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PubMed2000

Chlamydia trachomatis PCR (Cobas Amplicor) in women: endocervical specimen transported in a specimen of urine versus endocervical and urethral specimens in 2-SP medium versus urine specimen only.

The sensitivity of Roche Cobas Amplicor Chlamydia trachomatis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) including the internal control (IC) programme to identify inhibition, was investigated on 3 different samples from women: (1) swab samples from the urethra and the cervix pooled in 2-SP transport medium, (2) swab sample from the cervix transported in a urine sample from the same patient, and (3) urine sample alone. Out of the 2412 patients, 193 (8.0%) were chlamydia positive and in 14 of these the results showed discrepancies between sampling methods. The sensitivity of PCR on urethra/cervix, urine/cervix and urine was 98.4% (190/193), 97.9% (189/193) and 93.3% (180/193) respectively. The higher sensitivity of PCR on urethra/cervix and urine/cervix as compared with urine alone was statistically significant. Without the IC, the sensitivity of PCR on urethra/ cervix, urine/cervix and urine would have been 95.9% (185/193), 94.8% (183/193) and 90.7% (175/193) respectively. Factors influencing the rate of inhibition were also studied.

Cervix Uteri↗

PubMed1993

Human neuro-specimen banking 1961-1992. The National Neurological Research Specimen Bank (a donor program of pre- and post-mortem tissues and cerebrospinal fluid/blood; and a collection of cryopreserved human neurological specimens for neuroscientists).

The National Neurological Research Specimen Bank (The Bank) was established in 1961 to provide a vital service to neuroscientists. Our purpose is to support medical research which seeks the etiopathogenesis for devastating neurological disorders with no known cause, treatment or precise animal model. It serves as a bridge between the neurology clinician who diagnoses and cares for patients with incurable disease and the basic scientist who has need for specimens to find their etiopathogenesis. In the long run this service should advance neurologic diagnoses and serve as the basis for designing treatment. The Bank has grown to be the largest, most diverse neurological specimen bank of its kind in the world. It is a type of "tissue bank" where donor members "will" their central nervous system tissues to science. Then we collect, photograph, seal in air tight bags, quick freeze, cryogenically store and distribute on request the donated tissue to research scientists around the world. All tissue diagnoses are confirmed by clinical records and neuropathologic examination; further histology is conducted on request. In addition to brain and spinal cord tissues, the Bank has samples of other tissues. There are also samples of pre- and post-mortem CSF and sera from normal individuals and patients with various neurological disorders, especially serial specimens on multiple sclerosis patients and HIV-1 seropositive and at risk individuals. This paper outlines the global operations of our human brain bank, based on protocols developed and used by the authors. These operations include donor solicitation, tissue acquisition and documentation, tissue processing and storage, specimen dissemination to users, outcome assessment of banking, quality control, cost of our operation, table of organization and the future.

Blood Donors↗

PubMed1976

[Relation between age, sex and various metabolic parameters: blood uric acid (4776 specimens), blood sugar (7211 specimens), blood cholesterol (5600 specimens) and blood triglycerides (4438 specimens)].

The connection between age, sex and some laboratory parameters (blood uric acid, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides) has been studied on a very wide whole (22025 exams). An important datum which has appeared is that the increase of age is connected with an increase of the values of the parameters studied, and that the sex conditions differences which proved statistically significant.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[The direct tensile test of composite resins using the small specimen--effect of the preparation of specimen, the size of specimen and the testing condition on the tensile properties].

The direct tensile test of composite resins using the specimen with the gauge length 10 mm has been developed by authors. In this study smaller specimens with the gauge length 5 mm and 2 mm were also investigated. As the gauge length became smaller, tensile properties such as the proportional limit, the proof stress, and the tensile strength showed the tendency to become higher. The effect of strain rate on the tensile properties appeared clearly when using the specimen with the gauge length 2 mm. The small specimen was found to have many advantages for the preparation, the cost of material and the handling during the tensile test.

Composite Resins↗

PubMed1994

Comparison of first-voided urine specimens with endocervical swab specimens for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in women.

OBJECTIVE: To compare first-voided urine specimens with paired endocervical swab specimens from women to determine the role of urine in complementing or replacing swab specimens for the detection of the chlamydial antigen. DESIGN: For 18 months, both endocervical swab specimens (the criterion standard) and urine specimens were tested for the chlamydial antigen, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Chlamydiazyme, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill). Positive results were confirmed using a blocking reagent (Abbott Laboratories) and/or a direct fluorescent antibody test (Micro-Trak, Syva, Palo Alto, Calif). A low level of chlamydial antigen (below the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay threshold recommended by the manufacturer) was also looked for and, when found, was confirmed by the direct fluorescent antibody test. SETTING: Prenatal and family practice clinics in a 500-bed community hospital. PATIENTS: Specimens were collected from 489 random asymptomatic or symptomatic women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The detection of the chlamydial antigen from endocervical swab specimens was compared with the detection from first-voided urine specimens. RESULTS: Acceptable swab and urine specimens were obtained from 300 (61.3%) of the patients. The antigen of Chlamydia trachomatis was confirmed in 20 (6.7%) of the 300 women. Of the infected patients, the antigen was detected in both swab and urine specimens for nine patients (45%), only in the swab specimens for eight (40%), and only in the urine specimens for three (15%). Testing urine in addition to endocervical swab specimens allowed for the detection of 18% more chlamydial infections, whereas confirming the presence of the antigen below the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay cutoff resulted in the detection of 54% more infections. CONCLUSIONS: Collecting multiple specimens and testing for low levels of chlamydial antigen may significantly improve the detection of chlamydial infections in women. First-voided urine may be an appropriate complementary specimen to endocervical swab specimens, but urine by itself does not allow for the adequate detection of the chlamydial antigen in women.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1989

Comparison of smear specimens with biopsy specimens in a nucleic acid hybridization test for human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

A total of 323 pairs of specimens from women with Papanicolaou class II or III cytology were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18 by spot hybridization. Each pair consisted of a representative biopsy specimen and a smear specimen from cervical, vaginal or, more rarely, vulvar lesions. We found a close correlation between HPV findings in biopsies and smears. In 83.9% (271) of the cases, both specimens were either positive for a given HPV type or negative. No discordant HPV-types in the two types of specimens were found. In 15.8% (51) of the cases, one specimen proved positive for a given HPV-type while the other specimen from the same patient was negative. In 8.0% (26) of the cases, the biopsy specimen proved positive and the corresponding smear specimen was negative. On the other hand, in 7.7% (25) of the cases we were able to detect HPV DNA in the smear specimen, whereas the corresponding biopsy specimen was negative. We suggest that a smear specimen would be advantageous for screening large groups of patients for the presence of a HPV infection in the genital tract. By using smear specimens together with biopsy specimens it is possible to maximize the number of HPV infection diagnoses.

Condylomata Acuminata↗

PubMed2004

The impact of involvement of biomedical scientists in specimen dissection and selection of blocks for histopathology: a study of time benefits and specimen handling quality in Ayrshire and Arran area laboratory.

AIMS: To assess possible time benefits of specimen dissection by biomedical scientists (BMSs) and the quality of specimen handling by BMSs, in a department where BMSs trim those specimens requiring simple descriptions, from which standard blocks are taken. METHODS: Specimen handling by BMSs and consultant pathologists was compared. Time taken for each specimen trimmed was recorded prospectively. To determine specimen handling quality, adherence to dissection standard operating procedures (SOPs) was assessed by recording retrospectively whether or not each action in the SOP had been performed. Information on subsequently required extra levels or blocks was recorded. RESULTS: Analysis of data from 672 specimens trimmed by consultants showed that any given action in the SOPs was performed on average on 60.2% of applicable/assessable specimens; for 660 similar specimens trimmed by BMSs, each action was performed on average on 80.1% of specimens. Of the specimens where data on extra blocks were recorded, extra blocks were required in 3% of those trimmed by pathologists and in 4% of those trimmed by BMSs. Extra levels were required in 12% of those trimmed by pathologists and in 16% of those trimmed by BMSs. BMS trimming saves 16 hours of consultant time each month. The difference between pathologists and BMSs in time for each specimen trimmed is negligible. CONCLUSIONS: The advantages of increased adherence to trimming SOPs and saving consultant time outweigh the relatively small number of extra blocks and levels required when BMSs trim. There is no reduction in quality of dissection.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1997

Histology of the mucosa in sigmoid colon specimens with diverticular disease: observations for the interpretation of sigmoid colonoscopic biopsy specimens.

We examined retrospectively 100 sigmoid colon resection specimens removed for diverticulitis (DD [diverticular disease]-diverticulitis), 53 adenocarcinoma specimens that also had diverticulosis (DD-adenocarcinoma), and 50 adenocarcinoma specimens that did not have DD (adenocarcinoma only) to study the mucosal changes that occur in DD. Documenting these histologic features could be helpful in deciphering changes seen in colonoscopic biopsy specimens from the sigmoid colon in older patients. Prominent mucosal folds were present in approximately 90% of all DD specimens. Increased mucosal lymphoplasmacytic inflammation at the bases of the prominent folds was present in 15% and 9% of DD-diverticulitis and DD-adenocarcinoma specimens, respectively. Eleven percent of the DD-diverticulitis and 4% of the DD-adenocarcinoma specimens had prolapselike mucosal abnormalities of the mucosa on the surface of the prominent mucosal folds. Mildly increased lymphoplasmacytic inflammation surrounded the diverticulosis ostia in approximately 25% of all DD specimens. All the diverticulitis ostia had neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in the surrounding mucosa. No specimens had crypt distortion. Diverticular disease-related inflammation may be one cause of mild patchy inflammation that is occasionally observed in sigmoid colon biopsy specimens. Diverticular disease also should be considered as a cause of mucosal prolapse changes in sigmoid colon biopsy specimens. Other diseases should be considered when markedly increased mucosal inflammation, crypt distortion, or granulomas are present. Distinction between a DD-related incidental finding and a significant pathologic abnormality frequently can be made with the procurement of multiple biopsy specimens.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

The effect of specimen geometry on the mechanical behaviour of trabecular bone specimens.

The effect of specimen geometry on the mechanical behaviour of trabecular bone specimens was studied by non-destructive uniaxial compression to 0.4% strain using cylindrical specimens with different sizes and length-to-diameter ratios, and by comparing cubic and cylindrical specimens with the same cross-sectional area. Both the length and the cross-sectional area of the specimen had a highly significant influence on the mechanical behaviour (p less than 0.0001). Within the actual range of length (2.75-11.0 mm) the normalized stiffness (Young's modulus) was related nearly linearly to the specimen length. This dependency on specimen length is suggested to be caused mainly by structural disintegrity of the trabecular specimens near the surface. The normalized stiffness (Young's modulus) was also positively correlated to the cross-sectional area. This dependency on cross-sectional area is probably due to friction-induced stress inhomogeneity at the platen-specimen interface. A cube with side length 6.5 mm or a cylindrical specimen with 7.5 mm diameter and 6.5 mm length are suggested as standard specimens for comparative studies on trabecular bone mechanics.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Performance of the Gen-Probe AMPLIFIED Chlamydia Trachomatis Assay in detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical and urine specimens from women and urethral and urine specimens from men attending sexually transmitted disease and family planning clinics.

The Gen-Probe AMPLIFIED Chlamydia Trachomatis Assay (AMP CT) uses transcription-mediated amplification and hybridization protection assay procedures to qualitatively detect Chlamydia trachomatis rRNA in urine, endocervical swab, and urethral specimens. The performance of the AMP CT was compared to that of cell culture for endocervical swab and urine specimens from women and urethral and urine specimens from men. Analysis of specimens with discrepant results was performed by a combination of reculture, direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) staining of specimen sediment, and amplification which targeted a different chlamydial rRNA. A total of 800 urine samples were tested by the AMP CT (607 from women and 193 from men), and 7. 1% were positive for C. trachomatis, with a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 99.6% upon discrepant analysis. A total of 926 swab specimens were tested by culture and AMP CT (717 endocervical swab specimens and 209 urethral swab specimens from men), and 7.7% were positive for C. trachomatis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% upon discrepant analysis. The AMP CT is a sensitive and specific nucleic acid hybridization assay for the detection of C. trachomatis in endocervical swab specimens from women, urethral swab specimens from men, and urine specimens from men and women.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

PubMed2002

[Gleason scores of prostate needle biopsy specimens and of radical prostatectomy specimens, a comparative study].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Gleason scores of the prostate needle biopsy specimens with those of the radical prostatectomy specimens. METHODS: Gleason scoring was made on the needle biopsy specimens from 40 patients with prostate carcinoma and then on the radical prostatectomy specimens from the same patients. The Gleason scores of the two sets of matched specimens were compared. RESULTS: The Gleason scores were 2 approximately 9 (5.6 +/- 1.7) of the prostate needle biopsy specimens, significantly different from those of the radical prostatectomy specimens [4 approximately 10 (6.4 +/- 1.3), P < 0.05]. The Gleason scores coincided in 23 cases (57.5%) between the two groups. The Gleason scores of 15 needle biopsy specimens were significantly lower than those of the matched radical prostatectomy specimens with an underestimation rate of 37.5% and were higher in 2 needle biopsy specimens than in the matched radical prostatectomy specimens with an overestimation rate of 5.0%. The number of cases with the Gleason score < or = 6 in the needle biopsy group were 25, significantly less than that in the radical prostatectomy group (P < 0.01). The number of cases with the Gleason score > or = 7 in the needle biopsy group was 15, not significantly different from that in the prostatectomy group (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: Prostate needle biopsy under-grades the Gleason scores in comparison with radical prostatectomy. Measures should be adopted to avoid underestimation of the tumor grade.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

The volume of prostate cancer in the biopsy specimen cannot reliably predict the quantity of cancer in the radical prostatectomy specimen on an individual basis.

Previous studies suggest that prostate cancer with a volume of 0.5 ml. or less and a Gleason score of less than 7 may be clinically insignificant and may be managed with watchful waiting. A proposed method of determining the volume of cancer in the prostate gland has been the grade and volume of cancer present in the transrectal needle biopsy specimen. Volume of cancer in the biopsy specimen as a predictor of volume of cancer in the prostate gland was studied in 130 men who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma. Of the men 46 (35%) had clinical stage T1c (nonpalpable) disease, while 84 (65%) had clinical stage T2 (palpable) disease. Each radical prostatectomy specimen was whole-mounted and step-sectioned for accurate cancer volume determination. Three parameters for measuring volume of cancer in the biopsy specimen (percentage of biopsy cores involved, millimeters of cancer per biopsy core and percentage of cancer in the biopsy specimen) were determined and compared by Spearman rank correlation analysis. The percentage of cancer in the biopsy specimen was marginally better than the percentage of cores involved and the millimeters of cancer per biopsy core as a predictor of cancer volume in the radical prostatectomy specimen. While regression analysis revealed a direct correlation between the volume of cancer in the biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens (r = 0.51), there was significant variability in prostate cancer volume for a given percentage of cancer in the biopsy specimen since the standard error of the estimate was 6.1 ml. Of the 13 patients with 5% or less cancer volume and a Gleason score of less than 7 in the biopsy specimen 1 (8%) had a cancer smaller than 0.5 ml. in volume in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Therefore, the risk of removing clinically insignificant prostate cancer, even when the biopsy parameter indicates low volume disease, is less than 10%. Overall, only 3 study patients (2.3%) had a prostate cancer volume of less than 0.5 ml. With 97.7% of the men having a clinically significant cancer by a volume criterion, it is apparent that the majority of clinically insignificant prostate cancers remained undetected and untreated. Currently, transrectal needle biopsy does not provide adequate information for differentiating between clinically insignificant and life threatening prostate cancer on an individual basis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2026

Determinants of nucleic acid quality in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bladder urothelial carcinoma specimens: effects of specimen type, fixation conditions, and storage time.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is the principal substrate for cancer genomic profiling, yet pre-analytical factors affect nucleic acid quality. In our workflow, transurethral resection (TUR) specimens of bladder urothelial carcinoma are fixed promptly but exposed to electrocautery, whereas robot-assisted radical cystectomy specimens are refrigerated overnight before fixation; we compared nucleic acid quality between these specimen types. We analyzed 56 FFPE primary bladder urothelial carcinoma specimens (33 TUR, 23 cystectomy). DNA quality was assessed by the DNA Integrity Number (DIN) and short-to-long cycle threshold ratio (S/L Ct ratio), and RNA quality by the RNA Integrity Number (RIN) and percentage of RNA fragments ≥200 nucleotides (DV200), with group comparisons, Spearman correlations, and multivariable regression (specimen type, fixation duration, storage time). The median DIN (4.4 vs. 3.8, p = 0.004) and S/L Ct ratio (0.943 vs. 0.894, p < 0.001) were higher in TUR than cystectomy specimens; the RIN was also higher (1.9 vs. 1.7, p = 0.040), though low in both groups, and DV200 did not differ (50.3% vs. 47.7%, p = 0.934). In multivariable analysis, TUR specimen type independently predicted higher DIN (β = +0.460, p = 0.040) and S/L Ct ratio (β = +0.442, p = 0.009), whereas longer storage time independently decreased the S/L Ct ratio (β = -0.513, p < 0.001) and RIN (β = -0.352, p = 0.010). In our institutional workflow, TUR specimens showed higher DNA quality metrics than robot-assisted radical cystectomy specimens subjected to overnight refrigerated pre-fixation delay, whereas this workflow-associated advantage did not clearly extend to DV200-defined RNA fragment-length quality. Storage time was associated with selected aspects of nucleic acid deterioration.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

Early detection of human immunodeficiency virus on dried blood spot specimens: sensitivity across serial specimens. Women and Infants Transmission Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens and the early diagnostic value of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in DBS specimens collected at predefined age intervals from a large cohort of U.S. infants at risk of congenital or perinatal HIV infection. DESIGN: We assayed available DBS specimens (n = 272) obtained during the first 4 months of life from 144 infants (41 infected, 103 uninfected) born to HIV-infected mothers enrolled in the Women and Infants Transmission Study. The DBS PCR results were compared with infant HIV infection status, PCR on liquid blood, and viral culture results. Analyses also included sensitivity and specificity of assay as related to the age of the infant when the specimen was obtained. RESULTS: The DBS specimen PCR results were concordant with results from liquid blood specimens and with results from viral culture. The DBS PCR was highly specific for all age groups. Sensitivity in detecting HIV infection status rapidly increased during the first month of life, from 19% (5/26) by 1 week to 96% (25/26) by 1 month of age. Specimens obtained on the day of birth or the next day were the least likely to have detectable HIV DNA. CONCLUSIONS: The PCR assay of DBS specimens is a reliable tool for the early diagnosis of HIV infection and has important advantage over that of liquid blood DNA PCR and viral culture. These advantages include a lower volume of blood required for testing, increased safety, and ease of storage or transport of specimens. Thus DBS PCR is a useful test for clinical and epidemiologic tracking of infants at risk of HIV infection.

Blood Preservation↗

PubMed1996

[Urinary tract infection in infants: use of urine specimens obtained by suprapubic bladder aspiration in order to determine the reliability of culture specimen of urine collected in perineal bag].

OBJECTIVE: To determine if culture specimens of urine collected in perineal bags is reliable in detecting urinary tract infections in infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in a pediatric emergency room of an urban teaching hospital. Forty-eight infants, 12 months old or less, requiring an uncontaminated urine specimen due to the evaluation of febrile illness, suspected urinary tract infection or to a previously contaminated urine culture specimen. Two consecutive urine specimens were collected for culture. A urine specimen was collected in a perineal bag and afterwards all patients underwent suprapubic bladder aspiration. Cultures were considered positive if pure growth of more than 1.000 colonies/ml developed in the suprapubic aspiration urine specimen. RESULTS: Thirty-two infants had coincident cultures in both urine specimens. A positive culture specimen of urine collected in a perineal bag (pure growth of more than 100,000 colonies/ml) had high sensitivity (100%) and high specificity 88.6% in predicting positive cultures from urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration. CONCLUSION: A urine culture specimen meticulously collected with a perineal bag is a good screening method for detecting urinary tract infection in low risk infants.

Escherichia coli↗

PubMed2003

[Compression-free biplanar radiography of the breast specimen with a specimen device].

PURPOSE: To develop a device for specimen radiography of impalpable breast lesions with microcalcifications in order to perform compression-free radiography in two planes and to document the original orientation of the specimen on the radiographic film. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A curved plate with its radius equal to the film-focus-distance enables specimen radiography without compression and with minimizing artifacts induced by beam divergency. Adjustable markers can document the topographic orientation of the specimen on the radiographic film. RESULTS: The presented specimen device for biplanar radiography avoids interfering compression artifacts for both radiologist and pathologist. Documenting the original topographic orientation of the specimen on the film helps to guide the surgeon in cases requiring further resection. DISCUSSION: Biplanar specimen radiography without compression of the specimen measures the distance of microcalcifications to the margin of the resected tissue more accurately and thus provides a better basis for planning any necessary additional resection.

Breast↗

PubMed1999

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate specimens: frequency, significance and relationship to the sampling of the specimen (a retrospective study of 121 cases).

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of PIN (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) in prostate specimens and the relationship of PIN with PCA (prostatic carcinoma) and amount of sampling of the specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the haematoxylin-eosin stained slides of 121 cases diagnosed between 1990 and 1995 were re-examined retrospectively. The amount of sampling of prostate specimens was also re-examined. RESULTS: PIN was observed in 47.9% of all prostate specimens. The frequency of incidental PIN was 71.4% in cystoprostatectomy specimens. PIN was present in 58.3% of the cases with PCA. We observed foci of high-grade PIN adjacent to sites of invasive carcinoma in 100.0% of prostatectomy specimens with PCA. PIN was high-grade in 100.0% of the carcinomatous prostates with PIN. It was multifocal in 53.4% of 58 cases with PIN. Incidental PCA was identified in 14.3% of cytoprostatectomies for bladder cancer. The average number of paraffin blocks of prostatic tissue was 4.1 (+/-2.6) in cases with PIN and 3.2 (+/-1.4) in cases without PIN. CONCLUSION: In prostate specimens, the determination of PIN is very important since it is the most likely precursor of PCA. The probability of detecting PIN and PCA in a prostate specimen is directly related to the amount of sampling.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by the Gen-Probe AMPLIFIED Chlamydia Trachomatis Assay (AMP CT) in urine specimens from men and women and endocervical specimens from women.

Molecular biology-based amplification methods are significantly more sensitive than other methods for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. The performance characteristics of the new Gen-Probe AMPLIFIED Chlamydia Trachomatis Assay (AMP CT) with endocervical and urine specimens were compared to those of culture for patients attending two Baltimore City sexually transmitted disease clinics and a clinic for adolescents. AMP CT uses transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and hybridization protection assay procedures to qualitatively detect C. trachomatis by targeting a 23S rRNA. Discrepant results between culture-negative and AMP CT-positive specimens were resolved by direct fluorescent-antibody staining of sedimented culture transport medium for elementary bodies and by TMA with 16S rRNA as a target. Following discrepant analysis, for 480 female urine specimens AMP CT had a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 100%. For 464 male urine specimens, the resolved sensitivity and specificity of AMP CT were 95.6 and 98.7%, respectively. For the 479 endocervical swab specimens the sensitivity of AMP CT was 100% and the specificity was 99.5%. Resolved culture sensitivities of AMP CT for female and male swab specimens were 52.3 and 58.9%, respectively. These results demonstrate that AMP CT is highly sensitive for the detection of C. trachomatis in endocervical specimens and in urine specimens from men and women.

Cells, Cultured↗