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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Psychodynamic approach to sex disorders].

When treating patients with sexual disorders, the necessary distinction between organic and functional dysfunction is far from being sufficient in itself, and may even inspire an over-inflexible and rigid therapeutic attitude. The psychodynamic approach sets out to take into consideration the patient's appeal in its entirety, including the symptoms described. In psychodynamic theory, sexotherapy is one form of psychotherapy, but the therapeutic attitude will not be fundamentally modified by the fact that a disorder is functional or organic.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Substance use disorders: sex differences and psychiatric comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with substance use disorders and, in particular, the clinical significance of these differences for treatment outcome among women. METHOD: We undertook a computerized search of major health care databases. To enhance the search, we drew prior relevant articles from the reference list. RESULTS: Women with alcohol and other drug use disorders present higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity, particularly mood and anxiety disorders, than do men. Moreover, the comorbid diagnosis, particularly of depression, is more often primary in women, while in men the comorbidity is more often secondary to the substance abuse diagnosis. In addition, there is evidence that psychiatric comorbidity is associated with distinct, sex-specific outcomes for substance use treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Sex differences in the clinical presentation of substance-dependent individuals with psychiatric comorbidity present specific treatment challenges and opportunities.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed2000

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents with conduct disorder: sex differences and onset patterns.

OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in the rate and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma exposure, and onset patterns in youth with conduct disorder (CD). METHOD: Youth admitted to a clinical facility for severe behaviour problems completed the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents--Revised (DICA-R) to assess the presence of CD and PTSD. RESULTS: Over one-half of CD youth reported exposure to trauma, yet only 17% met criteria for PTSD. PTSD was more frequent in CD girls (28%) than in boys (10%), and girls experienced greater symptom intensity and anhedonia, difficulty feeling love or affection, and disturbance of sleep and concentration. Girls more frequently reported sexual assault, while boys were more likely to report accidents, physical assaults, and witnessing the death of a loved one. Retrospective reports indicated that PTSD tended to develop subsequent to CD. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to trauma is common among CD youth; however, diagnostic procedures should be adapted for increased sensitivity to PTSD. The development of CD may increase the risk for PTSD, particularly in girls, by exposing youth to situations in which they are traumatized. The role of trauma in CD should be routinely examined by clinicians and warrants further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comorbid psychiatric disorders, sex, and methamphetamine use in adolescents: a case-control study.

The purpose of this case-control study was to elucidate the relative proportions of amphetamine use disorder (AUD) and amphetamine-induced disorder (AID) in a group of adolescents with the use of methamphetamine (MAMP) and to examine the risks for psychiatric comorbidity and sex for MAMP use. Psychiatric comorbidity in the preceding year was determined for 200 adolescent MAMP users and 400 drug-free control subjects by diagnostic interview using the Kiddie epidemiologic version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. The proportions of AUD and AID were calculated, and the association between psychiatric comorbidity, sex, and MAMP use was assessed. The results revealed that among the MAMP users, 65 subjects (32.5%) had AUD, whereas 19 (9.5%) had AID. Early use of MAMP use was seen in AUD, whereas high-frequency MAMP use was associated with the occurrence of AID. Alcohol, nicotine, and betel nut use disorders were more prevalent in MAMP users for both sexes. By applying conditional logistic regression analysis, it was demonstrated that MAMP use was associated with conduct disorder in males, whereas in females, it was associated with conduct disorder and adjustment disorder. The results indicated that age of first use and subsequent frequency of MAMP use appeared to be associated with the development of amphetamine-related disorders. Sex differences in the association between psychiatric comorbidity and MAMP use were demonstrated. These factors have to be taken into consideration when intervening for adolescent MAMP use.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1982

Brain damage among mentally disordered sex offenders.

The incidence and nature of structural brain dysfunction was investigated in a pilot study sample of individuals currently assigned the Nebraska Penal Code designation of mentally disordered sexual offender. It was hypothesized that the sexual offenders would show a significantly higher incidence of dysfunction than a psychosocially normal group as evidenced by computed tomography scan measures, regional cerebral blood flow, and neuropsychological instruments. The hypothesis was tested by two different methods. One method used a 160 by 160 printout of density numbers generated by computer from computed tomography scans administered to the sexual offenders. The second method used mean blood flow data generated from a Harshaw TASC-5 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow analysis system. Additionally, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery was administered as a measure of the behavioral correlates of brain dysfunction. Preliminary analyses indicate that 50% of the sexual offenders tested showed brain dysfunction as demonstrated by decreased density measures, decreased blood flow, and performance deficits on the Luria Battery. The implications of these findings, if confirmed, are substantial on issues of criminal responsibility, sentencing, treatment, and rehabilitation of the sex offender. Case reports of the patients studied are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

High vesicular monoamine transporter binding in asymptomatic bipolar I disorder: sex differences and cognitive correlates.

OBJECTIVE: It has been hypothesized that anomalies in monoaminergic function underlie some of the manifestations of bipolar disorder. In this study the authors examined the possibility that trait-related abnormalities in the concentration of monoaminergic synaptic terminals may be present in patients with asymptomatic bipolar disorder type I. METHOD: The concentration of a stable presynaptic marker, the vesicular monoamine transporter protein (VMAT2), was quantified with (+)[(11)C]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) and positron emission tomography. Sixteen asymptomatic patients with bipolar I disorder who had a prior history of mania with psychosis (nine men and seven women) and individually matched healthy subjects were studied. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between regional VMAT2 binding, cognitive function, and clinical variables. RESULTS: VMAT2 binding in the thalamus and ventral brainstem of the bipolar patients was higher than that in the comparison subjects. VMAT2 concentrations in these regions correlated with performance on measures of frontal, executive function. In addition, sex differences in VMAT2 binding were detected in the thalamus of the bipolar patients; the male patients had higher binding than the women. No sex differences in binding were observed in the healthy comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: These initial results suggest that higher than normal VMAT2 expression and, by extension, concentration of monoaminergic synaptic terminals, may represent a trait-related abnormality in patients with bipolar I disorder and that male and female patients show different patterns. Also, VMAT2 concentrations may be associated with some of the cognitive deficits encountered in euthymic bipolar disorder.

Adult↗