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Results for “SEX BEHAVIOR”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of progesterone and dihydrotestosterone on stimulation of androgen-dependent sex behavior, accessory sex structures, and in vitro binding characteristics of cytosolic androgen receptors in male whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus inornatus).

Progestins often act as potent antiandrogens in male birds and mammals. Experiments with lizards find that progestins can both inhibit (when given in high dosages) or stimulate (when given in low dosages) male-typical sex behavior in gonadectomized individuals. This study shows that in the little striped whiptail lizard exogenous progesterone (P) facilitates androgen-dependent sex behaviors in males yet fails to stimulate seasonal activation of androgen-dependent accessory sex structures. Analysis of androgen receptors (AR) in brain and kidney cytosol of the little striped whiptail lizard reveals similarities with the AR of the mouse. The data indicate that despite the ability of P to mimic the actions of androgens in activating sex behaviors in males of this species, the characteristics of the AR are conserved with respect to other vertebrate species.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The bisexual brain: sex behavior differences and sex differences in parthenogenetic and sexual lizards.

The parthenogenetic lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens alternates in the display of male-like and female-like sexual behavior, providing a unique opportunity for determining the neuronal circuits subserving gender-typical sexual behavior within a single sex. Here we report a 6-fold greater [14C]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the medial preoptic area of C. uniparens displaying male-like behavior in comparison with C. uniparens displaying female-like receptivity. The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus showed greater 2DG accumulation in receptive C. uniparens than in courting C. uniparens. When a related sexual species (C. inornatus) was compared to the unisexual species, the anterior hypothalamus in C. inornatus males exhibited significantly greater activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy of a behavioral intervention for increasing safer sex behaviors in HIV-positive MSM methamphetamine users: results from the EDGE study.

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine use has been associated with rising STI/HIV transmission rates, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). Interventions which successfully reduce risk for HIV transmission among this population are a public health priority. This study examined the efficacy of a behavioral intervention for increasing safer sex behaviors in the context of ongoing methamphetamine use in a sample of HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using MSM. METHODS: Three-hundred and forty-one participants from San Diego, CA were randomly assigned to receive either a safer sex behavioral intervention (EDGE) or a time-equivalent diet-and-exercise attention-control condition. Random effects regression analyses were used to evaluate change in safer sex behaviors over a 12-month period. RESULTS: Participants in the EDGE intervention engaged in significantly more protected sex acts at the 8-month (p=0.034) and 12-month assessment (p=0.007). By 12-months post-baseline, a greater percentage of protected sex acts was observed for EDGE (25.8%) vs. control participants (18.7%) (p=0.038). There was a significant time-by-intervention interaction (p=0.018) for self-efficacy for condom use, suggesting that EDGE participants' self-efficacy demonstrated a greater increase over time compared to control participants. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that it is possible to reduce high risk sexual behaviors in the context of ongoing methamphetamine use among HIV-infected MSM.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Regulation and determinants of sex behavior].

One has to distinguish masculine sex behavior and estrogens alone or in combination with gestagens evoke feminine sex behavior. The central integrator for the induction of sex behavior is located in diencephalic nuclei. If sex hormones are lacking, the sex drive is fading off, except in women. Sex hormones are also responsible for the determination of those neutral centres controlling male or female sex behavior later in life in most species. Based on animal datas and on retrospective inquiries of homosexuals or mothers of homosexuals, a hypothesis for the etiology of homo-, bi- and hyposexuality has been developed by Dorner. Absence or deficiency of androgens in the critical phase of "brain differentiation" leads to male homo-, bi- or hyposexuality, respectively. If androgens become active in the critical phase of female differentiation, then the result will be female homo-, bi- or hyposexuality, respectively. This hypothesis will be critical evaluated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

The efficacy of behavioral interventions in reducing HIV risk sex behaviors and incident sexually transmitted disease in black and Hispanic sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in the United States: a meta-analytic review.

OBJECTIVES: Interventions targeting sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients provide an important opportunity to modify high-risk sex behaviors related to HIV/STD transmission. Identifying efficacious interventions for blacks and Hispanics is urgently needed because these 2 groups are disproportionately affected by the HIV/STD epidemics. GOAL: This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of behavioral interventions in reducing unprotected sex and incident STD among black and Hispanic STD clinic patients. STUDY DESIGN: Comprehensive searches, including electronic databases (1988-2004), hand searches of journals (January 2004 to June 2005), reference lists of articles, and contacts with researchers, identified 18 randomized, controlled trials meeting the selection criteria. RESULTS: Interventions significantly reduced unprotected sex (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.68-0.87; 14 trials; N = 11,590) and incident STD (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.73-0.998; 13 trials; N = 16,172). CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral interventions provide an efficacious means of HIV/STD prevention for blacks and Hispanics who attend STD clinics.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2000

The influence of gender on sex: a study of men's and women's self-reported high-risk sex behavior.

An investigation is presented of the relationship between gender and five self-reported high-risk sex behaviors: ever having had casual sex, the lifetime number of vaginal sex partners, the lifetime number of anal sex partners, having had multiple vaginal sex partners over the short term, and having had multiple anal sex partners over the short term. The analysis was guided by a conceptual model that emphasized the constraints and opportunities for high-risk sex behavior that arise from an individual's structural position and cultural context. Gender differences in high-risk sex behaviors were predicted to be due to differences in men's and women's family roles, work roles, religious behaviors, and past sex experience. In addition, the effects of certain sociocultural factors on the high-risk sex behaviors were expected to be dependent on an individual's gender. The hypotheses were evaluated using national data from the United States on self-reported sex behaviors for men ages 20 to 39 years old and women ages 20 to 37 years old. Data analyses were conducted using ordinary least-squares regression and logistic regression. Findings provided mixed support for the predictions. Gender was not significantly related to short-term, self-reported high-risk sex behaviors once social and cultural factors were included in the statistical models. But it continued to predict lifetime behaviors. Several variables, including race, age, age at first sex, and marital status, had gender-specific effects on the self-reported high-risk sex behaviors. The study demonstrates how the effects of structural and cultural factors on sex behavior differ for men and women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The predictive power of first-grade peer and teacher ratings of behavior: sex differences in antisocial behavior and personality at adolescence.

Peer and teacher assessments of aggression, social withdrawal, and likability using the Pupil Evaluation Inventory were recorded for 104 French Canadian girls and boys in grade 1. Self-reported delinquency and personality measures were administered to these children when they were in junior high school 7 years later. Linear regression analyses revealed significant predictive differences between the grade 1 assessment of girls and boys: For antisocial behavior, teacher and peer assessments of boys were equally good predictors, and the combination of the two assessments did not improve prediction; for girls, peer and teacher assessments taken separately were weak predictors, but, taken together, they were better predictors for girls than for boys; for personality, peers were better predictors than teachers both for girls and for boys. When categorical analyses were used to predict extreme antisocial behavior, peer and teacher assessments were equally good predictors for girls and boys. The use of peer and teacher ratings together, however, decreased the number of false positives. The implications of these findings for research and clinical work are discussed.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1992

Interactions between progesterone and androgens in the stimulation of sex behaviors in male little striped whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus inornatus.

Progesterone is believed to have a suppressive or inhibitory role in regulating androgen-dependent sex behaviors in male mammals and birds. Previous studies in this laboratory have revealed that in the little striped whiptail lizard (Cnemidophorus inornatus), progesterone (P) can stimulate sex behavior in a proportion of the males. The present study sought to determine (i) interactions between androgens and P in activating sex behaviors, and (ii) the overlap in behavioral sensitivities to androgens and P in male C. inornatus. With an increasing length of castration the behavioral sensitivity of males to exogenous P was reduced. However, priming of castrated males with subthreshold doses of exogenous dihydrotestosterone (DHT) greatly facilitated subsequent behavioral responses to exogenous P. Progesterone treatments of castrated males were more effective at reinstating sex behaviors in males that exhibited high-intensity sex behaviors prior to castration compared to males that exhibited low-intensity sex behaviors. Finally, exogenous DHT is more effective at reinstating sex behaviors in P-sensitive males than in P-insensitive males. These data are discussed in light of possible mechanisms underlying the unusual behavioral effects of P in the Cnemidophorus model system.

Androgens↗
PubMed1983

Androgen control of male sex behavior in the crested newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur.): castration and sex steroid administration.

Castration significantly lowers serum testosterone in sexually active male Triturus cristatus. Replacement therapy by implants of testosterone in silastic capsules elevates the serum testosterone level to higher values than normal. Sex behavior is depressed by castration and partially reinstated by replacement therapy with testosterone. 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was the only testosterone metabolite showing some behavioral effectiveness in castrates; estradiol and 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone failed to elicit sex behavior.

Androgens↗
PubMed1992

Psychosocial predictors of "safer sex" behaviors in young adults.

This study tested a model of safer sex behavior using variables from social learning theory, the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and theories of cognitive coping style. Two types of safer sex behavior were measured: frequency of condom use and the discussion of AIDS and past partners with a sexual partner. The participants--275 undergraduate students--completed an anonymous written questionnaire. The variables (behavioral intention, perceived susceptibility, barriers, self-efficacy, monitoring, blunting, and social support) predicted 35% of the variance in condom use and 13% of the variance in discussion (adjusted R2s). Intention was the strongest predictor of both types of safer sex behavior. Perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers were associated with intention to use a condom; perceived barriers was inversely related to condom use. Self-efficacy was associated with the intention to discuss and reported discussion of AIDS and past partners with a sexual partner; social support was related to the intention to discuss. An information-avoiding coping style was negatively associated with condom use. Implications for future research and intervention efforts in the area of AIDS prevention are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The determinants of safe sex behaviors of junior college students with sexual experience.

The purpose of this study was to explore the safe sex behavior and related factors of junior college students with sexual experience in southern Taiwan. This study used a cross-sectional design, in which data from a sample of 187 junior college students with sexual experience were collected by an anonymous and self-administered questionnaire. For a conceptual framework, the study used constructs from the PRECEDE (Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) model. Two predisposing factors (AIDS-prevention self-efficacy, AIDS related knowledge), one enabling factor (school resources in AIDS prevention), one reinforcing factor (perception of peers' AIDS prevention behavior), demographic characteristics (gender, parents' educational level), substance use (cigarette and alcohol use) and sexual history (age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners) were examined for their ability to influence safe sex behavior of junior college students with sexual experience. The results showed that gender, fathers' educational level, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, cigarette use and alcohol use were significant factors for difference in safe sex behavior. AIDS prevention self-efficacy, AIDS-related knowledge, and perception of peers' AIDS prevention behavior were all positively related to safe sex behavior. AIDS prevention self-efficacy, fathers' educational level accounted for 49.8% of the variance in safe sex behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community-based research to explore safer sex behaviors among women: implications for CNS practice.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: This article illustrates how data from community-based surveys can be used to inform clinical nurse specialist (CNS) practice and ultimately influence patient care related to sex behaviors. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: Clinical nurse specialists design, implement, and evaluate research to develop specific prevention and intervention strategies for populations. Much of this research is conducted in the tertiary setting although many of the interventions are carried out in the community setting. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: A sample of rural women (N = 578) participated in a community-based survey to determine characteristics which influence safer sex behaviors. OUTCOME: Results of the survey suggest that age, education, and relationship status influence safer sex behaviors. Women in the community tended to believe that safer sex behaviors were linked to pregnancy prevention and lacked understanding about the importance of safer sex behaviors to prevent sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. INTERPRETATION/CONCLUSION: The findings of this study can inform CNSs about sex behaviors among women in a selected community, translating community-based research into evidence-based, patient-centered care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Results from community-based research can be used to develop educational and prevention programs, and interventions for specialty populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Acute low doses of melatonin stimulate rat sex behavior: the role of serotonin neurotransmission.

Melatonin is known to inhibit male and female sex behavior, but this effect has been reported only after repeated administration of sustained doses of the hormone. The present experiments were performed in order to study the effects of acute treatment with low doses of melatonin on rat male and female sex behavior in a dose-response paradigm. After four mating tests with a receptive female, sexually active male rats of the Wistar strain were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with small doses of melatonin (10, 50 and 100 microg/kg) administered acutely 1 h before a 30-min mating test. Melatonin (50 and 100 ng/2 microl) or its analogs, 6-chloromelatonin (2 and 4 ng/2 microl) and 2-iodomelatonin (5 and 10 ng/2 microl) were also injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) 30 min before mating. Either treatments caused a reduction of the latency to the first mount, intromission and ejaculation. An increase in the frequency of mounts, intromissions and ejaculations was also observed. Inhibition of sexual activity was observed when a greater dose (1 mg/kg) of melatonin was repeatedly injected for 14 days. Female sex behavior, measured by the lordosis quotient in Wistar female rats, was not affected by acute treatment with the hormone, while it appeared to be inhibited by the repeated injection. The facilitating effect of acute i.p. or i.c.v. melatonin low doses on sexual activity of male rats was partially abolished by the pre-treatment with the non-selective melatonin antagonist, luzindole (0.25 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously), and totally suppressed by the injection of small quantities of serotonin or the 5H(2A)-5H(2C) receptor agonist, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane into the amygdala. These results suggest that melatonin may exert opposite effects on male and female sex behavior depending on the dose and duration of treatment.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1976

Sex typing and the avoidance of cross-sex behavior.

This article presents evidence for the hypothesis that cross-sex behavior is motivationally problematic for sex-typed individuals and that they actively avoid it as a result. In particular, when asked to indicate which of a series of paired activities they would prefer to perform for pay while being photographed, sex-typed subjects were more likely than either androgynous or sex-reversed subjects to prefer sex-appropriate activity and to resist sex-inappropriate activity, even though such choices cost them money. Moreover, actually engaging in cross-sex behavior caused sex-typed subjects to report greater psychological discomfort and more negative feelings about themselves.

Avoidance Learning↗