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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Stability and utility of the unique human small cell carcinoma line SHP-77.

The human small cell (oat cell) carcinoma line, SHP-77, established by Fisher and Paulson in 1977 and originally described as a "large cell variant of oat cell cancer" has been evaluated by several different parameters and shown even after more than 200 passages to retain properties described for the original cell line. Karyotypic, histological, and biochemical features are retained, as well as tumorigenicity in nude mice. The original authors' suggestion that this is a propitious cell line for both in vitro and in vivo studies is supported by this report. Modulation of growth characteristics in vivo (in xenografts) emphasizes the plasticity of this unique line which serves as a valuable model for basic as well as therapeutic studies. SHP-77 can serve as an in vitro target in 51Cr and 111In release cytotoxicity assays as well as in in vivo nude mouse assays for evaluating immune reactivity of cells and serum from lung cancer patients. The potential histological variability of SHP-77, despite its biochemical stability, calls attention to the inadequacy of histological criteria for lung tumor classification.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Polylactosaminoglycan modification of the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic (SH) protein: a conserved feature among human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses.

We investigated the nature of the oligosaccharide modification of the glycosylated forms of the small hydrophobic integral membrane protein, SH (previously designated 1A), of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. Analysis of SH protein expressed in cells infected with RS virus or with a recombinant vaccinia virus revealed two glycosylated SH protein species, SHg and SHp, which contained N-linked carbohydrate residues. SHp migrated diffusely on polyacrylamide gels, which suggested modification by polylactosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. Polylactosaminoglycan modification of SHp was established from three lines of investigation: (1) the synthesis of SHp in a cell line (IdID) conditionally defective in the ability to add specific carbohydrate residues to N- or O-linked oligosaccharide chains required the addition of galactose, which is a component of the N-acetyllactosamine repeating unit; (2) SHp was sensitive to digestion with endo-beta-galactosidase, which cleaves the beta 1-4 linkage between galactose and N-acetylglucosamine of the repeated N-acetyllactosamine subunit; and (3) SHp was selected by Datura stramonium lectin (Dsl), which has specificity for polylactosaminoglycans. The presence of SHp as a component of purified human subgroups A and B and bovine RS virus particles was demonstrated by Dsl affinity selection. In addition to SHp, nonglycosylated SHo was selected by Dsl affinity, indicating that SHp and SHo may associate to form complexes within infected cells and virus particles. To identify conserved amino acid residues among the human and bovine SH glycoproteins that may function as signals for polylactosaminoglycan modification, the nucleotide sequences of the SH protein genes of a human subgroup B virus (8/60) and a bovine virus (391-2) were determined and compared to those of a human subgroup A virus (A2), a subgroup B virus (18537), and a bovine virus (A51908). A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the human and bovine RS virus SH proteins indicated that a central hydrophobic region and the presence of potential N-linked glycosylation sites on either side of the central hydrophobic region were conserved features that may be required for the polylactosaminoglycan modification of SH.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cigarette smoking on prevalence of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by Trichosporon cutaneum.

We investigated the effect of cigarette smoking on the prevalence of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SHP) caused by Trichosporon cutaneum. In the adult family members of SHP patients, we found that 27 of 41 (65.9%) nonsmokers were SHP patients, compared with 3 of 11 (27.3%) smokers (p less than .05). Also, the prevalence of anti-T. cutaneum antibody was significantly lower in the smokers (p less than .05). A questionnaire provided to 209 SHP patients revealed that the smoking rates of male and female SHP patients were significantly lower (p less than .01) than rates in the normal Japanese population. However, no difference was found in serum anti-T. cutaneum antibody activities or the bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte phenotypes for smoking and nonsmoking SHP patients. It was concluded that cigarette smoking had a suppressive effect on the outbreak of SHP, but smoking caused no further suppression after the disease was established.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influences of pressure surrounding the heart and intracardiac pressure on the diastolic coronary pressure-flow relation in excised canine heart.

We investigated the change in the instantaneous diastolic left coronary pressure-flow relation (DPFR) when the pressure surrounding the heart (SHP), right heart pressure (RHP), and left heart pressure (LHP) were systematically varied. Eight excised and maximally vasodilated canine hearts placed in an air-tight chamber were used. To obtain a capacitance-free DPFR, coronary perfusion pressure was slowly decreased (about 2 mm Hg/sec) during a prolonged diastole. The zero-flow pressure (Pf = 0) and the slope of the DPFR were analyzed. The mean values of the slope did not change significantly throughout the interventions. The mean value of Pf = 0 in the control state (SHP = RHP = LHP = 0 mm Hg) was 6.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, n = 8), significantly higher than the venous outflow pressure, RHP (p less than 0.001), and the other two pressures (p less than 0.001). When SHP was raised to 15 and 30 mm Hg, while the other pressures remained at 0 mm Hg, the mean values of Pf = 0 increased to 20.9 +/- 2.4 and 35.6 +/- 3.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.0005, respectively, vs. control). The mean values of Pf = 0 when only RHP was elevated to 15 and 30 mm Hg were 16.0 +/- 1.5 and 29.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.0005 vs. control). On elevation of LHP to 15 and 30 mm Hg, the mean values of Pf = 0 were 12.0 +/- 2.8 and 17.3 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01 vs. control). When both SHP and LHP were almost evenly elevated to about 15 and 30 mm Hg, the mean values of Pf = 0 were raised to 22.0 +/- 2.9 and 35.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, respectively. These mean values were not significantly different from those when only SHP was elevated to the comparable levels. The observation that Pf = 0 exceeded RHP in the control state and that RHP, which was elevated above the preceding Pf = 0, was identical with the present Pf = 0 supports the vascular waterfall mechanism when RHP is low. Furthermore, the evidence that the degree of DPFR shift was almost linearly dependent on the SHP level rather than on the LHP level indicates that the pressure on the epicardial side is one of the factors that determines the pressure at the top of the vascular waterfall.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Sodium hypophosphite inhibition of the growth of selected gram-positive foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

Sodium hypophosphite (SHP) was evaluated for inhibition of growth of selected Gram-positive foodborne pathogenic bacteria in Trypticase Soy Broth. In addition, the effects of pH and sodium chloride (NaCl) alone and in combination with (SHP) were also examined. All inhibition studies were performed with optimal or nearly optimal growth conditions for each bacterium. Growth was monitored by determining culture optical density at 600 nm, and a time to significant growth determined for each test media. Ratios of time to significant growth for each control over that in test variables were used to evaluate the effect of SHP and other variables on growth. SHP was effective in inhibiting growth of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum strains 62A 52A and Lamanna B, but generally ineffective against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Results from this investigation show that SHP has potential as a food ingredient for the inhibition of certain Gram-positive foodborne pathogens.

Bacillus cereus↗
PubMed1990

Effects of host and spatial factors on a haemoproteid community in mourning doves from western Texas.

Two species of hematozoa, Haemoproteus columbae and H. sacharovi, were observed on thin blood smears from populations of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) in the Rolling Plains (RP, a semiarid dryland farming and grazing area) and Southern High Plains (SHP, an intensively cultivated and irrigated agricultural region with playa lakes) of western Texas (USA). Prevalences of H. columbae and H. sacharovi were 91 and 18% in doves from the RP (n = 44 doves examined) and 81 and 36% in those from thte SHP (n = 84), respectively. Although the prevalences of these species were not significantly different between the RP and SHP, the prevalence of H. sacharovi was significantly greater in juvenile versus adult doves from both localities. Mixed infections of both haemoproteid species occurred in 11 and 24% of the doves from the RP and SHP, respectively. The frequency distributions of the relative density values (numbers of parasites/2,000 erythrocytes counted) of H. columbae and H. sacharovi were overdispersed in hosts from both localities. Relative densities of H. columbae were significantly higher in mourning doves from the RP versus the SHP; likewise those of H. sacharovi were significantly greater in juvenile versus adult doves and between localities. Observed differences in prevalence and relative density of the two species in the haemoproteid community across spatial and host variables may reflect differences in vector transmission and in the physiological and immunological status of the host. This study emphasizes the importance of using adequately quantified density data versus only prevalence data when examining microparasite communities at the component community level.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

Response of type B and E Botulinum toxins to purified sulfhydryl-dependent protease produced by Clostridium botulinum type F.

A sulfhydryl-dependent protease (SHP) was purified from a culture of Clostridium botulinum type F. The enzyme can activate type E progenitor toxin completely but type B progenitor toxin only partially. This may suggest that SHP by itself could completely activate the toxin of proteolytic C. botulinum types A and F in culture. The toxicity of type E progenitor toxin potentiated by the treatment with SHP persisted, whereas that of derivative toxin decreased rapidly by further incubation with SHP. This may indicate that only the progenitor toxin, the complex of the toxic and nontoxic components, activated by SHP withstands the subsequent exposure to the enzyme in cultures of proteolytic C. botulinum.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed2025

RRNPP quorum-sensing repertoires in the salivarius group genomes: overrepresentation and synchronous activation of SHP/Rgg systems in Streptococcus thermophilus.

UNLABELLED: In Bacillota, quorum sensing can be mediated by RRNPP regulators that are activated by autoinducing peptides (AIPs). In this study, we derived a hidden Markov model profile from a 3D-informed alignment to establish RRNPP repertoires for 527 genomes of streptococci in the salivarius group and identified probable AIPs. The salivarius group encompasses Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus vestibularis, which are part of the normal human oral microflora, and Streptococcus thermophilus, one of the most widely used bacteria in the dairy industry. We observed a large amount of plasticity in these repertoires, as well as profound differences among species. Notably, S. salivarius displayed an accumulation of ComR regulators, while S. thermophilus displayed an accumulation of Rgg regulators. The latter family included SHP-associated Rgg regulators, systems in which SHPs serve as AIPs; most of these regulators control the production of post-translationally modified peptides (RaS-RiPPs). Their level of richness contrasts with the genome reduction that accompanied S. thermophilus' adaptation to milk. We then used liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the activity of the eight most common SHP/Rgg systems by characterizing the SHPs and RaS-RiPPs found in the supernatants. We detected four SHPs and one RaS-RiPP that have never been seen before in S. thermophilus, and we showed that seven of the eight SHP/Rgg systems were functional. Finally, by simultaneously monitoring the amounts of both the SHPs and RaS-RiPPs, we demonstrated that the fates of these two peptide types differed during growth. SHP presence in the supernatant was transient, a pattern likely related to the peptides' signaling role. IMPORTANCE: Streptococcus thermophilus possesses an unusually high number of Rgg regulators, which are activated by SHP pheromones that control the production of RaS-RiPPs, peptides with cyclization motifs and growth inhibition properties. We conducted an in silico analysis of regulator repertoires across a wide range of strains; a subsequent experimental study revealed that the majority of the SHP/Rgg systems were functional. Employing an optimized liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry protocol, we were able to better detect and follow SHP and RaS-RiPP accumulation. While RaS-RiPPs accumulated during growth, SHPs were only transiently present in the extracellular environment. This observation suggests that we could manipulate quorum sensing by adding SHPs to the growth medium and highlights the need to study the functions of the RaS-RiPPs.

Streptococcus thermophilus↗
PubMed1992

Impairment of lung diffusion capacity in Schönlein-Henoch purpura.

Twenty-nine children with typical Schönlein-Henoch purpura (SHP) were tested at the initial phase of the disease for respiratory function. Of the 29 patients, 28 had a decrease of lung transfer for carbon monoxide (TLCO) as measured by a steady-state method. Lung volumes and blood gas values were normal; slight radiologic signs of interstitial lung involvement were observed in 18 of 26 patients. There was a decrease in TLCO to 56.8% of normal values for height and gender and to 58.5% when normal values were volume-adjusted to functional residual capacity. In 19 of 25 patients, TLCO measurements were performed at 3-month intervals during follow-up. In all cases, normalization of TLCO values was observed only after complete clinical recovery from SHP. All children with persisting symptoms, even limited to microscopic hematuria or slight proteinuria, had low TLCO values. In one patient low TLCO during follow-up preceded a late relapse of SHP in the form of acute nephritic disease with characteristic IgA deposits on renal biopsy. We conclude that low TLCO in SHP is probably related to alteration of the alveolar-capillary membrane by circulating immune complexes. This noninvasive technique may be useful in diagnosis, and during the follow-up of the disease as an early indicator of reactivation.

Carbon Monoxide↗
PubMed1989

Concurrent poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis and Schönlein-Henoch purpura.

A 5-year-old Japanese boy developed concurrent poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) and Schönlein-Henoch purpura (SHP). An elevated titer of ASK on admission confirmed the preceding streptococcal infection. Arthritis of the left knee and petechiae on admission were regarded as features of SHP. The presence of SHP was further confirmed by the pathological finding of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in the skin. PSAGN was strongly suspected due to the findings of microscopic hematuria and hypocomplementemia in the acute phase. The concurrence of SHP and PSAGN suggests similar underlying pathophysiological processes as poststreptococcal sequelae. At the height of the illness, peripheral blood lymphocyte subset analysis showed a marked increase in the suppressor inducer T subset and a reciprocal decrease in the helper T subset. This alteration in T lymphocyte subsets was regarded as indicative of the immunological derangement in this patient.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of hematopoietic intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatases: description of a phosphatase containing an SH2 domain and another enriched in proline-, glutamic acid-, serine-, and threonine-rich sequences.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are a family of enzymes important in cellular regulation. Characterization of two cDNAs encoding intracellular PTPases expressed primarily in hematopoietic tissues and cell lines has revealed proteins that are potential regulators of signal transduction. One of these, SHP (Src homology region 2 [SH2]-domain phosphatase), possesses two tandem SH2 domains at the amino terminus of the molecule. SH2 domains have previously been described in proteins implicated in signal transduction, and SHP may be one of a family of nonreceptor PTPases that can act as direct antagonists to the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases. The SH2 domains of SHP preferentially bind a 15,000-Mr protein expressed by LSTRA cells. LSTRA cells were shown to express SHP protein by immunoprecipitation, thus demonstrating a potential physiological interaction. The other PTPase, PEP (proline-, glutamic acid-, serine-, and threonine-rich [PEST]-domain phosphatase), is distinguished by virtue of a large carboxy-terminal domain of approximately 500 amino acids that is rich in PEST residues. PEST sequences are found in proteins that are rapidly degraded. Both proteins have been expressed by in vitro transcription and translation and in bacterial expression systems, and both have been demonstrated to have PTPase activity. These two additional members of the PTPase family accentuate the variety of PTPase structures and indicate the potential diversity of function for intracellular tyrosine phosphatases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Life span studies in Zaprionus paravittiger with sodium hypophosphite feeding.

The median and maximum life spans of Zaprionus paravittiger at 26 +/- 2 degrees C were 35.45 +/- 0.39 and 70.0 +/- 1.00 days, respectively, in males and 39.93 +/- 0.40 and 77.67 +/- 0.58 days in females. Feeding of an antioxidant-sodium hypophoshite (SHP), 1, 10 1 X 10(2) and 1 X 10(3) microM-resulted in increased survival of both sexes. Further increase in SHP concentration accelerated the mortality rate. Secondly, the lipid peroxide level as measured by malondialdehyde content showed an age-related increase in normal as well as SHP-fed cohorts. However, the rate of increase was much slower in the latter. It is suggested that SHP, by virtue of its free-radical scavenging property, prolongs the life span of Z. paravittiger.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Increased biosynthesis of vasoactive prostanoids in Schönlein-Henoch purpura.

Schönlein-Henoch purpura (SHP) is an acute immune-mediated vasculitis characterized by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the vessel wall causing damage to the vascular endothelium by the release of proteolytic enzymes. The local inflammatory and thrombotic process may be regulated by increased biosynthesis of vasoactive prostanoids. We investigated the biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 (TxA2), a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist, prostacyclin (PGI2), a vasodilator and platelet antagonist, and prostaglandin E2, a mediator of inflammation, in 14 children with SHP by physicochemical analysis of index metabolites in plasma and urine. TxA2 and PGI2 biosynthesis in the systemic circulation was significantly elevated in the acute phase of the disease and correlated with the degree of clinical symptoms. Recurrent episodes of the disease were associated with phasic increases of plasma and urinary TxA2 and PGI2 metabolites. Renal TxA2 formation was highest in two patients presenting with the nephrotic syndrome and extracapillary glomerulonephritis. Prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in the systemic circulation was increased in the acute phase of the disease. The enhanced TxA2 formation is consistent with phasic platelet activation in SHP. The increased PGI2 biosynthesis reflects endothelial cell damage and may be a response of vascular endothelium to modulate platelet-vessel wall and leukocyte-vessel wall interactions. Increased prostaglandin E2 formation, which probably derives from activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, is thought to be related to the inflammatory process in SHP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Infection as the precipitating factor in Schönlein-Henoch purpura].

Shönlein-Henoch's purpura (SHP) is a form of generalized vasculitis. SHP is characterized by a haemorrhagic eruption, colicky abdominal pain, renal involvement with haematuria and proteinuria, arthralgia and cerebral symptoms in the form of headache and seizures. Retrospective investigations have revealed that infection with microorganisms may precipitate SHP. The authors were able to support this observation by means of a prospective investigation. 2/3 of the 26 children in the investigation had symptoms of infection one to two weeks prior to the onset of symptoms of SHP. Ten children had definite positive signs of prior infection. The course of the sedimentation rate and leukocyte counts also support the assumption of previous infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

A case of vasculitic cholecystitis associated with Schönlein-Henoch purpura in an adult.

A case of Schönlein-Henoch Purpura (SHP) in a 32 year-old female, showing gastrointestinal manifestations including acute vasculitic cholecystitis was reported. In the course of hospitalization urgent laparotomy was performed because of the severe abdominal pain. The gallbladder was inflamed with a brownish-red edematous wall and subserosal hemorrhage, and was resected. Histological examination of the resected gallbladder specimen revealed leucocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was treated with prednisolone postoperatively, and symptoms abated over two weeks. Acute cholecystitis with SHP is extremely rare, and as far as the authors know this is the second case of this disorder documented by histological examination. Patients with acute abdomen associated with SHP should be managed with consideration of the complications of acute cholecystitis.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1990

Primary IgA nephropathies in children.

With the worldwide use of immunofluorescence microscopy, idiopathic IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) has been recognized as a distinct form of primary glomerular disease. IgA nephropathy is the most common form of GN in many parts of the world. However, since the criteria for diagnosis are exclusively based on the findings of predominant IgA in the mesangium, the boundaries of this "entity" are not well delineated and it has become clear that several different clinical conditions share this common immunopathology. IgA nephropathy should, therefore be regarded as a syndrome. Schönlein-Henoch purpura (SHP) and Berger's disease represent the primary form of this syndrome. The clinical features of both diseases in children are reviewed. Although the clinical symptoms may appear different there is a close relationship between SHP and IgA nephropathy. They share the same pathology, the same pathogenesis, and they may both recur on a transplanted kidney. Moreover, both diseases can occur in a single family. When pathologic mechanisms are more defined, SHP may prove to be 1 end of a spectrum of diseases associated with microvascular immune deposits in which IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin seen, the other end being Berger's disease.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Mechanical adaptation to chronic pressure overload.

According to Meerson, the adaptation to cardiac overload can be divided into three periods: the first stage, immediately after the initiation of the defect during which hypertrophy develops, followed by the stable hypertrophy phase (SHP), and a third phase of myocardial failure. Ventricular muscle contraction during SHP has been extensively studied both in vivo and in vitro with conflicting results. In isolated papillary muscles, most studies showed a normal or depressed contractility during chronic volume overload and a depressed inotropic state in pressure overload with a reduced maximal velocity of shortening which has been related to a myosin isozyme shift. In contrast, in conscious animals, haemodynamic status is usually described as preserved during SHP with a ventricular hyperfunction and a normal contractile function per unit of muscle. This was the basis of the concept of preload reserve and afterload mismatch described by Ross. However, mechanisms other than preload reserve may play a role during cardiac adaptation to pressure or volume overload. For instance, we recently showed in the early phase of pressure overload an increased inotropic state of the in situ heart with a change of the excitation contraction coupling evidenced by a modification of the force-frequency relations. Changes in the adrenergic receptors (density and/or affinity) may also contribute to the adaptation of the in situ heart to cardiac overload. They represent an important research area because they may explain, along with species and model differences, the discrepancies between in vivo and in vitro studies.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗