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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Association of UV index, latitude, and melanoma incidence in nonwhite populations--US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, 1992 to 2001.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between UV index, latitude, and melanoma incidence in different racial and ethnic populations in a high-quality national data set. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Eleven US cancer registries that constitute the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER-11). PATIENTS: Patients with malignant melanoma of the skin reported between 1992 and 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pearson correlation coefficients and regression coefficients were used to estimate the relationship of age-adjusted melanoma incidence rates (2000 US standard population) with the UV index or latitude within racial and ethnic groups. RESULTS: A higher mean UV index was significantly associated with an increase in melanoma incidence only in non-Hispanic whites (r = 0.85, P = .001), although a nonsignificant association was noted in Native Americans (r = 0.42, P = .20). Negative, but not significant, correlations with incidence were observed in blacks (r = -0.53, P = .10), Hispanics (r = -0.43, P = .19), and Asians (r = -0.28, P = .41). Latitude also had a significant correlation with incidence only in non-Hispanic whites (r = -0.85, P = .001). A substantial portion of the variance in registry incidence in non-Hispanic whites could be explained by the UV index (R(2) = 0.71, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Melanoma incidence is associated with increased UV index and lower latitude only in non-Hispanic whites. No evidence to support the association of UV exposure and melanoma incidence in black or Hispanic populations was found.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

Malignant phyllodes tumor of the female breast: association of primary therapy with cause-specific survival from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

BACKGROUND: Malignant phyllodes tumor is a rare and potentially aggressive breast neoplasm. Little information is available regarding the optimal management of these lesions and rarer still are data regarding survival. The current study used a large population database to determine prognostic factors that predict cause-specific survival (CSS). METHODS: Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) for the years 1983-2002. Women receiving resection for primary nonmetastatic malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast were included (n = 821). Analyses of patient, pathologic, and treatment characteristics were performed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for the CSS endpoint. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 5.7 years, CSS was 91%, 89%, and 89%, at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Mastectomy was performed in 428 women (52%) and wide excision or lumpectomy in 393 (48%). Women undergoing mastectomy were significantly older (P = .004) and had larger tumors (P = .009). Wide excision was associated with equivalent or improved CSS relative to mastectomy on univariate and multivariate analyses. Older age predicted for cause-specific mortality on multivariate analysis. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) predicted for worse CSS when implemented compared with surgery alone. CONCLUSIONS: Mastectomy was not found to provide a benefit in CSS compared with wide excision in malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast. Women undergoing wide excision had at the minimum similar cancer-specific mortality compared with those who received mastectomy. The role of adjuvant RT is uncertain and requires further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Building the infrastructure for nationwide cancer surveillance and control--a comparison between the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (United States).

OBJECTIVE: In preparation for jointly publishing official government cancer statistics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) compared incidence rates from NCI's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program and CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR). METHODS: Data for 1999 covering 78% of the US population were obtained from SEER and selected NPCR registries that met high quality data criteria. Incidence rates (per 100,000 population) were age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population, and 95% gamma confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS: NPCR rates for all sites combined were higher than SEER rates (males: NPCR 553.6, SEER 538.7; females: NPCR 420.8, SEER 412.5), but rates for specific cancer sites varied by registry program. Rates for colon cancer (males: NPCR 47.0, SEER 42.7; females: NPCR 36.5, SEER 33.8) and tobacco-related cancers were higher in NPCR than SEER. In contrast, NPCR rates were lower than SEER rates for cancers of the female breast (NPCR 134.0, SEER 135.9), prostate (NPCR 162.0, SEER 170.2), and melanoma as well as for cancers more common among Asians and Pacific Islanders (e.g., stomach cancer). CONCLUSIONS: Rate differences may arise from population differences in socio-demographic characteristics, screening use, health behaviors, exposure to cancer causing agents or registry operations factors.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2003

Cancer survival and incidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

An overview of data on cancer at all sites combined and on selected, frequently occurring cancers is presented. Descriptive cancer statistics include average annual Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program incidence, U.S. mortality and median age at diagnosis, and death for the period 1996-2000. Changes during the time period 1992-2000 are summarized by the annual percent change in SEER incidence and U.S. mortality data for this period. Five-year relative survival for selected cancers is examined by stage at diagnosis, based on data from 1990-1999. In addition, 5-year conditional survival for patients already surviving for 1-3 years after diagnosis is discussed as well as relative survival for other time periods. These measures may be more meaningful for clinical management and prognosis than 5-year relative survival from time of diagnosis. The likelihood of developing cancer during one's lifetime is 1 in 2 for males and 1 in 3 for females, based on 1998-2000 data. It is estimated that approximately 9.6 million people in the U.S. who have had a diagnosis of cancer are alive. Five-year relative survival varies greatly by cancer site and stage at diagnosis, and tends to increase with time since diagnosis. The median age at cancer diagnosis is 68 for men and 65 for women. The 5-year relative survival rate for persons diagnosed with cancer is 62.7%, with variation by cancer site and stage at diagnosis. For patients diagnosed with cancers of the prostate, female breast, corpus uteri, and urinary bladder, the relative survival rate at 8 years is over 75%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

How representative are the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program cancer data of the United States?

OBJECTIVE: Data from the 11 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results tumor registries cover 14% of the U.S. population and are often used to provide national estimates of cancer incidence and survival. Cancer mortality data for the U.S. and for SEER are compared to assess the representation of SEER to the U.S. METHODS: Comparisons between US and SEER cancer mortality were made for 16 of the leading causes of cancer death. Cancer site-specific comparisons were also made by race and sex. In addition, tobacco-related cancers were considered. Analyses were performed for the years when all 11 SEER registries were included in the SEER program. Poisson regression was used to estimate site-specific cancer mortality rate ratios between the U.S. and SEER. RESULTS: Cancer site-specific mortality rates derived from SEER data tend to under-represent the U.S. cancer mortality experience for white males and females and black males. Under-representation is observed across the majority of SEER registries, with the highest amount of under representation in Utah and New Mexico. Under-representation of SEER data compared with US data is noticeably greater among tobacco-related cancers, particularly in Utah and New Mexico. CONCLUSION: For certain cancer sites, particularly tobacco-related cancers, the SEER coverage population is not representative of the U.S. population.

Demography↗
PubMed2003

Factors influencing aggressive therapy for bladder cancer: an analysis of data from the SEER program.

PURPOSE: We examined the association of various demographic, geographic and disease related factors, and the use of aggressive therapy defined as radical cystectomy or radiation therapy for bladder cancer. We also examined the correlation between these factors and disease specific survival such aggressive therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program public use files from 1992 to 1999 were used to analyze the demographic and disease related variables of patient age, sex, race, reporting SEER site/geographic region, disease stage, number of lymph nodes examined and number of positive lymph nodes. Cox proportional hazards model analysis was used to test for associations with disease specific survival and logistic regression was used to test the predictors of aggressive therapy. RESULTS: In multivariate models age, SEER site and disease stage were predictors of radical cystectomy while race, age, sex, SEER site and disease stage were significant factors predicting likelihood of radiation therapy. Disease stage and number of nodes examined were significantly associated with survival after radical cystectomy, while age, sex, SEER site and stage significantly affected survival after radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic, geographic and disease related characteristics of the patient population can significantly affect treatment choice in patients with bladder cancer. Disease specific survival after radical cystectomy appears to be influenced only by disease related factors (stage and extent of lymphadenectomy) compared to radiation therapy, where survival is influenced by nondisease related factors such as age, sex and SEER site. A significant number of patients who are older or live in certain geographic areas who are being denied aggressive therapy for bladder cancer would benefit from such therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cancer prevalence estimates based on tumour registry data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.

BACKGROUND: The Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR) has collected cancer data for a sufficiently long period of time to capture essentially all prevalent cases of cancer, and to provide unbiased estimates of cancer prevalence. However, prevalence proportions estimated from Connecticut data may not be representative of the total US, particularly for racial/ethnic subgroups. The purpose of this study is to apply the modelling approach developed by Capocaccia and De Angelis to cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute to obtain more representative US site-specific cancer prevalence proportion estimates for white and black patients. METHODS: Incidence and relative survival were modelled and used to obtain estimated completeness indices of SEER prevalence proportions for all cancer sites combined, stomach, cervix uteri, skin melanomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, lung and bronchus, colon/rectum, female breast, and prostate. For validation purposes, modelled completeness indices were computed for Connecticut and compared with empirical completeness indices (the ratio of Connecticut based prevalence proportion estimates using 1973-1993 data to 1940-1993 data). The SEER-based modelled completeness indices were used to adjust SEER prevalence proportion estimates for white and black patients. RESULTS: Model validation showed that the adjusted SEER cancer prevalence proportions provided reasonably unbiased prevalence proportion estimates in general, although more complex modelling of the completeness indices is necessary for female cancers of the colon, melanoma, breast, cervix, and all cancers combined. The SEER-based cancer prevalence proportions are incomplete for most cancer sites, more so for women, whites, and at older ages. For all cancers combined, prevalence proportions tended to be higher for whites than blacks. For the site-specific cancers this was true for stomach, prostate, cervix uteri, and lung and bronchus (men only). For colon/rectal cancers the prevalence proportions were higher for blacks through ages 59 (men) and 64 (women), and then for the remaining ages they were higher for whites. Prevalence proportions were lowest for stomach cancer and highest for prostate and female breast cancers. Men experienced higher prevalence proportions than women for skin melanomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, lung and bronchus, and colon/rectal cancers. CONCLUSION: The modelling approach applied to SEER data generally provided reasonable estimates of cancer prevalence. These estimates are useful because they are more representative of cancer prevalence than previously obtained and reported in the US.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Methodology for evaluating the incidence of second primary cancers with application to smoking-related cancers from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database is used to estimate the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of second primaries for all pairs of smoking-related cancers and to interpret the results in the context of our knowledge of the known effects of smoking on the incidence of each of the individual cancers. In evaluating the simultaneous incidence of two cancers, one must recognize the inherent duality of the two relevant SIRs linking the two cancers (e.g., A and B), namely, the SIRs of A following B and B following A. Under fairly general assumptions, the two SIRs are seen to be equal, and departures from equality suggest changes in risk status or the introduction of new risk factors after the incidence of the first primary. Based on these observations, a methodological strategy is developed. The data reveal several clear patterns. First, short-term incidence is uniformly much greater than long-term incidence. Second, the SIRs are consistently much higher for women than for men, for every pair of cancers studied. Third, the magnitudes of the SIRs are generally high and often substantially higher than would be expected on the basis of the known risks of smoking. Exceptionally high SIRs are observed between kidney and bladder cancer and between head and neck and esophageal cancer. Various influences may affect these high observed SIRs, including artifactual influences such as diagnostic, surveillance, and misclassification biases, and the effect of different exposure prevalences on subsequent SIRs, which may to some extent explain the strong sex differences. However, these artifacts do not appear to explain the magnitude of the observed SIRs, especially the very strong associations between kidney and bladder cancer and between head and neck and esophageal cancer. It seems likely that other factors play a role, including, possibly, host susceptibility factors or additional common risk factors other than smoking. Although multiple primary cancers are rare, they represent an especially fruitful population for detailed epidemiologic study.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Survival rates and patterns of care for patients diagnosed with supratentorial low-grade gliomas: data from the SEER program, 1973-2001.

BACKGROUND: Detailed population-based estimates of long-term survival as well as patterns of care for patients with low-grade gliomas examined by age at diagnosis, gender, and race have not been widely available. METHODS: Time to death was examined among 2009 individuals diagnosed with a supratentorial low-grade glioma and reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute from 1973-2001 using Kaplan-Meier estimation. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the effect of age at diagnosis, race, gender, histology, anatomic location within the brain, first course of treatment, and year of diagnosis upon this risk. RESULTS: The cumulative 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year survival rates among all individuals initially diagnosed with a supratentorial low-grade glioma were 59.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 57.6-62.2); 42.6% (95% CI, 39.9-45.2); 31.9% (95% CI, 29.0-34.8); and 26.0% (95% CI, 22.7-29.2), respectively. Improved survival was significantly associated with female gender (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95), younger age, white race (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93), histology, and later year of diagnosis. Surgical treatment was associated with increased survival. The use of radiation therapy as a first course of treatment for these lesions has significantly decreased over time with the majority of patients receiving only surgery as a first course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Data for patients diagnosed with low-grade gliomas revealed increasing survival times over the past 25 years with a subset of patients surviving for decades. Differences in survival by race, gender, histology, and first course of treatment were appreciated. These data suggested that the clinical course of low-grade glioma for some patients may be more encouraging than previously perceived and that the identification of this group of patients may allow refinement of current treatment protocols.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma. A population-based study of 15,698 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program 1973-1991.

BACKGROUND: A number of prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma have been identified, including sociodemographic characteristics, such as age and gender, and tumor characteristics, such as histology and stage. The relative importance of these factors as independent predictors of survival for patients with papillary, follicular, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid carcinoma has been extensively studied but remains uncertain. METHODS: The authors used data collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute between 1973 and 1991 to investigate prognostic factors for each of the major histologic types of thyroid carcinoma in a population-based patient series and to assess the effect of these factors as predictors of survival. RESULTS: Both tumor and sociodemographic characteristics were independently associated with survival. Patients with papillary carcinoma had the highest 10-year relative survival (0.98), followed by those with follicular carcinoma (0.92) and medullary carcinoma (0.80). Anaplastic tumors had the lowest 10-year relative survival (0.13). Stage at diagnosis and differentiation status were strong independent prognostic factors for each histologic type. Advanced stage at diagnosis was a stronger prognostic factor for medullary carcinoma than for other histologic types. Increasing age was associated with lower relative survival for each histologic type. Gender, marital status, and ethnicity were significant, but weaker, predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Survival varied markedly among patients with different histologic types of thyroid carcinoma. Stage at diagnosis and tumor differentiation were important prognostic factors for each histologic type. Age at diagnosis was a stronger predictor of survival for patients with follicular and medullary carcinoma than for patients with papillary carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2005

Distinct breast cancer incidence and prognostic patterns in the NCI's SEER program: suggesting a possible link between etiology and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and chronic disease with relapses and death occurring 25 years or more after primary diagnosis. Standard tumor characteristics are used to predict initial relapse or death, but their ability to estimate long-term patterns of failure may be limited. METHODS: To further evaluate the significance of standard tumor features, we compared incidence and prognostic patterns in the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) large-scale population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program for high-risk versus low-risk breast cancers, i.e., size > 2.0 versus < or = 2.0 cm, lymph node positive versus negative, high versus low histologic grade, and hormone receptor negative versus positive expression, respectively. Data were stratified by age 50 years to approximate menopause. RESULTS: High-risk versus low-risk breast cancers demonstrated two very different incidence and prognostic patterns. Age-specific incidence rates among women with high-risk tumors increased until age 50 years then flattened, whereas rates among women with low-risk tumors increased continuously with aging. Hazard rates for breast cancer death spiked sharply two years following primary breast cancer diagnosis among women with high-risk but not with low-risk tumors. Paradoxically, hazard function crossed over 6-8 years following breast cancer diagnosis, with hazard rates lower for high-risk than for low-risk breast cancers. CONCLUSION: Distinct incidence and prognostic patterns among high-risk and low-risk breast cancers suggest a possible link between breast cancer etiology and outcome. These epidemiologic results appear to complement emerging molecular genetic techniques, showing distinct genotypes for high-risk and low-risk breast cancer phenotypes.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Incidence patterns of invasive and borderline ovarian tumors among white women and black women in the United States. Results from the SEER Program, 1978-1998.

BACKGROUND: Malignant tumors of the ovary are the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the United States. Population-based incidence data for these neoplasms by histopathologic type and race are limited. Variation in rates may provide clues for future etiologic studies. METHODS: The authors performed a detailed, population-based analysis of U.S. incidence rates by histologic type, race, and age for invasive ovarian tumors that were diagnosed during 1978-1998 and for borderline ovarian tumors that were diagnosed during 1992-1998 using data from the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. RESULTS: White women had significantly higher rates compared with black women of all types of epithelial tumors, with the white:black rate ratios ranging from 1.23 to 2.56. Black women had higher rates of gonadal stromal tumors. Among both white women and black women, total carcinoma rates did not change greatly from 1978-1982 to 1995-1998. Among white women, the reported incidence rates for invasive serous, endometrioid, and clear cell tumors increased during 1978-1998, whereas the rates of mucinous; papillary, not otherwise specified (NOS); and other epithelial tumors declined. Among black women, the reported rates of papillary, NOS tumors decreased significantly, whereas the rates of other tumor types fluctuated. Incidence rates of borderline ovarian tumors were higher among white women compared with black women and did not change significantly during 1992-1998. Serous and mucinous tumors were the predominant tumors reported for women age < 45 years, whereas serous; papillary, NOS; and other epithelial tumors predominated among older women. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence rates for malignant ovarian tumors have remained relatively stable, with higher rates for white women compared with black women. The reported rates for some specific histopathologic tumor types have changed over time, in part reflecting more specific pathologic classification. The possible effect of shifting exposure prevalence on incidence patterns warrants further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Diet and cancer. Evidence from associations of multiple primary cancers in the SEER program.

The occurrence of multiple primary cancers may reflect common etiologic factors. We investigated the extent to which the diet and cancer hypothesis was supported by data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program on multiple primary associations. Cancers of the colon/rectum and prostate in men, and those of the breast, colon/rectum, and uterine corpus in women, were hypothesized a priori to be diet-related cancers. Of the eight multiple primary associations among diet-related cancers that were possible in men and women, relative risks (RR) of a second diet-related primary cancer developing after a first diet-related primary ranged from 1.06 to 1.43. The lower bound of the 99% confidence intervals (CI) for five of these associations exceeded 1.00, and fell between 0.95 and 0.99 for the other three associations. The observed multiple primary associations were compatible with the existence of common etiologic dietary elements. However, hormonal, immunologic, and medical care factors shared by these malignancies must be considered as alternative explanations for these findings.

Diet↗
PubMed1985

Inflammatory breast cancer: the experience of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program.

The current status of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) among U.S. females was reviewed with the use of data abstracted from medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 1975 and 1981 in nine geographic areas covered by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Patients were selected on the basis of reported clinical and pathologic features of IBC and were divided into 3 groups: I) both clinical and pathologic features of IBC; II) clinical features without pathologic confirmation; and III) pathologic evidence only. The age distribution of pathologically defined IBC, in general, showed younger ages than those for other breast cancers in both the white and black populations. Further analysis was restricted to white females due to the relatively small numbers of black and other nonwhite patients with IBC. The disease presentations of both clinically and pathologically defined IBC were similar with regard to the likelihood of the presence of metastases at initial staging. Survival was evaluated by comparison of patients with nonmetastatic (MO) disease. Three years after diagnosis, the relative survival rates among patients in groups I, II, and III were observed to be 34, 60, and 52%, respectively. Survival of patients with all other types of breast cancer was 90% at 3 years. The management of IBC appeared to differ from the treatment of other forms of breast cancer; chemotherapy was given more frequently as the first course of cancer-directed therapy in white SEER females with evidence of MO IBC compared with the group with MO non-IBC. When all possible combinations of initial therapy were considered, the treatment for IBC was more variable than the treatment for non-IBC.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Survival analysis of distant prostate cancer by decade (1973-1997) in the Detroit Metropolitan Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program registry: has outcome improved? (United States).

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine differences in survival after diagnosis with distant stage prostate cancer by decade of diagnosis. METHODS: Subjects are 3337 Caucasian and 1947 African-American men with newly diagnosed primary distant stage prostate cancer between 1973 and 1997, with follow-up through 2001, from the Detroit SEER registry. The proportion of men within each category of each variable of interest is calculated. Relative survival is used to examine survival patterns over time. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models are also used to examine the relationship between decade of diagnosis and survival between short term (< or = 24 months) and long term (> 24 months) survivors. RESULTS: Relative survival has increased over the past three decades although this trend is not statistically significant. Relative survival is similar by race and decreases with increasing grade of tumor. Survival for men living < or = 24 months after diagnosis is similar over time. However, for men living > 24 months after diagnosis, there is a significant difference over time (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION(S): In general, relative survival has been improving over the past three decades. However, it is the long term survivors (> 24 months) that are the primary contributors to this difference in survival by decade of diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Completeness of hospital cancer case reporting from the SEER Program of the National Cancer Institute.

BACKGROUND: To ascertain the quality of data entering a population-based reporting system, an essential requirement is to study levels of completeness of case-ascertainment and reporting. This study represents an effort to quantify completeness of case reporting in the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program of the National Cancer Institute. METHODS: Hospitals in each of the participating SEER areas were stratified according to their annual hospital cancer caseload for the year 1987. Within each caseload stratum, a random sample of hospitals was selected for inclusion in this study. Files in the medical record, pathology, and radiation oncology departments in each hospital were reviewed for SEER reportable cases. These cases were then matched against SEER case listings to identify unreported cases. RESULTS: The crude estimated completeness of reporting for 1987 in the six participating SEER areas was 97.7% and the registry-caseload standardized rate was 96.8%. Variation was noted by SEER registry, hospital cancer caseload, and casefinding source (hospital department). Three-quarters of unreported cases were of invasive disease and one-fourth were in situ, primarily of the cervix uteri. CONCLUSIONS: There is variation in completeness of casefinding among SEER registries, hospital size, and hospital department source. Additional factors that appear to be related to case ascertainment are cancer site or type and who performs the casefinding function (hospital registry or central registry staff).

Female↗
PubMed2006

Incidence of testicular germ cell cancers in U.S. children: SEER program experience 1973 to 2000.

OBJECTIVES: The incidence of testicular cancer in white adults in the United States increased during most of the last half of the 20th century, but information on trends in the occurrence of prepubertal testicular cancer is lacking. We analyzed a population-based cohort to determine whether the incidence trends of prepubertal testicular germ cell tumors have risen similarly to those seen in adult testicular tumors. METHODS: We identified cases of histologically confirmed germ cell testicular cancer in boys aged 0 to 14 years, of all races, from 1973 to 2000, through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the National Cancer Institute. The variables analyzed included age, race, tumor histologic type, and year of diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 131 cases of testicular germ cell cancer were diagnosed among boys of all races, with an overall incidence of 1.6 cases per 1 million person-years. Yolk sac tumor was the most common, followed by teratoma. Choriocarcinoma and seminoma were equally rare. Tumors were most common among whites during early infancy. No secular trends in incidence rates were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Prepubertal testicular cancer is rare. All tumors were more common in whites. In contrast to adult testicular cancer, no clear trend over time was found for prepubertal tumors. Whatever the reasons for the increased incidence of testicular cancer over time in men, they do not seem to bear on the risk of testicular cancer in boys.

Adolescent↗