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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Hospital market share: the declining share of small players in the market.

Analysis of a set of isolated hospital markets reveals that low-market-share hospitals have experienced a consistent decline in their market share for the last five years. The challenges presented by such a decline in market share are compounded by the overall decline in the total market (in terms of number of hospital discharges) for the markets studied. It is suggested that significant strategy changes may be required if low-market-share hospitals are to survive.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1988

Shared genes, shared experiences, and similarity of personality: data from 14,288 adult Finnish co-twins.

Similarities for Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N) scale scores from the Eysenck Personality Inventory were evaluated in 7,144 adult twin pairs, drawn from the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort, as a function of the co-twins' genetic resemblance, gender, age, and the frequency of their social interaction with each other. To separate effects of shared genes from those of shared experience, we performed hierarchical multiple regressions of double-entry data matrices. Results establish the predictive significance of both genetic and experiential influences: Genetic effects remained significant when tested after the effects of social contact were first removed; conversely, for N scores, the effects of social contact remained significant when assessed after genetic influences were first removed. These findings establish genetic variance in major dimensions of adult personality but assign a significant role to common experience as well. The first finding constructively replicates reports by others; the second challenges the widespread assumption that shared experiences have a negligible impact on sibling similarity in adult personality.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sharing of Ia antigens between species. II. Molecular localization of shared Ia determinants implies the existence of more than one I sublocus of the rat MHC.

A mouse alloantiserum B10.D2 anti-B10.BR (H-2d anti-H-2k) cross-reacted with rat lymphocyte surface glycoproteins with characteristics of Ia antigens. Sequential precipitation analysis on solubilized radiolabeled LEW rat lymphocyte antigens with this cross-reactive mouse alloantiserum and the rat alloantiserum BN anti-LEW (Ag-B3 anti-Ag-B1) revealed that the Ia-like antigen detected by the mouse alloantiserum also reacted with the rat anti-Ia antibodies. It was further shown that the rat alloantiserum also detected another set of Ia-like antigens that did not cross-react with the mouse alloantibody. Precipitation analysis with congenic rat strains confirmed that all Ia-like antigens precipitated by the rat alloantibody were encoded by Ag-B linked genes. Thus the shared Ia-like antigen must also be the product of Ag-B-linked gene(s) or be physically associated with such products. In addition, molecules bearing shared antigenic determinants were separable from at least some of the Ia-like antigens detected by the rat alloantiserum, possibly suggesting the existence of more than one sublocus coding for Ia antigens within the rat MHC.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Importance of shared genes and shared environments for symptoms of depression in older adults.

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale was administered to 68 identical and 161 fraternal twin pairs reared apart and 114 identical and 138 fraternal pairs reared together to ascertain relative genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in self-reported depressive symptoms. Intraclass correlations and model fitting indicated that genetic influences explained 16% of the variance in total depression scores and 19% for the Psychomotor Retardation and Somatic Complaints subscale, but heritability was minimal for the Depressed Mood and Well-Being subscales. Influence of family rearing context played a substantial role in explaining twin similarity, whereas unique life experiences accounted for the greatest proportion of variance. Significant age group differences were observed, with heritability greater in twins of 60 years of age or older than in twins under 60, especially for Psychomotor Retardation.

Adoption↗
PubMed1977

Sharing of Ia antigens between species. I. Detection of Ia specificities shared by rats and mice.

A mouse anti-rat xenogeneic antiserum, B10.D2 anti-BN, has been found to react with a subpopulation of lymphoid cells of certain mouse strains. The corresponding alloantiserum, B10.D2 anti-B10.BR, reacted in analogous fashion with lymphoid cells of BN rats. In the case of the cross-reaction on mouse cells, mapping studies indicated that at least part of the reactivity was with the product of gene(s) determined by the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex. Chemical isolation studies with radiolabeled cell surface preparations indicated that the antigens detected in both mouse and rat had mol wt characteristic of Ia antigens (35,000 and 28,000 dalton molecules). Testing of fractionated spleen cell populations revealed that the cross-reactive antigens were expressed predominatly on B cells, but that a subpopulation of T cells were also reactive. Wider strain and species distribution studies are in progress to determine the extent of such Ia cross-reactions between species and to further assess the practical and theoretical importance of such cross-reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

To share or not to share.

We describe our extensive experience in nipple reconstruction on breasts formed by subpectoral implants, latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps, or rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps.

Breast↗
PubMed1979

Sharing Ia antigens between species. III. Ia specificities shared between mice and human beings.

Certain mouse alloantisera have been found to detect immunologic cross-reactions between human and murine Ia antigens. Almost every anti-Iaa, -Iak and -Iad serum tested exhibited such cross-reactions. Sera prepared against the products of limited segments of the mouse I region and tested on human B cells revealed that anti-I-E/Ck cross-reactions were more readily detectable than anti-I-A, B, Jk cross-reactions. Most of the mouse alloantisera were cytotoxic to bells from almost every individual tested, although a few sera exhibited more restricted patterns of lysis, permitting limited segregation analyses. The cytotoxicity of these mouse alloantisera in family studies was consistent with HLA linkage of the genes responsible for the cross-reacting Ia determinants. Immunochemical analysis on radiolabelled detergent lysates of human lymphocytes indicated that the sera reacted with molecules of 34,000 and 28,000 daltons. Thus, by cellular distribution, HLA association, and immunochemical criteria, these mouse alloantisera detect human Ia antigens. These cross-reactive sera should be of practical value for the detection of human Ia antigens and may also have theoretical implications for the evolution of genes coding for Ia antigens.

Animals↗