Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SKIN TESTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Diagnosis of reaginic allergy with house dust, animal dander and pollen allergens in adult patients. V. A comparison between the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), provocation tests, skin tests and RAST.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing allergen adsorbed onto the internal surface of a plastic tube, and alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-IgE was used for the determination of specific IgE antibodies to various inhalant allergens in serum samples from 255 individuals with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. A total of 541 analyses were carried out and the results were compared with those of provocation tests, skin tests and the RAST. It was found that negative ELISA values with high probability indicated nonallergy and very high ELISA values (class greater than or equal to 5) indicated allergy. However, the proportion of positive ELISA values which did not correspond to clinical allergy was high, as were the number of intermediate, inconclusive values (class 1-2). Although significant correlations between the ELISA values and provocation test, skin test or the RAST were obtained with some allergens, it was concluded that our version of the ELISA has not advantages over currently used methods for allergy diagnosis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1978

[Allergy diagnosis in patients with bronchial asthma (bronchial provocation test, skin test and RAST) (author's transl)].

87 patients with bronchial asthma underwent skin test, RAST and measurment of airway resistance before and after inhalation of control solution as well as at least 10 times after each of one to four bronchial provocations (making up a total of 171 tests) with extracts of house dust, house dust mite, animal dander, mould spores and pollen in increasing concentrations. An actual clinical significance of the skin test reactions was found in 60% of all cases and of the RAST results in 66% of all cases. The overall agreement between skin test results and RAST results was 61%. The correlations between the different tests depended on the degree of hypersensitivity, on the tested allergen and on whether the results of skin test and RAST, respectively, were positive or negative. There existed a good correlation between the results of all three test methods and case history only for pollen allergens and animal dander. Noticeably often negative RAST results with house dust and mould spores, as well as positive skin tests with house dust mite and mould spores could not be confirmed by the provocation test. Important indications for a bronchial provocation test in asthmatics are doubtful case history, doubtful skin test or RAST results with the problem-allergens house dust, house dust mite and mould spores; the bronchial provocation test is especially commendable when drastic or cumbersome therapeutic measures (immunotherapy, change of home, change of job) are to follow or if late asthmatic reactions are expected.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

Validity and reproducibility of multi-test skin test device.

Thirty patients were skin tested by Multi-Test and Morrow Brown needle using antigens, histamine, glycerosaline, and blank controls to examine reproducibility and influence of positive reactions on adjacent negative controls. There was no evidence that histamine or strongly positive antigen reactions affected adjacent negative controls. Multi-Test was more reproducible, and preferred by patients over Morrow Brown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Recombinant allergens for skin testing.

Skin testing is a basic diagnostic procedure widely used to explore immediate-type reactions to allergen preparations in vivo. Despite their reliability, if standardized extracts are used, skin tests suffer from limited reproducibility due to difficulties in preparing consistently standardized extracts from natural raw material. Starting from allergen-encoding cDNAs, large amounts of highly pure allergens with a high batch-to-batch consistency satisfying the quality requirements of medicinal products manufactured by recombinant DNA technology can be produced. These reagents are expected to be qualitatively superior to the commercially available allergen preparations used for the in vitro and in vivo diagnosis of allergic conditions. In this article the current literature available on skin testing with such recombinant allergens (rAllergens) is reviewed and critically analyzed. To date many different rAllergens of various pollens, moulds, mites, bee venom, latex and celery have been used in skin testing in more than 1,600 allergic and control individuals. Skin prick tests as well as intradermal skin tests with rAllergens prove to be highly specific and safe. The diagnostic sensitivity of single rAllergens is generally lower than those obtained with allergen extracts, but can be considerably increased by using rAllergen panels covering the most important allergenic structures present in a given complex allergenic extract. Moreover, quantitative skin testing with single rAllergens allows interesting insights into correlations between the in vivo and in vitro sensitization to a given allergen. In conclusion, skin testing with rAllergens offers a highly specific and safe additional diagnostic tool to elucidate patient- and disease-specific sensitization patterns which will be needed for the development of patient-tailored immunotherapeutic treatments.

Allergens↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of Multi-Test device skin testing and modified RAST results.

The initial purpose of this study was to determine the potential correlation between allergy test results obtained with the Multi-Test skin testing method and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) blood test (used as a "standard"). Twenty patients with a history and physical examination findings suggestive of inhalant allergy underwent both a Multi-Test system screen (14 antigens plus histamine and glycerine controls) and RAST testing. The relationship between wheal size and Multi-Test system grade for each antigen and the corresponding RAST class was studied. The correlation between positive Multi-Test system and RAST results was poor, with an average agreement by antigen of 56.26% and overall agreement of 67.86%. However, the overall agreement between negative Multi-Test system results (< or =1+) and negative RAST results (< or =class 1) was 95.15%, with an average agreement by antigen of 83.99%. On the basis of results of this preliminary study, it appears that a negative Multi-Test system result indicates that significant inhalant allergy is unlikely, whereas a positive Multi-Test system result necessitates follow-up with more definitive testing by additional skin testing or RAST.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

In vivo evaluation of immune responses in leishmaniasis: the use of cross-species leishmanin preparations for skin testing.

Skin test reactivity to two commercial preparations of Leishmania major leishmanin was evaluated in leishmaniasis patents from Ethiopia (L. aethiopica) and Nicaragua (probably L. braziliensis complex). The purpose of using different preparations of L. major was to evaluate whether L. major skin test antigens could generally be used to detect leishmaniasis due to L. aethiopica and L. braziliensis. One preparation was superior in identifying the majority (83-90%) of confirmed cases of local cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) from Ethiopia. In vitro responses to promastigotes of Leishmania spp. correlated well with leishmanin positivity to this preparation. The skin test antigen, which performed less well (showing a positive result in only 50% of the LCL patients), showed promise when used to test active and cured cases of leishmaniasis in Nicaragua (positive result in 92% of the active and cured patents). Cross-reacting Leishmania spp. may be considered for use in the preparation of standardized leishmanin antigen; however, differences in the commercial preparation or the diluent in which the parasites are prepared may affect antigenicity and thus its efficacy in detecting different forms of leishmaniasis in different geographic areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of the influence of epoxide resins and their hardeners on the female body. I. Skin tests.

Skin tests of hypersensitivity were performed in 175 women and 16 men having direct contact during work with epoxide resinsand their hardeners. The tests were applied for 24 hours, and results were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The percentages of positive skin tests and numbers of skin lesions were found to increase with time of employment in contact with epoxide resins and their hardeners.

Amines↗
PubMed1983

Effect of repeated delayed hypersensitivity skin tests on skin-test responses.

To determine whether repeated skin tests can augment a previously weak delayed hypersensitivity response or convert previously nonreacting tests and thus yield false-positive data, the authors carried out retrospective analysis of 426 skin tests on 107 patients who had a mean of 4.3 weekly tests with five recall antigens. They also skin tested 10 healthy volunteers weekly for up to 6 weeks. Reactions (induration measured in millimetres) were recorded and a regression and correlation analysis was carried out. Analysis of variance was used to compare reaction means of volunteers for each recall antigen at each time interval. All volunteers were reactive to two or more antigens. In the volunteer group there was no augmentation of initially reactive antigen responses except for Varidase and only after 5 weeks. Of 16 initially negative responses to some antigens in this same group, only 3 were converted to reactions of more than 5 mm, all responses being to purified protein derivative. No conversion occurred in the hospitalized patients. There was no significant correlation between repeated skin tests and the delayed hypersensitivity response to the antigens except for Candida in the retrospective patient group, up to 160 days from the original skin test. The data indicate that there is no augmentation of the delayed hypersensitivity response or conversion of initial nonreacting skin tests with any of the antigens tested except Candida.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Carboplatin skin testing: a skin-testing protocol for predicting hypersensitivity to carboplatin chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: A high incidence of moderate to severe hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) is noted in patients who have been treated with multiple courses of carboplatin. Presently, there is no reliable way to predict which patients may be at risk for this potentially severe adverse reaction. We developed a skin-test protocol to identify patients at high risk for HR to carboplatin chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing more than seven courses of carboplatin received a 0.02-mL intradermal injection of an undiluted aliquot of their planned carboplatin infusion 1 hour before each course of the agent. A positive skin test was prospectively defined as that resulting in a wheel of at least 5 mm with a surrounding flare. We recently reported a 27% incidence of HRs in patients receiving more than seven courses of carboplatin. These patients served as historical controls for the current study. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients with recurrent ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma receiving carboplatin were skin tested. Thirteen of 47 patients (28%) manifested a positive skin test at a median of nine total courses of carboplatin (range, eight to 17 courses). This rate of skin-test positivity was not significantly different from the incidence of documented HR reported in a historical control group (P =.89), suggesting comparable populations. A negative skin test accurately predicted the absence of HR in 166 of 168 courses of chemotherapy. Only two of 47 patients (4%) experienced a HR after a negative skin test. Thus, administering carboplatin only to patients with a negative skin test may result in a significant reduction in HRs relative to historical controls (P =.002). CONCLUSION: An easily performed skin test appears to predict patients in whom carboplatin may be safely administered. Treatment modifications based on the results of skin testing may reduce the incidence of HRs in patients receiving repeated courses of carboplatin.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1984

Skin tests.

Skin tests for cell-mediated immunity are useful in diagnosing immunodeficiency and in helping to give an accurate prognosis for many other diseases. They may also be used to assess the efficacy of immunosuppression regimens and the systemic effects of treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Comparison between nasal provocation tests and skin tests in patients treated with loratadine and cetirizine.

BACKGROUND: The effect of H1-blockers may differ depending on the target organ. OBJECTIVE: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out to compare the effect of a 7-day treatment with loratadine (10 mg daily) or cetirizine (10 mg daily) on nasal challenge with grass pollen grains and skin tests with allergen or histamine. METHODS: Twenty-four patients were enrolled, but the analysis was carried out on 23. Nasal challenge was carried out by using 5-fold increasing numbers of pollen grains. Skin prick tests were done with serial concentrations of allergens and 1 concentration of histamine. Patients were tested in a cross-over design, with each treatment being administered for the previous 7 days and with a 2-week washout period. RESULTS: By comparison with placebo, loratadine and cetirizine increased significantly the threshold number of pollen grains required to induce a positive nasal challenge (P <.001). There was no difference between loratadine and cetirizine. Skin test responses to allergen were significantly reduced by loratadine and cetirizine by comparison with placebo. Skin test responses to histamine were significantly decreased by the 2 H1-blockers, but they were more profoundly decreased by cetirizine than by loratadine. CONCLUSIONS: Both H1-blockers reduced similarly allergen-induced skin test and nasal challenge responses. Cetirizine was more effective on histamine skin test responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Role of serodiagnostic tests and skin tests in the diagnosis of fungal disease.

Serodiagnostic tests have a significant role in the diagnosis of a number of fungal infections. The bases for these tests are reviewed and their sensitivity, specificity, and applications are discussed. Skin test antigens are also reviewed. Their diagnostic role is currently limited, but they have some utility as epidemiological tools.

Antibodies, Fungal↗