Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SPORTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Physical fitness and sports skills in relation to sports injuries. A four-year prospective investigation of sports injuries among physical education students.

In order to study the relationship between physical fitness/sport-specific skills and sports injuries 136 physical education students were studied during their 4-years of training in a prospective investigation. Physical fitness was measured every year using a battery of fitness tests, and the performance marks of a number of sports scored at the exams of the academy were used as parameters for the sport-specific skills. Sports injuries were recorded every 3 weeks on standard forms. Relative risk ratios were calculated between the tertile groups good, average and poor for all variables of physical fitness and sport-specific skills. Injury-proneness was defined for all and for acute and chronic injuries separately near the median number of injuries sustained. In only 6 out of 126 computed relative risks was a significant difference found. Discriminant analysis revealed an explanation of 16%, 14% and 11% of the variance for respectively all, acute and chronic injuries, at which 5 or 6 variables in varying combination were included. From our findings it may be concluded that physical fitness and sport-specific skills have little impact on sports injuries for the following two main reasons. Firstly, subjects at risk for sports injuries participate per definition in sports activities and have consequently developed their fitness and skills compared to the sedentary population. Thus, the range in physical fitness or sports skills in the population at risk is relatively small (physical education students belong to the 7th-10th decile in fitness test scores within a general college student population) and therefore an effect is hard to show. Secondly, the total number of sports injuries is very small and moreover, it should be distributed over several categories for analysis. The favourable advantages of using physical education students to study intrinsic risk factors (comparable and varied sports program, excellent compliance) appeared to be insufficient to compensate for drawbacks of selection.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Exploratory factor analysis of the Sport Orientation Questionnaire and the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire in a Japanese sport setting.

This study examined sport achievement orientation within the japanese sport setting. 1,836 male and 425 female athletes (M age = 18.6 yr.) from 47 sports completed the Japanese version of the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (24 items), and 1,781 males and 421 females (M age = 18.6 yr.) from 47 sports completed that of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (14 items). While the original English versions of the questionnaires are composed of three and two factors, respectively, present exploratory factor analyses identified four factors in the Sport Orientation Questionnaire and three in the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. In this study, two types of the SOQ Competitiveness and the TEOSQ Ego Orientation emerged even though the original versions included only one type. A one-way analysis of variance indicated that sex differences were significant for all subscales. Sex differences in the Sport Orientation Questionnaire of Japanese resembled those of Americans. The overall factor reliability and validity based on the sample suggested that the modified Japanese versions of the two questionnaires can be valuable in the investigation of sport achievement orientation in Japanese sport and exercise settings.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

[Traumatology in indoor handball sports. A sports medicine analysis of the incidence of injuries and accident epidemiology of indoor handball sports in senior players in the Federal Republic of Germany after 1981].

Indoor handball sport is steadily gaining in importance in Germany in terms of sports medicine: not only is there a rapid increase of the number of members of the German Handball Association (DHB), but also an increase of sport injuries caused by handball playing, both in respect of incidence and severity. Sport injuries of 286 indoor handball players of the Federal German teams of senior players that occurred during the past 5 years, were analysed. 540 injuries and damage caused by stress were analysed that had been given medical attention; these were included in the survey and classified according to epidemiology and incidence. It is possible to advance suggestions regarding the prevention of injuries on this basis, with particular emphasis on changing the rules governing indoor handball playing in the sense of restricting the physically emphasised manner of playing which is particularly injury-prone.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between sport knowledge, sport performance and academic ability: empirical evidence from GCSE Physical Education. General Certificate of Secondary Education.

The literature concerning links between sport knowledge, sport performance and academic ability is reviewed and related to empirical evidence obtained from a GCSE examination in Physical Education, together with GCSE Mathematics and GCSE English grades. For most sports examined, there was a small but significant positive correlation between sport performance and GCSE Mathematics and English grades, confirming the findings of most previous research. Using a multilevel multivariate model, average sport performance, academic ability and sex were important explanatory variables for sport knowledge, yet only academic ability was an important explanatory variable for the concept of physical education knowledge. Ability in game sports, rather than athletics, were related to sport knowledge. Males scored higher for sport knowledge than females, after taking into account sport performance and academic ability. The effects of sport performance and academic ability on sport knowledge were stable across schools, but there was some evidence that the effect of sex varied across schools. These findings support theories of a role for sport knowledge in sport performance; that such a role should be greater in game sports; that academic ability is important for gaining such knowledge; and they highlight differences in sport knowledge between the sexes.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The myth of "healthism" in organized sports: implications for health promotion sponsorship of sports and the arts.

PURPOSE: The study examines the association of involvement in sports and arts with five health risk factors. The aims were to evaluate the argument that promotion of sports alone will achieve health objectives and to assess the suitability of sports and arts populations as targets for health promotion sponsorship. DESIGN: Personal and telephone cross-sectional surveys were performed in Western Australia in 1992 (N = 2629) and 1994 (N = 2031). SETTING: Sports and arts venues in Western Australia. SUBJECTS: Random samples of household respondents aged 16 to 69 years. MEASURES: Measures of association between risk factors and involvement in sports and the arts were adjusted for sex, age, residence, income, and other types of sports/arts involvement. RESULTS: Spectators attending sports events, who were not members of organized sports clubs, were more likely to possess three or more risk factors than nonparticipants (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.20-1.70). They were more likely to report cigarette smoking, unsafe alcohol drinking, and poor sun protection practices. Sports club members had a similar profile of risk factors, except that their prevalence of smoking was reduced and they were much less likely to report inadequate physical exercise. The most elevated risk factor in sports populations was unsafe alcohol drinking (OR = 1.81 in club members, 1.88 in spectators, and 2.25 in spectators who were also members). Arts populations were less likely than average to report elevated risk factors, especially in the case of members of arts organizations who also attended arts events (for three or more risk factors, OR = 0.59; 95% CI .45-.75). However, the majority of arts respondents had at least two risk factors. Levels of inadequate exercise in arts populations were the same as those in sports populations. CONCLUSIONS: The promotion of sports alone is unlikely to achieve health objectives. Highest priority in the use of health promotion sponsorship funds should be given to the populations attending sports events and involved as members of sports clubs. Investment in arts sponsorship is warranted, but at a lower level than health sponsorship of sports.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medicine in sports or sport medicine?] ].

Sports medicine is a profession pertaining to primary health care of sport population (competitors, coaches, referees, participants in sports recreation). It embraces the physical and mental health protection and promotion of participants in relation to a particular sport activity and sport environment, directing athletes to a sport and adapting them to sport and the sport to them. Sports medicine takes part in selection procedure, training process planning and programming, and cares for epidemiological, hygienic, nutritional and other problems in sport. The Republic of Croatia belongs to those world states in which the field of sports medicine is regulated neither by a law or by profession. A consequence is that wide circle of physicians and paramedics work in clubs and various medical units without any legal or/and professional control not being adequately educated nor having licence for it. This review is an appeal to the Croatian Medical Chamber and the Ministry of Health to make efforts to promote the education and medical profession in sports medicine.

Croatia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sports for the elderly in a sports active aging society].

The number of elderly people is growing. The next generation will grow older taking a more active part in sport than the present one. The halving of the number of younger members of the population, and thus the declining number of people participating in sport is furthering the interest of sports clubs in the elderly. At present the programmes of sport for the elderly run by sports associations are still at an initial stage. Sports clubs and the planning of the development of sports facilities in towns and villages are confronted by a new situation-that of the growing number of elderly people taking an active part in sport. In 1988/89 the Institute for Development Planning and Structural Research at the University of Hanover carried out five regional case studies into the sports behaviour of the elderly and into their motives and expectations with regard to sport. More than 10,000 people participated in the representative surveys. They came from towns and villages with a rural character in the Federal Republic of Germany. Structures and development perspectives on the subject of "Sport by Elderly" are outlined from a social science aspect.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence and nature of sports injuries in Ireland. Analysis of four types of sport.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence of sports injuries in Ireland and to analyze various ways of quantifying the seriousness of these injuries. A 12-month, prospective study was carried out on 324 Irish athletes involved at a high level of sports participation in one of the following categories: endurance, contact, noncontact, or explosive sports. Results were expressed in four ways: 1) number of injuries per year; 2) days injured per year; 3) number of injuries per 10,000 hours of participation; and 4) duration of injury per 1000 hours of participation. The average athlete sustained 1.17 acute and 0.93 overuse injuries per year and suffered the effects of sports injury for 52 days. More time was lost through overuse injuries than acute injuries. The incidence of acute injuries per 10,000 hours of participation was lowest in the noncontact sports and highest in the contact sports, but there was no difference in the incidence of overuse injuries between any of the four categories of sport. The injury rate per 10,000 hours of participation was lowest in noncontact and explosive sports and highest in contact sports. However, when expressed in terms of days lost per 1000 hours of participation, endurance sports had the lowest incidence of time loss and explosive sports the highest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Sport-related dental injury claims to the New Zealand Accident Rehabilitation & Compensation Insurance Corporation, 1993-1996: analysis of the 10 most common sports, excluding rugby union.

A large number of New Zealanders participate in sport, either formally or informally; sporting injuries are common. In New Zealand, the Accident Rehabilitation & Compensation Insurance Corporation (ACC) is the main organisation that covers sports-related dental claims. Rugby union claims are the most common. The ACC's national data from 1993 to 1996 relating to dental claims for sports injuries (excluding rugby union) were analysed. This study identified 45 other sports in which participants are also at risk for dental injuries. Total claims per sport for each year were determined, and the "top 10" sports for claims per year were identified and compared for any change over the years studied. The top 10 sports for 1993 and 1994 were, in descending order: swimming, rugby league, basketball, cricket, hockey, soccer, netball, squash, softball-baseball, and tennis. Data for 1995 and 1996 revealed a similar trend, except that touch rugby displaced tennis as the tenth-ranked sport. The most common age group for claims was the age group 10-19 years, with a male:female ratio of approximately 2:1. Many sports, in addition to rugby union, place their participants at risk of dental injury. Awareness of prevention of dental injuries should be more widely promoted for all sports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Current comment from the American College of Sports Medicine. August 1993--"The prevention of sport injuries of children and adolescents".

Many children and adolescents choose to participate in organized sports for fun and fitness, and to develop sports skills. However, new injury patterns are developing as the number of children and adolescents in organized sports increases--injury patterns that were not apparent when youth spent most of their sport and fitness time in free play. Up to one half of all injuries that are sustained by children and adolescents while playing organized sports are likely preventable. Attention to physical deficits, training methods, safety equipment, and psychological health should decrease the incidence of these injuries. As the governing bodies of specific sports develop safety guidelines for young athletes, adults involved with youth sports must become aware of these guidelines and assist with their implementation. This pronouncement addresses methods for decreasing the number and severity of these injuries. It delineates injury prevention strategies that should be included in the pre-participation examination; stresses the importance of adherence to recommended training principles; and discusses appropriate modifications of game rules and sport and fitness activities as needed for individuals who would likely be at risk for injury should adult rules and training methods be followed. Children and adolescents should include fitness exercises in the training routine, rather than devoting all of each training session to the development of specific skills required for a certain sport. The fitness activities may be geared toward the strength, endurance, and flexibility requirements of the specific sport, but should not exclude other components of a well-rounded general fitness program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Physical and sports activities in the history of patients treated for addictions. Report 1999 of the study sponsored by the Ministry of Youth and Sports (France)].

Early February 1999, the French Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports (Youth and Sports Ministry) sponsored three different studies, aiming to prevent harmful behavior in the area of sport practices among youth. Two years earlier, our health care team working with drug users published reports on the meaningfulness of intensive sports activities in the history of our patients. The present work was performed to highlight the midterm results of one of these studies, to better understand and quantify the importance of physical training in the history of a group of outpatients seen for addictive disorders and comorbid pathologies. For 20 consecutive weeks, 3,040 self-administered questionnaires were available for persons consulting 20 health centers, 2 self-help groups and a general practitioner network working in the field of alcohol or heroine abuse. One thousand one hundred and eleven questionnaires were filled out (36.1%) and returned by mail for complete analysis: 86% of the answering persons had practiced at least one sports activity or participated in physical training, 10.5% had participated in a national or international level competition, and 10.6% reported stress fractures. In the intensive sports group, 36% had used illicit drugs intravenously and 16.4% said they had already used doping substances. Only 28.4% said they experienced dependence during their period of intensive sports activities compared with 15.2% before this time, and a majority (56.4%) thereafter. Intensive sports or physical training should not be seen as a protective factor nor as a way of improving addictive behaviors. More studies are needed to evaluate individual vulnerability factors and specific harm of overtraining and to determine the exact periods when men and women participating in sports activities are likely to abuse drugs, especially at the end of their career.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cognitive-affective sources of sport enjoyment in adolescent sport participants.

Cognitive-affective sources of sport enjoyment were examined among male high school freshmen (N = 231), all of whom had participated in organized youth sport. Subjects completed several sport-specific measures. Also, recorded was an indicator of number of years of participation in organized sport. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that significant sources of sport enjoyment included task orientation, perceived competence, learned helpless affect, and years of participation in organized sport. Results also indicated, however, that ego orientation failed to enter the stepwise equation as a significant predictor of sport enjoyment. The findings are discussed in regard to the importance of the development of competence to enjoyment. Suggestions are offered for the need to advance task orientation and self-referenced perceived ability in sport achievement settings in order to foster positive affect and ongoing participation in organized youth sport.

Adolescent↗