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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effect of stannous and sodium fluoride on coronal caries, root caries and bone loss in rice rats.

Sixty rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) were divided by littermate into 3 groups of 20 each. The 3 groups received either SnF2 (1000 parts/10(6) F), NaF (1000 parts/10(6] or double-distilled water (control). Test solutions were topically applied to molar teeth, twice daily, for 7 days. All rats were also provided with double-distilled drinking water and diet 2000 ad libitum. Experiments ended after 9 weeks. Alveolar bone loss, root and coronal caries were recorded and scored. SnF2 significantly reduced bone loss (p less than 0.05), but NaF did not. Root caries was significantly different in all 3 groups (p less than 0.05). SnF2 and NaF both reduced coronal caries significantly (p less than 0.05) in comparison to the control. However, the fluoride groups were not significantly different from each other. SnF2 may influence root caries via remineralization and an antimicrobial effect of the stannous ion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Assessing root caries in populations: the evolution of the root caries index.

This paper traces the history of the epidemiologic assessment of root caries over the past 30 years. This history clearly points out that a critical junction has been reached between the state-of-the art for the reporting of root caries and the demand placed on research and service components of the oral health system. If progress is to be made, it is imperative that a uniform reporting method for root caries be adopted. This paper introduces the Root Caries Index (RCI) as an index that should prove to be a feasible and utilitarian method for reporting root caries data in descriptive and analytic epidemiologic studies as well as assessing the results of preventive and treatment agents, clinical trials. The Root Caries Index represents, in the evolution of a root caries measurement method, a refinement of the delineation of the true intraoral "population at risk" to the disease process. The resulting index is a true attack rate for supragingival root caries lesions. This development should permit more meaningful comparison of populations, clearer interpretations regarding risk factors, and more precise assessment of preventive and treatment agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructural study on human root caries.

Superficial root caries lesions of incisors and premolars of 24 patients aged 52-60 years were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In the predominantly gram-positive bacteria of the root dental plaque, a great number of corncob configurations were observed. Bacterial infiltration into cementum occurred without any gradient of demineralization and mainly followed the borders between calcified cementum bundles as well as incremental lines. The narrow channels which were filled initially by a single row of gram-positive bacteria broadened progressively with simultaneous destruction of the apatite minerals and the collagenous matrix. Root dentin invasion showed great similarities to coronal dentin with an important gradient of demineralization. In the deep layers, sclerosed tubules contained sometimes rhombohedral crystals. In more superficial layers, bacterial invasion occurred initially in still partially sclerosed tubules. Tubular lumens as well as lateral side branches which had lost their peritubular dentin were filled with gram-positive microorganisms. An important diffuse destruction of the apatite minerals was observed at this stage in the intertubular dentin which still presented typical cross-banded collagen fibrils. The confluence of enlarged dentinal tubules filled by numerous microorganisms led to large bacterial zones with complete destruction of root dentin.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between root caries and coronal decay.

The relationship between caries on root surfaces and untreated coronal lesions was analyzed. A representative sample of 5028 persons was examined, their mean ages being 47.3 years for men and 47.7 for women. Poor dental health on root surfaces was associated with poor dental health in the coronal areas of the teeth. Subjects with root caries had fewer teeth and fewer fillings, more retained roots and more teeth with untreated coronal decay than did people with no root caries. Compared with the subjects without untreated coronal decay, those with from one to three decayed coronal surfaces showed an odds ratio of 4.5 of having caries on root surfaces. This ratio was 10.1 for the subjects who had more than three decayed coronal surfaces. It was concluded that factors related to the occurrence of decay are of a similar type whether caries is situated on root surfaces or in the coronal areas of the teeth, and therefore the prevention of caries in both sites may be accomplished by similar means.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Dental caries in the elderly. 2. Root caries. Symptoms and treatment guidelines].

Guidelines for treatment of root surface caries in the elderly are presented. Caries susceptibility of these surfaces may be reduced by the absorbtion of fluoride and other minerals from the oral fluids. Early signs of root caries are a matte appearance and a softening of the root surface. Discoloration and cavity formation appear later. Insufficient filling margins on the root and the cemento-enamel junction are typical sites for root caries development. Early diagnosis through thorough clinical examination is important, since preventive treatment of primary root caries lesions has a better long term prognosis than restorative treatment. Glass-ionomers are a natural choice for the restoration of root caries lesions. Fluorides are efficient for root caries prevention in the elderly dental patient. An annual caries increment exceeding 2 lesions is considered indicative of a reinforced prophylactic program; when exceeding 5 lesions, the patient should be examined after a few months, to ascertain stop in caries progression.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Root caries.

Increasing interest in root caries has resulted in several reports during the year. Problems with diagnosis, epidemiology, structural histopathology, and treatments have clarified some problems concerning root caries. Only active lesions should be registered, but it is important to search for lesions in the periodontal pocket. In several countries, root caries have been found in 30% to 50% of elderly people. In structural investigations, remineralization may occur as irregular precipitation of crystals clearly distinguishable from those of normal sound dentin. Presence of plaque with gram-positive bacteria is closely associated with root caries. Treatment with varnish containing chlorhexidine and thymol may have a reducing effect. Little has been written about the operative treatment of root caries.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1990

Root caries in older people attending a general dental practice in East Sussex.

With increasing numbers of older people retaining their natural dentitions, dentists are becoming increasingly aware of the problem of dental caries occurring on exposed root surfaces--root caries. This study reports the prevalence of root caries in a selected older population, living in the community and attending a general dental practice in Bexhill, East Sussex. A total of 146 non-institutionalised people, aged at least 55 years with at least 12 teeth, were examined. Most of the subjects (88.4%) had evidence of root caries, males and denture wearers having more lesions than females and non-denture wearers, respectively. Active coronal caries was present in only 11.6% of the subjects, whereas active (soft or leathery) root caries lesions were present in 31.5% of the subjects. The teeth and surfaces most commonly affected by root caries were found to be similar to those seen in previous epidemiological surveys. The majority of active root caries lesions were within 1 mm of the gingival margin, while inactive lesions tended to be greater than or equal to 1 mm from the gingival margin. Colour of root caries lesions was not diagnostic of caries activity. A more detailed method of recording root caries lesions is also described.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Restorative treatment for geriatric root caries.

The restorative management of root caries poses many challenges to the clinician. The clinical features of root caries and current restorative techniques using new adhesive materials are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Is there a connection between coronal and root caries involvement?].

The relationship between coronal and root caries was analyzed in a sample of 963 people aged 25 to 64 years. Subjects with root caries had fewer teeth, more teeth with untreated coronal caries, and more teeth which need conservative treatments and extractions than did people with no root caries. In the age older than 55 years those with root caries had more teeth in the average of 2.5 teeth for both sexes. The other parameters of dental health showed the same differences compared with younger subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical signs of root caries: measurement issues from an epidemiologic perspective.

The measurement of root caries using a relatively precise, utilitarian, and universally-acceptable methodology based upon clinical signs is a critical and necessary step in the progression of the epidemiologic study of this oral disease. While a clinician directly involved in the care of a patient will always incorporate spontaneous judgment-based-upon-experience into the diagnostic process, the clinical investigator must rely upon a much more standardized approach to the diagnosis of root caries. A comprehensive overview of the current epidemiologic research findings and methodologic literature for root caries precedes a series of discussions on methodologic issues that relate to the measurement of root caries in epidemiologic study conditions. Topics discussed include: (1) appropriate categories of lesions for inclusion (active vs. inactive and supragingival vs. subgingival lesions), (2) surface visibility issues (clinical treatment effects and oral debris accumulations), and (3) examination techniques (examination instruments and use of radiographs). The final section of this article proposes seven diagnostic conventions for use by investigators when they are diagnosing root caries in descriptive, analytical, and experimental epidemiologic studies.

DMF Index↗
PubMed1988

Occurrence of root caries in relation to dental health behavior.

We studied the relationship between the occurrence of untreated root caries and a subject's dental health habits, such as the frequency of tooth-brushing, the avoidance of sugar, and regularity of dental visits. A representative sample of 5028 adults was examined. Information on dental health habits was collected by professional interviewers one to six weeks before the clinical examination. A high frequency of tooth-brushing was strongly related to a low occurrence of root caries. The use of sugar in coffee or tea was strongly associated with root caries occurrence among men. The use of sweets was related to root caries occurrence moderately in men but not at all in women. Regular dental check-up behavior was strongly related to an infrequent occurrence of root caries. It was concluded that dental health behavior influences root caries occurrence and that caries on root surfaces is associated with poor dental health habits. Age and gender differences in root caries occurrence, reported earlier, may relate to different dental health behavior of women and men.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Preventive aspects of root caries.

Several factors are responsible for an increasing number of exposed root surfaces, resulting in a higher root caries risk. Assuming that the pathogenesis of root and enamel caries have strong similarities, the same preventive methods could be applied for root caries and for enamel caries. However, due to a higher critical pH for dentine/cement, the prevention for root caries should be more intensive. Several studies indicate that fluoride is the cornerstone of root caries prevention. In addition, antimicrobials, in particular chlorhexidine, can be helpful in inhibiting root caries development. This paper proposes the use of three different risk categories for root caries to help adjust the intensity of preventive measures to the needs of the individual patient.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of root caries in a Japanese adult population aged 20-59 years.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of root caries in an adult population in Japan. A total of 770 company employees aged 20-59 were examined in 1990. The subjects were all dentate and had 27.2 present teeth on the average. The proportion of gingival recession in this population ranged from 20.1% for the 20-29 year old group to 75.2% for the 50-59 year old group, with an average of 44.0%. In the present study, 3.2% of the subjects showed one or more active root caries. The prevalence of active root caries ranged from 0.4% at age 20-29 to 7.1% at age 50-59. The proportion of persons with active root caries and/or root fillings ranged from 1.3% at age 20-29 to 36.3% at age 50-59. The percentage of subjects with active and/or inactive caries and/or root fillings varied from 3.1% at age 20-29 to 43.4% at age 50-59. The prevalence of active root caries in the subjects at risk (with gingival recession) was 7.4% on the average and ranged from 2.2% at age 20-29 to 9.4% at age 50-59. The percentage of persons with active root caries and/or root fillings in the subjects at risk ranged from 6.7% at age 20-29 to 48.2% at age 50-59. The mean number of teeth with active root lesions was 0.09 per person, and the mean number of teeth with root fillings was 1.25 at age 50-59.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Association between root caries occurrence and periodontal state.

To analyze the occurrence of root caries in relation to the periodontal state, we examined clinically a representative sample (n = 4,777) of Finish adults, aged 30 years and older. Our definition of root caries included primary decay on root surfaces, and a subject's periodontal state was described according to the presence or absence of gingival inflammation or periodontal pockets and subgingival calculus and/or overhangings. Subjects with a healthy periodontium seldom (4%) had any caries on root surfaces, whereas 15% had caries in conjunction with gingival inflammation, and 17% in conjunction with deepened pockets. The deeper the pockets, the greater the frequency of root caries for men, but not for women. Subgingival plaque retention showed a strong association with root caries. As the study population represented Finnish adults, the results can be generalized with reasonable confidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Will root caries become a treatment problem of the future?].

Based upon the present prevalence of root caries an attempt is taken to evaluate the future importance of this carious type. A population sample of 2,261 men and women aged 35 to 74 years were examined. The participation rate was 81%. Root caries was recorded when the lesion was obviously soft and located on cementum. The prevalence of root caries increased for both sexes almost consistently with age and ranged between 49 and 73%. In the mean 1.8 to 2.9 teeth were affected. Root caries was found more often among men than women. Over the sixth decades the reduction of the relative frequency of root caries was stated. Up to this age the rates of tooth extraction were higher than the rates of incidence. If it succeeded that in the future aged people will retain more teeth than nowadays a increase of root caries can be expected.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of removable partial denture use to root caries in an older population.

The pattern and severity of root caries in a selected older population, living in the community and attending a general dental practice in Bexhill, East Sussex, England, is reported. A total of 146 patients were examined to determine the relationship among removable partial dentures, their design, and root caries. Of those patients, 57% wore removable dentures and had a higher prevalence of exposed root surfaces and root caries, particularly on abutment teeth. In addition, root caries lesions on abutment surfaces were found to be larger and more active than those on nonabutment surfaces.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Three-year root caries incidence and risk modeling in older adults in North Carolina.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to describe the incidence of root caries and to identify its risk factors in a representative sample of older adults. METHODS: Root caries incidence was estimated and multivariate risk assessment models were developed to identify predictors for root caries in a three-year follow-up study of 234 black and 218 white noninstitutionalized adults aged 65 and older residing in North Carolina. RESULTS: During the observation period, 29 percent of blacks developed root caries, compared to 39 percent of whites (P < .05). The mean net DFS increment per person was 0.55 +/- 0.13 root surfaces for blacks vs 0.80 +/- 0.21 for whites (P > .32). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that blacks wearing a partial denture, having some root fragments, having an average gingival recession > or = 2 mm, and being free of P. intermedia were at greater risk for developing new root caries. The model for whites showed that retired people with their most severe gingival recession > or = 4 mm, an average probing pocket depth > or = 2 mm, and taking antihistamines were more likely to develop new lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that older blacks had less risk of root caries than whites, and in both groups indicators of poor periodontal status increased the risk of root caries.

Aged↗