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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Effect of shoe shaft and shoe sole height on the upper ankle joint in lateral movements in floorball (uni-hockey)].

Improvements of the shoe design to increase ankle stability have been discussed for a number of years. This accounts also for floorball where the incidence of ankle injuries is very high. The purpose of the present study was to describe the influence of the shoe upper on a typical floorball sideward cutting movement. A film analysis was conducted (200 Hz) where the achilles tendon angle beta was measured on the shoe as well as within the shoe. Subjects were twelve active floorball players who performed a defined sideward cutting movement with a low-cut and high-cut shoe as well as in the barefoot condition. The results of part 1 of the study showed the stabilizing effect of the shoe upper with respect to supination. The range of supination of the barefoot inside the shoe (between touchdown and maximum) of the low-cut shoe (23.7 degrees +/- 5.7 degrees) was decreased when using the high-cut shoe (12.3 degrees +/- 4.6 degrees). In addition, a reduced shoe sole thickness and an anisotropic shoe sole design showed reducing effects on supination. Part 2 of the study showed significant differences in supination between two different touchdown techniques. With a forefoot touchdown supination was much less (12.0 degrees +/- 4.8 degrees) than with a touchdown in the neutral position (31.7 degrees +/- 4.2 degrees; p < 0.001). Furthermore, possibilities to improve the design of future floorball shoes are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of shoe color on shoe temperature and potential solar injury to the insensate foot.

The authors compared shoes of different colors in terms of the amount by which their temperature increased when subjected to radiant heat. Three trials of temperature measurements were performed for white and black leather walking shoes. A balloon filled with water was placed in the shoe and the surface temperature of the balloon was measured at baseline and after the shoe had been exposed to an infrared heat lamp for 15- and 30-minute periods. The results were significant: The mean increase in temperature after 15 minutes of exposure was between 4.0 degrees F and 8.8 degrees F greater in the black shoe than in the white shoe. After 30 minutes of exposure, the mean increase in temperature was between 7.8 degrees F and 13.6 degrees F greater in the black shoe than in the white shoe. This information can help prevent thermal injury to the insensate foot when shoes are worn in the sun for a prolonged period. Brief case reports of three patients who experienced such thermal injury are presented.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of shoe modifications on center of pressure and in-shoe plantar pressures.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of footwear modification on patients with neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Two analyses, the center of pressure and the in-shoe plantar pressures, were studied with the help of healthy volunteers so that the effect of shoe modifications could be assessed. The ground force under the sole of the shoe was measured while the subjects were walking, and the plantar pressure at the foot-insole interface and its distribution were measured while the subjects were in both the standing and walking positions, wearing the trial shoes. The trial shoes had three different types of heels-standard heel, Thomas heel, and reverse Thomas heel-and had three different locations for the rocker bar--just under the metatarsophalangeal joint, 1 cm behind the metatarsophalangeal joint, and 1 cm before the metatarsophalangeal joint. The shift change at the center of pressure showed that the Thomas heel generally pushed the center of pressure more laterally and the reverse Thomas heel shifted it medially more than the standard heel did. While the subjects were in a stable standing position wearing the Thomas heel shoes, the medial forefoot and the lateral heel region's pressure showed significant reduction in the plantar pressure and the lateral forefoot and the medial heel showed a tendency to rise, compared with the standard heel condition. When the trial shoes' heels were changed to the reverse Thomas heel, the above changes tended to reverse. Tests at the foot-insole interface showed that the different types of heels and the location of the bar could change not only the pressure distribution but also the duration of the plantar pressure under the lateral area that shifted to the medial area when the subjects walked. This pressure measurement method was very useful for the design and evaluation of such footwear.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of trial shoe and shell shoe fitting techniques.

In Europe, bespoke orthopaedic shoes are usually sent for a trial fitting in order to check the fit and indicate any modifications required before final finishing. The use of shell shoes at the fit assessment stage, rather than the traditional alternative of partially or fully finished shoes, can offer service advantages, and is widely used for example in the Netherlands. However the comparability of shell fit assessment with the traditional method of trial shoe fit assessment has not been evaluated, either to assess its sensitivity or to elucidate any difference in assessment technique required of the orthotist. In this work, the results of fit assessments by both methods are compared. The trial involved a group of normal subjects wearing high street shoes of styles similar to those used for orthopaedic footwear. The results indicate that the shell fit assessments were in the main comparable to those for trial shoe fit. The only consistent area of deviation noted, in the heel at the topline, is attributable to a construction factor in shoe making. Apart from this area, the orthotist need not adjust his technique to make use of the shell method.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1992

A prospective study of the effect of the appropriateness of foot-shoe fit and training shoe type on the incidence of overuse injuries among infantry recruits.

In a prospective study of the effect of the appropriateness of foot-shoe fit and training shoe type on the incidence of overuse injuries among infantry recruits, it was found that three shoe widths for each shoe length size were necessary to adequately accommodate the recruit population's foot anatomy. Recruits compensated for the lack of available shoe widths by choosing larger shoe sizes. However, this compensation did not result in an increase in the incidence of overuse injuries. Recruits who trained in basketball shoes had a lower incidence of overuse injuries of the feet than recruits who trained in infantry boots (p = 0.0001), but the overall incidence of overuse injuries was the same in both groups.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed1983

An assessment of subject variability, subject-shoe interaction, and the evaluation of running shoes using ground reaction force data.

Several aspects of dynamic foot function were investigated using ground reaction forces obtained from five runners performing in five different shoes. A minimum of eight trials were necessary in order to obtain stable subject-condition values. Statistically significant subject-shoe interactions occurred for all parameters. It was therefore concluded that a knowledge of shoe characteristics independent of subject characteristics provided little useful information regarding the effects of the shoes tested on selected foot mechanics of the runners. The various subject-conditions were evaluated in an attempt to determine which was the best shoe. Selected descriptive data are presented and the 'best' shoe concept discussed.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

[Quo vadis, children's shoe industry and children's shoe specialty retailers? In memory of Karl Benscheidt].

The German children's shoe industry is shrinking. Some manufacturers are trying to hold their own, concentrating on medically recommended children's shoes in standard sizes and in the three widths W, M, and S. The shoe retailers who stock these shoes and offer satisfactory services for children's shoes are listed in a register kept by the German Shoe Institute in Frankfurt.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Torsion --a new concept in construction of sports shoes. Motion excursion of the foot in athletic stress--anatomical and biomechanical observations and their effects on construction of sports shoes].

In recent years several construction elements resulted in an increasing stiffening of the sport shoe so that the foot was partly forced to make its own movements inside the shoe. A new sport shoe concept is presented basing on the results of anatomic and biomechanical studies, its innovative feature being decoupling of the foot movement between the calcaneal part of the foot and the metatarsus (= torsion). The foot is given an opportunity to transmit its freedom of movement in the longitudinal axis of the foot to the shoe without the shoe acting as a lever, this goal being achieved by a limited liberation of the metatarsal pronation/supination and a controlled uncoupling of the metatarsus from the calcaneal part of the foot.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1990

Shoes for the insensitive foot: the effect of a "rocker bottom" shoe modification on plantar pressure distribution.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on plantar pressure of the rocker bottom shoe, which is a frequently used intervention for the ulcerated diabetic foot. In-shoe pressure distribution was recorded during walking in a conventional extra-depth shoe which was then modified into a rocker bottom configuration with a 24 degrees rocker, and the experiment was repeated. Peak pressures in the rocker shoe were reduce by approximately 30% compared to the conventional shoe in the medial and central forefoot and in the toe regions, but pressures were elevated in the heel, the midfoot, and in the lateral forefoot regions. These experiments suggest that a correctly designed rocker bottom show may reduce the risk of ulceration in certain areas of the foot. However, since pressures in some regions can also be elevated by this type of footwear, attention to individual design is critical.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The ballet technique shoe: a preliminary study of eleven differently modified ballet technique shoes using force and pressure plates.

Ballet dancers are vulnerable to various stress-related injuries; foot and ankle injuries are the most common. This study determined if the pressure across the foot could be more evenly distributed by wearing various modified technique shoes padded with PPT, Spenco, or Sorbathane, alone or in combinations. A professional ballet dancer performed a jump by taking a single step on his left foot, jumping and landing with his right foot on the force and pressure plates with each modified shoe plus one unmodified shoe. The results of this study revealed: (1) total force cannot be reduced, (2) center of gravity and the majority of the pressure is maintained over the first and second metatarsal heads, and (3) the modified technique shoe can more evenly distribute pressure to the medial arch and away from the toes, metatarsal heads, and heel.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1978

[The fixing shoe with rolling sole (arthrodesis shoe) with interchangeable built-in-element (author's transl)].

The fixing shoe with rolling sole (arthrodesis shoe) serves to ensure pain-free or at least tolerably painless walking in case of changes due to arthrosis or lesion sequelae in the ankle joints or the tarsus. This is achieved by means of a high shaft of adequate strength, an accurate bedding of the foot, and a rolling sole with sufficient lift at the tip. This shoe is indicated in cases where the load alone is well tolerated whereas load in conjunction with movement produces pain. Several types of these orthopedic shoes have been developed. Of these, the model with interchangeable built-in element has proved most successful in the authors' experience. This built-in element consists of a drummed (milled) cap reinforced with cast resin, and a cork bedding. This removable or interchangeable unit is advantageous compared with a firmly integrated system insofar as any changes or repairs can be effected easily and at a lower cost.

Arthrodesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shoe wear patterns and pressure distribution under feet and shoes, determined by image analysis.

A method is outlined for extracting contours of the pressure exerted by feet on the ground, either directly or through the soles of shoes, and of the wear patterns on shoe soles. The method is applied to two types of image: shoeprint images made in the laboratory, and pedobarography images recording the distribution of pressure under the foot during a footstep. The first procedure in extracting the information from images involves low pass filtering in the Fourier domain, performed by a microcomputer and frame-grabbing system. The boundaries of the regions in the resultant images are then extracted from the filtered images to display the shape of constant pressure areas and of the general shoe-wear.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1989

In-shoe casting technique for specialized sports shoes.

The use of vacuum casting to create better-fitting orthoses for special athletic shoes has been discussed. By vacuum-forming a negative cast within the confines of special athletic shoes, such as bicycling cleats or fencing shoes, a better-fitting orthosis can be fabricated with little or no special adjustments or modifications necessary to create the best fit and function.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Basic considerations for shoes, shoe modifications, and orthoses in foot care.

It is important to remember that appropriate padding and materials for the foot should be selected on the basis of indications and functional needs of the patient. It is important to remember that foot wear, as protection and foot covering, needs to be compatible with the foot and the patient's functional requirements. The foot, orthosis, and shoe must function as a unit and as part of the patient's ambulatory system. I have attempted to identify some of the basic considerations involved in shoe selection, shoe modification, and orthotic selection for patient's rehabilitation. This article is not intended to be a composite of all that is available but rather to serve as a primary view of the needs of the foot as part of total patient care in rehabilitation programs. There are also multiple forms of digital orthoses that comprise the area of orthodigita, including materials such as felt, silicone, and latex, to be used when appropriate. But a key factor mandates that maximal pain-free foot function be maintained to enhance the residuals to maximize total patient function.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Children's shoe: a miniature version of the adult shoe?].

The question arising from this subject, could be answered with "Yes" and "No", since this issue is interpreted differently by footwear manufacturers. During the last 10 years the scientists have achieved essential knowledge concerning the requested standards of children's footwear. These results verify that children's footwear needs to have other characteristical features than adult's footwear. The requested standards on a healthy children's shoe result from the exceptional function (intensity and many-sided motor activity) and the anatomy (elasticity, shape and state) of a child's foot, which is, in contrast to an adult's foot, still developing. Due to these facts there are special requirements and features regarding the fitting, the flexibility and the information. This is explained on some examples.

Adolescent↗