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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Distinctive characteristics of the splenic vein in the dog. Its morphological and pharmacological discontinuities with the portal vein and splenic capsule.

Vascular characteristics of the splenic vein are entirely different from the portal vein in the dog. We compared the responsiveness of the splenic capsule, which contains abundant smooth muscle with the portal and splenic veins. With respect to potentiation of acetylcholine-induced contraction by neostigmine, the relaxation response to isoproterenol and the contractile response to 5-hydroxytryptamine, the splenic capsule differed from the splenic vein, but was rather similar to the portal vein. A site of morphological and pharmacological discontinuity between the portal vein and the splenic vein occurred at the junction of the splenic vein and the left gastric vein to form the gastrosplenic vein. This junction may coincide with the site of connection of the embryonic splenic vein, a newly formed efferent vein of the spleen, with the portal vein, which was reported by Miki [cf. Bevan et al.: 4th Int. Symp. on Vascular Neuroeffector Mechanisms; Raven Press, New York 1983]. On the splenic side, histological examination revealed that smooth muscle of the splenic capsule and trabeculae are interconnected, but did not extend to the splenic vein. At openings of the trabecular veins into the 'intrasplenic' portion of the splenic vein the trabecular smooth muscle continued to the extended capsule. The site of change in pharmacological responses was also found to be located between the trabeculae and the intrasplenic portion of the splenic vein. Thus the splenic vein can be regarded as a distinct segment of vessel inserted between the portal vein and the spleen. This may reflect differences in embryogenesis of their smooth muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effects of temporary occlusion of the superior mesenteric vein or splenic vein on biliary bilirubin and bile acid excretion in rats.

To elucidate the possible implication of hepatic blood supply to the occurrence of hepatolithiasis, the rat superior mesenteric vein, which drains blood from the intestine, or the splenic vein, which drains from the spleen, was occluded for 30 minutes. Changes in the hepatic oxygen saturation index, intrahepatic uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid concentration, bile flow, and the excretion of bilirubin as well as its fraction, along with bile acid in bile before and after the procedure, were observed. In association with superior mesenteric vein occlusion, oxygen saturation index, hepatic uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid concentration, bile flow, bile acid concentration in bile, and percentage of biliary bilirubin diglucuronide were all decreased. Incubation of bile under sterile conditions from rats with occluded superior mesenteric veins resulted in precipitation of mainly calcium salt of fatty acid. In contrast, splenic vein occlusion caused no changes except for a decrease in biliary bilirubin concentration. Incubation of bile from rats with occluded splenic veins did not induce precipitation. From these findings it can be concluded that blood flow in the superior mesenteric vein is the primary source of oxygen supply to the rat liver and that this vein plays an important role in maintaining bile flow, bile acid excretion, and bilirubin conjugation and in preventing the precipitation of bile (possibly preventing hepatolithiasis).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reconstruction of the portal vein and the splenic vein in pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We reconstructed the splenic vein besides the portal vein and/or the superior mesenteric vein after resection of the superior mesenteric-portal vein confluence during pancreaticoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the pancreas and the outcome was retrospectively assessed. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-five patients were classified into three groups. Group O, the splenic vein was left intact (n = 11), Group I, the splenic vein was anastomosed to another vein (n = 6), and Group II, the splenic vein was reconstructed to another vein through autovein graft interposition (n = 8). RESULTS: The patency rate of the superior mesenteric-portal vein anastomosis was 100% in 24 patients evaluated. The blood flow from the splenic vein to the portal vein or another vein was witnessed in 10 patients in Group O, in 3 patients in Group I, and in 7 patients in Group II. CONCLUSIONS: The splenic vein could be reconstructed with high postoperative patency rate, especially in those patients, whose splenic vein was reconstructed using autovein interposition graft.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Splenic vein aneurysm with calcification of splenic and portal veins.

Splenic vein aneurysm is a rare disease, and calcifications in the portal venous system are also rare. Here we present a case of splenic vein aneurysm associated with calcification of the splenic and portal veins, a condition that to our knowledge has not been reported before.

Aged↗
PubMed2007

Lemierre syndrome variant: Staphylococcus aureus associated with thrombosis of both the right internal jugular vein and the splenic vein after the exploration of a river cave.

BACKGROUND: Lemierre syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal entity characterized by septic emboli from thrombosis of the internal jugular vein after oropharyngeal infection. The etiologic agent is not always an anaerobic bacterium. We report a patient with a Lemierre syndrome variant who presented with thrombosis of both the right internal jugular vein and the splenic vein as well as septic pulmonary emboli caused by Staphylococcus aureus, which proved resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin. The patient was thought to have acquired the infection during the exploration of a river cave in Turkey 10 days before his admission to the hospital. Such caves are natural reservoirs of infectious microorganisms. METHODS: The patient had a physical examination, coagulation screening tests, tests of thrombin generation and fibrinolysis, coagulation inhibitors, activated protein C resistance, early and late serological tests (including autoantibodies), computed tomographic studies of the chest and abdomen, and bacterial examination of peripheral blood. Bacterial investigations were made on samples collected from the river cave. RESULTS: After having undergone a 6 week course of antimicrobial treatment and anticoagulant therapy, the patient recovered from the infection with no residual complications, and the signs and symptoms of Lemierre syndrome resolved. CONCLUSION: The results probably indicate an exposure of the patient to soil-based Staphylococcus aureus. This observation suggests the action of environmental factors that may contribute to the development of this rare syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Isolated splenic vein thrombosis secondary to splenic metastasis: a case report.

A 49-year-old, previously healthy woman sought treatment for abdominal pain. Colonoscopy revealed ascending colon cancer. Computed tomography and angiography showed splenic metastasis and thrombosis extending from the splenic vein to the portal vein. She underwent right hemicolectomy, splenectomy, and distal pancreatomy. Histological findings showed no malignant cell in the splenic vein which was filled with organizing thrombus. We postulate the mechanism of splenic vein thrombosis in our case to be secondary to the extrinsic compression of the splenic vein by the splenic metastasis or by the inflammatory process produced by the splenic metastasis. In conclusion, we suggest that splenic metastasis should be added to the list of differential diagnosis which causes splenic vein thrombosis. In the absence of other sites of neoplastic disease, splenectomy seems to be the preferred therapy because it can be performed with low morbidity and harbors the potential for long-term survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Local modulation of neurotransmitter release in bovine splenic vein.

Bovine splenic vein has an abundant sympathetic innervation. Isolated strips were used to examine whether autoinhibition of norepinephrine release from the noradrenergic nerve terminals could be demonstrated under various experimental conditions and whether additional local regulatory modulators of transmitter release could also be implicated. In particular, the possibility of a histamine interaction with presynaptic inhibitory receptors was examined because ultrastructural evidence disclosed a close spatial relationship between mast cells and noradrenergic nerve terminals in the vessel wall. To investigate the presence of presynaptic alpha-receptors the competitive blocking agent phentolamine was included in the superfusion medium at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 microM during electrical field stimulation at frequencies between 1 and 10 Hz. Transmitter outflow was measured as fractional tritium release. Low frequency stimulation (1 Hz) with 1 microM phentolamine resulted in the typical increase in norepinephrine release characteristics for presynaptic alpha-receptor inhibition. In contrast, high frequency (10 Hz) stimulation in the presence of 50 microM phentolamine caused an unexpected decrease in norepinephrine outflow. This unusual result can be explained by additional pharmacological actions of phentolamine unrelated to alpha-receptor blockade, e.g. histamine release from the mast cells which subsequently can act on presynaptic inhibitory histamine receptors. This effect, manifested at higher phentolamine concentrations, would overcome the alpha-receptor blockade. The presence of histamine receptors was supported by the results from electrical stimulation in the presence of exogenous histamine. Histamine decreased norepinephrine outflow while increasing basal tension and the contractile response of the vein strip. Unexpectedly, these effects appeared to be mediated by histamine receptors of the H1-type because they were reduced after pyrilamine but unaffected by agonists and antagonists to receptors of the H2-type. It is speculated that interactions between mast cells and noradrenergic nerve terminals may serve to maintain homeostasis in the bovine splenic vein.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gastric varices with splenic vein occlusion treated by splenic arterial embolization.

A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in August 1997 with enlarged gastric varices. Computed tomography (CT) showed splenic vein occlusion, gastric varices, and extra-gastric wall collateral veins. Color flow images of gastric varices were clearly visualized, and the velocity in the gastric varices was 19.6 cm/s via endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS). The patient was diagnosed with gastric varices according to angiographic findings of splenic vein occlusion, and splenic arterial embolization was performed. Two weeks after the splenic arterial embolization, CT showed peripheral areas of low attenuation in the spleen, due to splenic infarction, with 70% of the spleen volume showing low attenuation. Eight months after the splenic arterial embolization, ECDUS revealed a decrease in gastric variceal color flow images, with the velocity in the gastric varices being 10.3 cm/s.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

The role of splenomesenteric vein anastomosis after division of the splenic vein in pancreatoduodenectomy.

Division of the splenic vein was performed in 29 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy to achieve lymph node dissection and neural resection around the superior mesenteric artery. The basic protocol for the splenic vein reconstruction to reduce congestion of the spleen and stomach is as follows. When the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) drained into the splenic vein, the confluence was preserved without reconstruction of the splenic vein. When the IMV drained into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) or the splenomesenteric angle, the division of the IMV and spleno-IMV anastomosis were performed. In postoperative venography, nine patients showed downward flow (from the splenic vein to the IMV) and three patients showed upward flow (from the IMV to the splenic vein). Postoperative computed tomography scans showed venous dilatation and splenomegaly in the upward flow group; there were no patients in the downward flow group. In selected patients, splenic vein reconstruction is necessary to reduce congestion of the spleen and stomach. When the flow is downward, spleno-IMV flow should be preserved. When the flow is upward, spleno-SMV anastomosis is necessary instead of spleno-IMV anastomosis.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗