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PubMed2026

Complete genome of multiply antibiotic resistant ST10 Acinetobacter baumannii isolate NL6 from Vietnam and relationship to available ST10 genomes.

The genome of NL6, a multiply antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST10:KL49:OCL2 carriage isolate from Vietnam, was sequenced using Nanopore technology, and complete chromosome and plasmid sequences were assembled from the long reads and available short reads. Resistance genes and their locations were identified, and transfer of a conjugative plasmid carrying several resistance genes into a new host was tested. The acquired resistance genes in NL6 were distributed between the chromosome and two of three plasmids present. The chromosome carries multiple copies of several insertion sequences, an incomplete copy of the ISAba1-bounded Tn6250 that includes the sul2 and strAB genes, and an integrative element carrying copper resistance genes designated IECuR. Plasmid pNL6-2 (r3-T5; 15 Kbp) is a Rep_3/OrfX plasmid that includes a tet39 dif module, and pNL6-3 (r3-T20; 66.9 Kbp) carries aacC2d, aphA6, and blaCARB-16 and a second ampC gene preceded by an ISAba1. Conjugation of pNL6-3 into derivatives of ATCC17978 was demonstrated, confirming that the ampC gene confers resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. NL6 was compared to other complete ST10 genomes. Several acquired elements in the chromosome were shared with the ST10 isolate LAC-4 (USA), indicating shared ancestry, but the plasmid content differed. The KL and plasmid content were variable in 17 further complete ST10 genomes downloaded from GenBank. Tn6250 and IECuR were only found together in the chromosome of two further KL49 isolates. Antibiotic resistance in ST10 A. baumannii was acquired mainly via plasmid acquisition, but resistance genes varied, and a variety of plasmids was involved.IMPORTANCEMembers of the CC10 clonal complex of Acinetobacter baumannii comprising ST10 plus single and double locus variants are known to be particularly virulent. However, antibiotic resistance in members of this group has rarely been examined. Here, determination of the complete genome (chromosome and plasmids) of a representative ST10 isolate from Vietnam allowed the context and location of acquired antibiotic resistance genes and of other mobile genetic elements to be determined. Mobile genetic element locations in completed chromosomes facilitate comparisons of potentially related genomes, revealing those with recent shared ancestry. Differences in plasmid content can also be examined.

Acinetobacter baumannii↗
PubMed1991

Killing of Streptococcus uberis by bovine neutrophils following growth in chemically defined media.

Following growth in a chemically defined medium (CDM), five strains of Streptococcus uberis were tested for their ability to survive killing by bovine neutrophils. Strains 0140J, ST10, EF20 and C221 were easily killed, whereas strain C197C was highly resistant. The ability of strain 0140J to resist phagocytosis and killing was increased by supplementation of the growth medium with milk whey, casaminoacids, casein, or, to a lesser extent, bovine serum. Supplementation of the growth medium with yeast extract or bovine serum albumin did not affect the resistance of this strain. Following growth in CDM supplemented with casein, strains ST10 and C221, like strain 0140J, were significantly more resistant to killing by neutrophils. The resistance of strains EF20 and C197C was unaffected by the addition of casein to the medium; strain EF20 remained susceptible and strain C197C highly resistant to killing. The effect of supplementing the growth media with components other than casein was only studied for strain 0140J. Decapsulation of strains C197C, ST10 and 0140J, grown in CDM + casein, with type-X hyaluronidase did not significantly affect their ability to survive in the presence of bovine neutrophils.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2026

First identification and molecular subtyping of Blastocystis spp. in donkeys in Aksaray province, Türkiye.

Blastocystis is a common intestinal protist worldwide that can infect humans and animals. Although its molecular epidemiology in Türkiye is mostly focused primarily on humans and livestock, equids have received limited attention despite their traditional roles and frequent contact with humans and other animals in rural environments. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of Blastocystis spp. in donkeys in Aksaray Province, providing the first molecular data on donkeys in Türkiye. A total of 182 fresh fecal samples were collected from donkeys in nine villages within Aksaray province. Genomic DNA was extracted, and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene fragment of Blastocystis spp. was amplified via PCR analysis. Positive isolates were sequenced bidirectionally for identification and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis in donkeys. The overall molecular prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in donkeys was 4.4% (8/182). The infection rate was higher in young donkeys (under 3 years old; 8.33%) than in adults (3 years or older; 2.46%). However, this difference was not statistically significant. Sequence analysis of the positive PCR products revealed the presence of one known livestock-specific subtype, ST10. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ST10 isolates characterized in this study clustered with isolates identified from different hosts. This study provides the first molecular data on Blastocystis presence in donkeys in Türkiye. The exclusive detection of ST10 suggests potential cross-species transmission, likely facilitated by the traditional practice of co-housing donkeys with other animals in confined barns. These findings indicate that donkeys may contribute to Blastocystis transmission, underscoring the importance of a "One Health" approach in future epidemiological surveillance.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of precision of ST-segment measurement on identification and quantification of coronary artery disease by the ST/HR index.

To assess the effect of varying precision of ST-segment depression measurement on test performance of the ST-segment/heart rate (ST/HR) index for the identification and quantification of coronary artery disease, the exercise electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 100 clinically normal subjects and 154 patients with angiographically proved coronary disease were reviewed. The ST/HR index was calculated by dividing the maximal additional ST-segment depression at end exercise by the exercise-induced change in heart rate. ST-segment depression was measured to the nearest 10 microV (ST10) at a point 60 ms after the J point on a computerized exercise ECG system, and was subsequently rounded down to the nearest 50 microV (ST50) and the nearest 100 microV (ST100) to simulate measurements to these precisions. An ST10/HR index partition of 1.60 microV/bpm with a specificity of 95% (95/100) in normal subjects identified the presence of coronary disease with a sensitivity of 94% (144/154). Precision of ST-segment measurement significantly affected sensitivity for coronary disease. At matched specificity of 95%, an ST50/HR index partition of 1.55 microV/bpm had a sensitivity of 88% (135/154, p less than 0.01) and an ST100/HR index partition of 1.22 microV/bpm had a sensitivity of 84% (130/154, p less than 0.001) for the detection of coronary obstructions. Comparison of receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) confirmed the superior overall performance of the ST/HR index using ST10 measurements for the identification of coronary disease. By contrast, test performance for the identification of three-vessel coronary disease was not affected by the precision of ST-segment measurement with no significant difference in test sensitivity or areas under respective ROCs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed2026

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Across Poultry-Human-Environmental Interfaces.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in poultry represents a critical One Health concern, particularly in developing countries. This study employed a comparative genomic approach to investigate the genomic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, virulence determinants, of poultry-derived MDR E. coli isolates from Bangladesh. Whole-genome sequencing of three representative MDR isolates, identified with 83 globally diverse poultry, human, and environmental E. coli genomes. Pangenome analysis identified the characteristic open pangenome of E. coli, with core genes comprising only 4.6% of the combined dataset. Resistome analysis shown diverse AMR determinants, including blaCTX-M, blaTEM, sul, tet, and qnrS1, associated with antibiotic inactivation and efflux mechanisms. Virulence profiling revealed diverse genes involved in adhesion (fim, csg), iron acquisition (ent, fep, chu), motility, and secretion systems, with core virulence genes exhibiting > 90% sequence identity, whereas accessory virulence genes were more variable. Plasmid analysis demonstrated heterogeneous replicon types, predominantly IncF and Col plasmids, indicating their role in horizontal gene transfer. Jaccard similarity indices revealed moderate to high genetic overlap with global strains (~0.63 for virulence genes and ~0.55 for AMR profiles), suggesting shared evolutionary backgrounds. Phylogenomic and MLST identified all Bangladeshi isolates as ST457, clustering within a globally distributed clonal complex linked to ST10 and ST131 lineages. These findings suggest that the three Bangladeshi poultry-derived E. coli isolates are genetically related to globally circulating strains while harboring extensive resistance and virulence determinants, emphasizing poultry as an important reservoir of MDR pathogens and reinforcing the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship and genomic surveillance.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Molecular-based evidence for school transmission of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli among apparently healthy children attending nursery, infant, and primary schools in Madrid (Spain).

UNLABELLED: Information on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and public health impact of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infection in schoolchildren from high-income countries is scarce. This study investigated the occurrence of EAEC infections in apparently healthy children (0-12 years) attending nursery, infant, and primary schools in Spain. High-resolution whole-genome sequencing typing was used to detect and trace back unnoticed episodes of transmission within school settings. An overall EAEC prevalence of 5.1% was observed, with children in the 0-3 age group showing the highest prevalence (24.2%). Besides their gastrointestinal potential, 17% of EAEC isolates revealed an additional urinary/systemic pathogenic potential. Presumptive outbreaks of EAEC infection were identified in two different nursery schools involving the endemic subtypes O126:H27-ST200 (15 children) and O111:H21-ST40 (12 children). Most affected children shared caregivers and common areas including activity, eating, sleeping, and diapering/toileting rooms. Direct person-to-person transmission was highly suspected, although foodborne transmission could not be completely ruled out. Six independent micro-foci of EAEC infections were additionally identified in five different infant and primary schools also involving O126:H27-ST200 (two children) and O111:H21-ST40 (three children), as well as O3:H2-ST10 (three children), O44:H18-ST1380 (two children and two siblings), and ONT:H33-ST34 (four children). No clear information was available on the sources of infection and transmission routes in these settings. CONCLUSION: Apparently healthy Spanish schoolchildren may be carriers and potential spreaders of certain EAEC subtypes with gastrointestinal/extra-intestinal pathogenic potential. While transmission within school settings appears to be the most likely explanation for the EAEC genomic clusters identified, particularly among toddlers, extra-school infections through alternative pathways cannot be entirely ruled out. WHAT IS KNOWN: • EAEC is increasingly considered as an important agent of domestically acquired paediatric diarrhoea in high-income countries. • Endemic EAEC subtypes differ between low- and high-income countries. WHAT IS NEW: • Apparently healthy children in high-income countries may be carriers and potential spreaders of certain EAEC subtypes with gastrointestinal/extra-intestinal pathogenic potential. • Transmission of endemic EAEC subtypes can occur within school settings, particularly during early childhood, without precluding other transmission modes.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Transmission of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance gene flow across One Health compartments in eastern Africa: a whole-genome sequence analysis from a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The One Health paradigm considers interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health. However, there is little evidence from high-income countries to support the importance of a One Health approach to addressing spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Given AMR is a global threat, understanding how the close interactions of humans with animals and the environment in low-income settings affect the spread of AMR is important. We aimed to investigate diversity and transmission of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli across household-linked One Health compartments using genomic data. METHODS: We sequenced whole genomes of ESBL-producing E coli isolates from humans, animals, and the environment from a prospective, longitudinal cohort study conducted in Malawi (April 29, 2019, to Dec 3, 2020) and Uganda (July 16, 2020, to Aug 6, 2021). In the cohort study, 259 households were enrolled at baseline in Malawi and 92 in Uganda from a mix of urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. Households were followed up at months 1, 3, and 6 in Malawi and at months 1, 2, and 4 in Uganda. Samples collected at each visit included human and animal stool, environmental samples from hand-contact areas, food, and water, and broader environmental samples such as river water. Samples were cultured in buffered peptone water and then ESBL chromogenic agar to isolate ESBL-producing E coli. ESBL-producing E coli isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing. We performed phylogenetic analyses, and in-silico multi-locus sequence typing, characterised AMR determinants and linked genotypes with sample location, ecological source, and other covariates. We performed fine-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and network analysis to infer strain and plasmid transmission across ecological compartments. The primary outcome was colonisation with ESBL-producing E coli. Secondary outcomes were genomic clusters and ESBL genomic determinants within and between One Health compartments. FINDINGS: We found high diversity of ESBL-producing E coli, with 170 sequence types and 166 genomic clusters identified from 2344 genomes, including 1814 genomes from Malawi (907 human, 221 animal, and 686 environmental) and 530 genomes from Uganda (380 human, 147 animal, and three environmental). Sequence type (ST)131 dominated in Malawi (209 [11·5%] of 1814 genomes), and ST10 dominated in Uganda (45 [8·5%] of 530 genomes). Common ESBL genes blaCTX-M-15 (1604 [68·4%] of 2344 genomes) and blaCTX-M-27 (336 [14·3%] of 2344 genomes) were carried on a complex network of 55 and 30 different plasmids. This diversity of plasmids presented multiple pathways for dissemination and revealed high force of selection. Phylogenetic analyses revealed common intermixing of isolates between humans, animals, and the environment. SNP transmission analysis revealed ecologically overlapping clusters, suggesting ESBL-producing E coli co-circulation both within and between compartments with frequent spillover events. Applying a five-SNP threshold, we inferred 463 human-environment transmission events, 146 human-animal events, and 142 animal-environment events. INTERPRETATION: Our work suggests that a One Health approach is crucial to addressing AMR in eastern Africa. Improving water, sanitation, and hygiene systems will create a safer environment, reduce spillovers of AMR bacteria between compartments, and eventually reduce AMR reservoirs in the environment and in animals. FUNDING: Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health and Care Research, and Wellcome Trust.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Herd-level heterogeneity of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli: A nationwide high-throughput survey of Australian pig herds.

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli provides a useful indicator for overall antimicrobial resistance burden. We applied this approach to assess antimicrobial resistance within and between commercial pig herds across Australia. A high-throughput robotic workflow was used to isolate 2730 E. coli colonies from rectal contents collected in 2022 from healthy slaughter pigs (n = 300) representing 30 herds (∼70% of national production). Up to 94 isolates per herd underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Robotic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Platform. Isolate- and herd-level antimicrobial resistance indices were calculated, weighting antimicrobials by their human health importance. Resistance to first-line agents was widespread: ampicillin 77% and tetracycline 79%. By contrast, resistance to critically important antimicrobials was rare (ciprofloxacin 0.11%; extended-spectrum cephalosporins 0.04%), and no clinical resistance to carbapenems or colistin was detected. Overall, 56.9% of isolates were multi-class resistant. Herd-level antimicrobial resistance within indices ranged from 1.51 to 5.76, revealing substantial between-herd heterogeneity. Three herds carried critically important antimicrobials-resistant isolates that would likely have been missed using conventional, lower-density sampling approaches. Whole-genome sequencing identified fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates belonging to ST10 and ST69 (both qnrS1), and ST744 (Quinolone Resistance Determining Region mutations plus blaCTX-M-27). By testing approximately tenfold more isolates than conventional surveys, we uncovered considerable antimicrobial resistance with heterogeneity within and between animals and herds, including farm-specific variability. This expanded sampling also enabled detection of critically important antimicrobial resistance at very low prevalence. In conclusion, high-throughput, high-density testing offers a practical early-warning system and herd-level benchmark to inform surveillance and targeted interventions.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genomic epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli across humans, poultry and wastewater sectors in Douala, Cameroon.

BACKGROUND: The global health threat of antimicrobial resistance involves the human, animal and environmental sectors. Data from Cameroon are scarce. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to define extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) rates and associated risk factors across the three sectors in Douala, Cameroon, and to define molecular characteristics of isolates. METHODS: From June 2022 to May 2023, we collected blood cultures from hospitalized patients, rectal swabs from healthy pregnant women, caeca from broiler chickens and environmental wastewater. Samples were screened for ESBL-Ec using CHROMAgar™ ESBL and cefotaxime-supplemented Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion following EUCAST guidelines. Whole-genome sequencing was carried out using Illumina technology. RESULTS: Of 628 samples, 374 yielded ESBL-Ec. Prevalence was 54.6% (131/240) in pregnant women, 70.4% (169/240) in chickens and 93.1% (67/72) in wastewater. The proportion of ESBL-Ec among E. coli-positive-blood cultures was 9.2% (7/76). Multi-family household living was independently associated with ESBL-Ec carriage among pregnant women (adjusted odds ratio = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-3.1, P = 0.03). High co-resistance (>70%) was observed for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Sequencing of 32 isolates revealed 45 distinct resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-15 (n = 13, 40.6%), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 11, 34.4%) and last-resort antibiotic resistance genes mcr-1 and bla OXA-181. High-risk sequence types included ST131 (pregnant women) and ST10 (chickens). Notably, ST48 was shared between pregnant women and chickens, and ST155 between pregnant women and wastewater. CONCLUSION: Cross-sectoral ESBL-Ec in Douala exhibits high genomic diversity and alarming resistance. The occurrence of last-resort genes requires immediate One Health surveillance and coordinated interventions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

First Report of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp. and Blastocystis spp. in Hair Goats in Türkiye.

INTRODUCTION: Blastocystis spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. are prevalent zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites that cause severe diarrhoea and enteric diseases in humans and animals worldwide. This study investigated the molecular occurrence, genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi, Blastocystis spp. and Encephalitozoon spp. in domestic hair goats in Central Anatolia. METHODS: A total of 300 faecal samples were collected from hair goats in Kayseri, Aksaray and Sivas Provinces and genomic DNA was extracted from these samples. The presence of the three pathogens was detected using PCR and nested PCR targeting the SSU rRNA for Blastocystis spp., the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for E. bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp., respectively. Positive PCR products were sequenced to determine the species, subtypes and genotypes of the pathogens. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rates of E. bieneusi and Blastocystis spp. were 5.3% (16/300) and 6.7% (20/300), respectively. None of the faecal samples tested was positive for Encephalitozoon spp. and no co-infections among these three pathogens were detected. The SSU rRNA sequence analysis revealed Blastocystis spp. ST10, a subtype predominantly associated with animals. Additionally, one known E. bieneusi genotype (BEB6) was identified. The BEB6 genotype falls into zoonotic Group 2 of E. bieneusi in the phylogenetic tree. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first report of Blastocystis spp. and E. bieneusi infection in hair goats in Türkiye, highlighting their potential role in zoonotic transmission within a One Health framework. Our results provide scientific data for the prevention and control of these two intestinal pathogens. Further investigations are necessary to better understand their genetic characteristics and zoonotic potential in Türkiye.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi↗
PubMed2026

In vitro susceptibility testing of aztreonam-avibactam against predominantly NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Peru.

Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales are distributed worldwide, but some Latin American countries show a higher prevalence. Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) may be an option for treating these infections. To evaluate in vitro susceptibility to aztreonam (ATM) alone and ATM-AVI in carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales isolates, based on the type of carbapenemase production, we prospectively collected carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales isolates from Peruvian hospitals during 2023-2024. Identification and susceptibility testing were performed by commercial panels and disk diffusion. Carbapenemases were detected by immunochromatography. ATM and ATM-AVI MICs were determined using broth microdilution panels with avibactam fixed at 4 µg/mL. The non-susceptible isolates to ATM-AVI and those with double production of carbapenemases underwent whole-genome sequencing. A total of 438 Enterobacterales isolates were analyzed; carbapenemase production was detected in 422 (96.3%) and NDM was the most frequent (61.9%). Coproduction of NDM + KPC in K. pneumoniae and NDM + OXA-48-like in Escherichia coli was observed. Overall, 99.3% were susceptible to ATM-AVI; MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.12 and 2 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, K. pneumoniae isolates had lower MIC50 and MIC90 values to ATM-AVI (0.12 and 0.5 µg/mL) compared to E. coli (0.5 and 4 µg/mL). Three E. coli isolates were resistant to ATM-AVI (MIC ≥ 8 µg/mL), they belonged to ST410, ST167, and ST10 and harbored a YRIN insertion in PBP3 along with CYM-type, PER-type, and CTX-M-type beta-lactamase genes. ATM-AVI demonstrated potent activity against carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales, including those producing NDM, which is the carbapenemase most frequently detected in Peruvian hospitals.IMPORTANCEEnterobacterales isolates cause common illnesses in humans. Carbapenems are the antibiotics used to treat several of these infections, and increasingly, isolates resistant to these antibiotics are found. The most important mechanism of resistance to carbapenem among Enterobacterales is the production of enzymes called carbapenemases. Our results allowed us to recognize that NDM is the most frequent type of carbapenemase detected. Most of the antimicrobials available do not cover the Enterobacterales carrying NDM carbapenemase. In this scenario, we found that the new combination of drugs, aztreonam-avibactam, has high in vitro efficacy against most of the carbapenem-resistant isolates and against those isolates carrying NDM carbapenemase.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed2026

Drug-resistant genes, virulence characteristics, and molecular typing of clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae in late pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus agalactiae increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal infections. Clindamycin is a key alternative for intrapartum prophylaxis in penicillin-allergic women, but the prevalence of clindamycin-resistant S. agalactiae is increasing, posing a significant clinical challenge. METHODS: A total of 178 strains isolated from tertiary hospitals in Jinan and Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, were characterized using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, multilocus sequence typing, serotyping, and analysis of resistance and virulence genes. RESULTS: All strains were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, linezolid, vancomycin, and tigecycline. In contrast, resistance rates to erythromycin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline were 95.5%, 60.1%, and 56.7%, respectively. Six serotypes and 15 sequence types belonging to eight clonal complexes were identified. Notable regional differences were observed. The Ib-ST10-CC12 lineage dominated in Jinan, whereas V-ST529-CC327 was predominant in Qingdao. The resistance gene mreA was ubiquitous (100%), followed by ermB (80.3%). The key virulence genes cylE, hylB, and pavA, were detected in all strains. fbsA (99.4%), the alpha protein family (98.9%), cfb (98.3%), the Pilus Island gene cluster (94.9%), and lmb (92.7%) were also highly prevalent. The two major clindamycin resistance genes, erm and lnuB, exhibited distinctly different enrichment patterns among S. agalactiae clonal complexes, despite a certain overlap in CC19 and CC327. Specifically, erm was significantly enriched in CC12 (serotype Ib), CC19 (III/V), and CC327 (III/V). In contrast, lnuB was predominantly restricted to CC19 and CC327, where it defined a unique phylogenetic subcluster. Significant differences in resistance and virulence gene profiles were observed across different clonal complexes. CONCLUSION: Clindamycin-resistant S. agalactiae in late-pregnancy women in Shandong Province, China exhibits a broad resistance spectrum, diverse molecular types, and significant regional heterogeneity. These findings underscore the need for continued surveillance and region-specific strategies for preventing neonatal S. agalactiae infections.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Cellular composition of rat bone marrow stroma. Antigen-defined subpopulations.

Although stromal cells establish the architecture of mammalian bone marrow and organize hemopoiesis, the interrelationships among their macrophage, fibroblastic, endothelial, and adipocyte-like components are not wholly understood. Using murine monoclonal antibodies to cultured adherent cells of rat bone marrow, we observed that the predominant fibroblastoid cells grown from marrow differed from those of non-hemopoietic organs. The marrow type bore a detectable quantity of the ST3 but not ST4 antigen, whereas those from lung, diaphragm, and epididymal fat pad, bore more ST4 than ST3. Those from spleen were an equal mix of both types. Although the tissue distribution of the ST3 antigen was similar to that of Thy-1, it was not identical, and in the brain, the two structures were localized in different areas. While none of the ST3, ST4 (fibroblast directed), or BN(MB)35 (myeloid directed) antibodies recognized fat cells cultured from marrow, the ST10 antibody, selected for binding to marrow derived fat cells, stained peripheral adipose cells, unidentified aglobular cells in areas of fat cell formation, and macrophages, but not fibroblasts. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that the fibroblastoid cells of the marrow are different from those of non-hemopoietic tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗