptor (PRLR) belongs to the superfamily of cytokine/growth hormone/prolactin receptors. Members of this family do not contain a tyrosine kinase domain but are associated with cytoplasmic kinases of the Jak family. Here, we examine different mutants of the PRLR with respect to their ability to associate and activate the kinase Jak2 and the transcription factor Stat1. Moreover, using a biological assay system we are able to correlate these activities with activation of prolactin-responsive gene transcription. Our results indicate that interaction between Jak2 and PRLR requires a proline-rich sequence in the membrane proximal region of the receptor, which is conserved among the different members of the cytokine receptor superfamily. We also show that association of Jak2 with the receptor is sufficient for activation of the kinase as well as the transcription factor Stat1. Moreover, our findings indicate that association of PRLR with Jak2 is necessary but not sufficient for the transmission of a lactogenic signal. We have identified two other cytoplasmic regions of the PRLR that are required for activation of transcription. These two regions are located between boxes 1 and 2 and are in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the receptor. These sites probably involve specific interactions with other effector molecules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗