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Results for “SPEECH DISORDERS”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Familial relationship between Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, speech disorders, and stuttering.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the familial relationship between Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) and attention deficit disorder (ADD), learning problems, speech disorders, and stuttering. METHOD: This family study consisted of 338 first degree relatives of 85 GTS probands and 113 controls. All available relatives were personally assessed using structured interviews, and family history information was collected from all family members. Best-estimate diagnoses were assigned for GTS, ADD, learning problems, speech disorders, and stuttering. Analyses examined whether ADD, learning problems, speech disorders, and stuttering by themselves represent genetically variant expressions of GTS. RESULTS: There was no evidence that ADD, learning problems, speech disorders, or stuttering represent variant expressions of GTS. However, relatives with GTS were at increased risk for ADD regardless of the ADD diagnosis of the GTS proband. CONCLUSIONS: ADD, learning problems, stuttering, and speech problems by themselves are not variant forms of GTS. However, GTS and ADD may be etiologically related in some persons. There may be two types of individuals with GTS and ADD: ones in whom ADD is independent of GTS, and others in whom ADD is secondary to occurrence of GTS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Language and speech disorders in preschool children and possibilities for rehabilitation--frequent ear-nose-throat findings that may be responsible for language and speech disorders].

Speech disorders in preschool children generally have to be treated by speech therapy with continuing support of the parents. Depending on the severity and cause of the disorder supplementary therapeutic interventions in specialised institutions or individual psychotherapy may be necessary in addition to speech therapy. Careful differential diagnosis before starting any specific therapy is mandatory.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Cross-cultural attitudes toward speech disorders.

Speech-language pathologists serving multicultural populations may encounter unfamiliar beliefs about speech disorders among the members of different cultures. This study used a questionnaire to look at attitudes toward four disorders (cleft palate, dysfluency, hearing impairment, and misarticulations) among 166 university students representing English-speaking North American culture and several other cultures (e.g., Chinese, Southeast Asian, Hispanic). The results showed significant group differences on items involving the subjects' beliefs about the emotional health of persons with speech disorders and about the potential ability of speech-disordered persons to change their own speech.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Examination of 1,300 children for incidence and therapy of hearing disorders in pediatric speech disorders].

This study presents the results on 1305 children with speech disorders. The examination includes ENT-inspection, audiometry, speech-evaluations and if required, psychological tests. In 48% we found hearing losses, most frequently in the age up to four years. In 95% hearing losses were fluctuating about 20 decibels, caused by malfunction of the tube or by adenoids, not even in autumn and winter, but also all the year. In this case, fluctuating hearing function reduces the total hearing input over the year. In only 5% we found cochlear hearing loss. In hearing impaired children speech development was significantly more depressed in all dimensions in comparison to normal hearing children. This study does impressive demonstrate the necessity of follow-up microscopic evaluations of the tympanic membrane and audiometry as well as the consequence operative therapy including adenoidectomy and insertion of ventilation tubes. With this concept, only 37% of the children required speech therapy.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2005

Cognitive impairments and disordered speech in schizophrenia: thought disorder, disorganization, and communication failure perspectives.

This article posits that basic cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are more highly related to speech disorder measured as communication failures than speech disorder measured as thought disorder or disorganization. The author tested 47 schizophrenia patients and 36 control participants for sustained attention, sequencing, and conceptual sequencing ability. Their speech was also rated for communication failures, thought disorder, and conceptual disorganization. Attention and sequencing impairments, examined hierarchically, explained a substantial 38% of the variance in the communication measure of speech disorder but little of the variance in formal thought disorder or conceptual disorganization. The author concludes that (a) impairments in attention and sequencing abilities contribute substantially to schizophrenic communication failures, and (b) it is important to consider lower level cognitive "3rd variables" when examining higher level cognitive associates of speech disorder.

Attention↗
PubMed2005

Effects of positive affect on speech disorder in schizophrenia.

Speech disorder exacerbates when negative affect is aroused in patients with schizophrenia. However, little is known about the effects of positive affect on speech disorder. A well-validated laboratory procedure was used to determine whether arousal of positive affect would modulate speech disorder in 57 stable outpatients with schizophrenia and 48 community controls. Overall, the level of speech disorder modulation was negligible for both groups, although there was considerable variability in whether patients' speech disorder exacerbated or ameliorated. Results suggest that arousal of positive affect has an ameliorative effect on speech disorder for certain patients who have relatively severe symptomatology.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Consonant clusters in disordered speech: constraints and correspondence patterns.

Comparison of patterns of cluster realization from 47 children ranging in age from 3;4 to 6;8 with functional (non-organic) speech disorders with those reported in the literature for normal acquisition reveals that these patterns are essentially the same for both groups. Using a two-level generative phonology for children's independent systems, further analysis of cluster realizations by means of feature geometry and underspecification theory reveals that there are systematic and principled relationships between adult representations of clusters and children's underlying representations and between children's underlying representations and their phonetic representations. With special emphasis on coalescence phenomena, it is suggested that the apparent diversity in children's cluster realizations can be reduced to four constraints on the form of underlying and phonetic representations.

Child↗