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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Salmonella in slaughter pigs: prevalence, serotypes and critical control points during slaughter in two slaughterhouses.

The purpose of this study was to show the distribution of Salmonella in slaughtered pigs and the environment of the slaughterhouse. 1,114 samples of slaughtered pigs (six different samples for Salmonella isolation and one serum sample for ELISA on antibodies per pig) and 477 samples of the slaughterhouse environment were collected in two slaughterhouses on two sampling days per slaughterhouse. Salmonella was isolated from one or more samples of 47% of the pigs. The highest prevalence of Salmonella was observed in rectal content samples (25.6%), whereas the lowest prevalence of Salmonella was observed on the carcasses (1.4%). The prevalence of Salmonella in other samples was: 19.6% in tonsils, 9.3% on livers, 9.3% on tongues, and 9.3% in mesenterial lymphnodes. The prevalence of Salmonella in environmental samples was high in the drain water samples in both slaughterhouses (61%) and on the carcass splitter in one slaughterhouse (33%). Salmonella typhimurium was the most frequently isolated serotype in pig samples and environmental samples in both slaughterhouses: 43% of the Salmonella isolates from pigs and 33% of the Salmonella isolates from the environment was S. typhimurium. The results of this study show that Salmonella prevalences in pigs differ a lot, depending on which part of the pig is sampled. Not all different samples of the pig will become available for human consumption, but collecting more than one sample per pig showed that Salmonella can be found in almost the whole pig. The result of surface samples of carcass and liver gives information about hygiene during the slaughter process; the result of tonsils, lymphnodes and rectal contents, combined with the serological result, gives information about infection of the pig before the slaughter process (on the farm, during transport or in lairage). It can be concluded that results of Salmonella isolation of slaughter pigs should always be carefully interpreted, depending on the type of sample that has been collected.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2005

Use of avilamycin for growth promotion and avilamycin-resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers in a matched case-control study in France.

We assessed the putative link between avilamycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium carriage and avilamycin consumption in broilers. As part of the French programme of monitoring for antimicrobial resistance, broilers sampled at slaughterhouse in 1999 and 2000 and carrying avilamycin-resistant E. faecium were matched by slaughterhouse, slaughter month and production type (free-range, standard, light) with control broilers carrying avilamycin-susceptible strains. History of antibiotics consumption (either for growth promotion or therapeutic purpose) in the broiler flocks sampled was collected from the monitoring programme and consumption of each antibiotic class was screened as a potential risk factor. Avilamycin was a risk factor for avilamycin-resistant E. faecium carriage: OR=2.3.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1989

[Echinococcosis].

Echinococcosis is parasite disease quite spread out in our country. It is known that Dalmatia and then Montenegro are the most infected areas in Yugoslavia. Echinococcus disease is not only disease of the organ attacked but one whose repercussions very often give poly-organic character in clinical, morphological and therapeutic sense. Due to a great number of infected dogs still existing insufficient number of hygienic slaughterhouses, slaughtering livestock without veterinary control, ignorance, lack of education as well as not enough prophylactic measures conducted, this disease represents an outstanding problem. In respect of identification of this disease number of cysts, location complications arising as well as operative approach, so far diagnostic methods are enriched by introducing electronic diagnostic methods (scintigraphy, US and CT). Numerous operating methods aimed to removal of parasite, elimination of irreversible sequelae and achievement of anatomo-physiological restitution of the organ in which the diseased are applied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence and dissemination of Salmonella serotypes along the slaughtering process in Brazilian small poultry slaughterhouses.

Salmonella is the leading cause of human foodborne infections in Latin America, and poultry meat is one of the main vehicles. Small poultry slaughterhouses (fewer than 200 birds slaughtered per day) represent an important economic activity in certain regions. The slaughtering process in these abattoirs is manual and rudimentary, and frequently the hygienic conditions are poor. This study reports results of a detailed evaluation of the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in carcasses, utensils, and environmental samples collected in 60 small Brazilian slaughterhouses. In the second step of the study, one of these slaughterhouses was selected to monitor the dissemination of Salmonella along the slaughtering process. For testing, conventional procedures were used: preenrichment in buffered peptone water (35 degrees C for 24 h), selective enrichment in Selenite-cystine (35 degrees C for 24 h), tetrathionate and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broths (42 degrees C for 24 h), plating on bismuth-sulfite and brilliant green agars (35 degrees C for 24 h), proper biochemical testing, and complete serotyping. Forty-one percent of samples harbored Salmonella spp., including 42% of carcasses, 23.1% of utensils, 71.4% of water, and 71.4% of freezers and refrigerators. Seventeen serotypes were detected. Salmonella Enteritidis predominated (30%), followed by Salmonella Albany (12%), Salmonella Hadar (12%), Salmonella Indiana (10%), and I 4,12:z:- (8%). All samples collected along the slaughtering process in the selected slaughterhouse were Salmonella positive. Five serotypes were detected, including Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Emek, and Salmonella Indiana. More than 30% of the samples contained more than one serotype, and 12.5% presented three serotypes. The widespread occurrence of Salmonella in small slaughterhouses reinforces the need for implementation of effective control measures.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2001

Herd level husbandry factors associated with the serological Salmonella prevalence in finishing pig herds in The Netherlands.

A national program to reduce Salmonella in pork and pork products should include monitoring and intervention at farm level. To develop an adequate intervention strategy at farm level, risk factors for Salmonella infections in finishing pigs have to be determined. In this study, blood samples were collected randomly at two slaughterhouses from slaughter pigs. Samples were tested by the Dutch Salmonella ELISA, based on the O-antigens 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12, using a cut-off of OD%=10. This ELISA has been calibrated against the Danish ELISA to give comparable results. Workers from herds from which at least forty blood samples had been collected, were asked to participate in a questionnaire. In total, 353 questionnaires were obtained and analysed. Significant risk factors associated with the proportion of seropositive samples were identified by multiple linear logistic regression. The feeding of a complete liquid feed containing fermented by-products and the omission of disinfection after pressure washing a compartment as part of an all-in/all-out procedure, were both associated with a lower Salmonella seroprevalence. A small to moderate herd size (<800 finishing pigs), a previous diagnosis of clinical Salmonella infection in the herd, the use of tylosin as an antimicrobial growth promoter in finishing feed, or herds which had more than 16% of the livers of their pigs condemned at the slaughterhouse as a result of white spots were associated with a higher Salmonella seroprevalence. Hypothetical intervention strategies based on these risk factors can be studied for their effect on the Salmonella seroprevalence and practical applicability in field studies.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2006

Simulating Escherichia coli O157:H7 transmission to assess effectiveness of interventions in Dutch dairy-beef slaughterhouses.

Beef contamination with Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC) is an important food-safety issue. To investigate the effectiveness of interventions against VTEC in Dutch beef industrial slaughterhouses that slaughter 500 dairy cattle per day, a Monte Carlo simulation model was built. We examined seven carcass-antimicrobial interventions, namely: hot-water wash, lactic-acid rinse, trim, steam-vacuum, steam-pasteurization, hide-wash with ethanol and gamma irradiation, and their combinations. The estimated daily prevalence of contaminated beef-carcass quarters as the output of the model was 9.2%. Contaminated was defined as containing one or more CFU on the surface of a carcass quarter at the end of the quartering stage. Single interventions (except irradiation) could reduce the prevalence to from 6.2% to 1.7%, whereas the combination of interventions could lower it to from 1.2% to 0.1%. The most powerful intervention was irradiation, which could reduce the prevalence to <0.1%. The results of this study indicate that application of single interventions might be useful, although not sufficient. Hence, a combination of interventions along the slaughter process is the more promising approach to reduce the prevalence of contaminated beef quarters.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2001

Health promotion approach for the control of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in Nepal: emphasis on an environmental assessment.

Green and Kreuter define health promotion as the use of both education and ecology to encourage and support living conditions conducive to good health. Their PRECEDE-PROCEED model delineates a practical way to cope with health problems using this definition. Applying PRECEDE to Nepal helps identify the steps needed to control the ever-increasing incidence of food-borne parasitic zoonoses (FBPZ) there and in other South Asian countries. In executing the first five steps of the model, we focused on behavioral and environmental assessments to find a method for controlling FBPZ. Through these two assessments, we identified the following behavioral and environmental objectives: establish a meat inspection system by 2003, establish training programs on safe meat production and selling practices by 2003, improve slaughterhouses and slaughtering practices by 2003. The educational and ecological assessments revealed that the necessary predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors for appropriate control of FBPZ are present in Nepal, while an administration and policy assessment shows Nepal meets PRECEDE requirements through its recent meat inspection legislation. Although the data for each element of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model are limited in Nepal, they clearly tell us to move forward to the PROCEED stage to control FBPZ there as well as in all of South Asia.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1997

Reduction of stress-induced changes in meat quality with thermolysed brewer's yeast of high nucleotide content in pigs.

The effect exerted by a biogenic performance enhancer of high nucleotide content on meat quality in 20 Norwegian Landrace pigs (90 to 95 kg) was examined. The diet of the treated group was supplemented with the performance enhancer for the last 30 days of fattening. The stress effect was transport to the slaughterhouse and slaughter itself. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, glucose and cortisol concentrations, and muscle pH were determined. Serious stress damage was found in the cardiac and skeletal muscle, as indicated by the high CK (980 U/L), LDH (> 1600 U/L) and AST (67 U/L) activities in the untreated group; values were significantly lower in the experimental pigs (458, 468 and 17 U/L, respectively). There were no significant differences in glucose and cortisol concentrations between the two groups. In the control group the pH values were significantly lower and more muscle samples showed PSE character than in the treated group (75 and 30%, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Incidence of Salmonella in five Swedish slaughterhouses.

Five Swedish slaughterhouses where pig slaughter takes place were sampled and tested for Salmonella. Each slaughterhouse was visited six times, and sampling was done repeatedly at specific points in the slaughter line during the day. Both sampling of pork carcasses and the slaughterhouse environment was done. This study was part of a larger European project, entitled Salmonella in Pork (Salinpork), with the aim of identifying specific risk points or risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination that contribute to health hazards for humans. During the study, a total of 3,388 samples from the five slaughterhouses were collected and cultured for Salmonella. All of the samples were culture negative for Salmonella.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infection risk of cattle via sewage sludge from wastewater treatment facilities in slaughterhouses in Japan.

Scattered SRM residues from BSE-infected cattle are possible to contaminate sewage during the slaughtering process in slaughterhouses. A proportion of the sludge discharged from wastewater treatment facilities at slaughterhouses has historically been processed into fertilizer. We therefore investigated the associated risk of BSE infection to cattle via sludge-derived fertilizer. Each stage of the process associated with BSE exposure was qualitatively evaluated and quantitative evaluations were subsequently performed using infectious dose as a unit of concern. Results of these qualitative evaluations indicated that installation of filter(s) at the drains to the wastewater treatment facilities has been undertaken by many slaughterhouses and has decreased the likelihood of SRM contamination of sewage. The level of sludge-derived fertilizer ingested by cattle was considered to be very low since the fertilizer is mixed with the ground soil, and the amount of soil ingested by cattle is likely to be small. Results from the quantitative analysis indicated the total infectious dose ingested by cattle in Japan from an infected cow has been estimated to be 5.5 x 10(-3) ID(50). Preventing scattering of SRM during the slaughtering process, installing filters to the drains with the removal of residues from the drain water and preventing the application of sludge-derived fertilizer to pasturelands would be effective to reduce the risk. Although the limited extent of available information, this study should provide useful indication for the development of an inclusive risk assessment for slaughterhouse sludge in the future.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2005

Transmission of Campylobacter spp. to chickens during transport to slaughter.

AIMS: To determine the prevalence of Campylobacter-contaminated transport crates and to determine whether contaminated crates represent a risk for contamination of chickens during transport to slaughter. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples were collected from cleaned transport crates before they were dispatched to the farms. Chicken groups were sampled within 24 h before transport to slaughter and at the slaughterhouse. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 69 of 122 (57%) sampled batches of transport crates. Twenty-six slaughter groups, negative at farm level, were transported in batches of crates from which Campylobacter spp. had been isolated. In 11 (42%) of these 26 slaughter groups, Campylobacter spp. were found in samples taken at slaughter. The corresponding figure for at-farm-negative slaughter groups transported in negative crates was four (15%) testing positive at slaughterhouse of 27 slaughter groups [relative risk (RR) = 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.3]. In four of 11 slaughter groups, genetic subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was able to support the hypothesis of contamination from crates to chickens during transport to slaughter. CONCLUSIONS: Despite washing and disinfection, crates were frequently contaminated with Campylobacter and it could have contaminated chickens during transport to slaughter. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Campylobacter-positive crates are a risk factor for chickens testing campylobacter-positive at slaughter.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2003

Salmonella on pig carcasses: positive pigs and cross contamination in the slaughterhouse.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in pigs at the moment of slaughter and in the slaughterhouse environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: In total, five different commercial slaughterhouses were sampled during eight slaughterhouse visits. Carcass swabs, colon content and mesenteric lymph nodes were taken to reflect the animal status and from the slaughterhouse environmental samples were taken. Salmonella was isolated from 37% of the carcass samples as a mean value. High variations were noticed between different slaughterhouses (between 0 and 70%) and sampling days in the same abattoir (between 3 and 52%). A correlation was found between the carcass contamination and the status of the delivered animals (P=0.01675). Cross contamination was estimated to account for 29% of the positive carcasses. The slaughterhouse environment was highly contaminated; before starting the slaughtering activities 25% of the samples were positive on average. The most prevalent serotypes isolated at the slaughterhouse environment and from the colon content were S. Typhimurium, S. Livingstone and S. Derby. On carcasses S. Typhimurium was predominately isolated (71%). The biggest variability of serotypes was found in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Serologically 56.3% of the pigs were found positive for Salmonella using a cut-off level of the optical density percentage higher than 10 (O.D.% > or = 10). While on individual pig level the correlation between the bacteriological and serological data was poor, because of recent Salmonella infections, a better correlation was found at the herd level on the moment of slaughtering. CONCLUSION: A high degree of carcass contamination is noticed after slaughtering. This contamination resulted from the delivery of Salmonella-positive pigs and cross-contamination from the slaughterhouse environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In pigs, Salmonella carriage is high, but it is obvious that slaughterhouse hygiene is a determinative factor for managing carcass contamination.

Abattoirs↗