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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevention through health risk management.

Risk can lead to catastrophe. Risk-management systems are highly effective in preventing the catastrophes of fire, earthquakes, and work-site injuries. No such effective systems are present to prevent health and social problems. A practical, cost-effective system to manage risk in children is being developed by the nonprofit Arizona Health Evaluation and Longevity Planning (HELP) Foundation. Information regarding such risk is collected in the school setting. This voluntary information comes from the administration, the school nurse, physical fitness testing, blood testing by the local hospital, self-esteem instruments, and parent, teacher, and child questionnaires. The HELP Foundation then develops an individual child and class risk profile that is presented to the teacher, school nurse, principal, and parent. Those involved with each child then prioritize, plan, and implement programs and activities to manage the identified risk(s). Risks is tracked throughout the child's school career by periodic reassessment. Evaluation of change in problem outcome will be a natural extension of the process.

Arizona↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk management strategies.

Risk management is defined in the Intravenous Nursing Standards of Practice as a "process that centers on identification, analysis, treatment and evaluation of renal and potential hazards." Just what type of risk do these hazards pose and what types of "real and potential hazards" are there? The first question is the easiest to answer.

Fluid Therapy↗
PubMed1992

The quality assurance-risk management interface.

Involvement with both risk management and quality assurance programs has led many authors to the conclusion that the fundamental differences between these activities are, in fact, very small. "At the point of overlap, it is almost impossible to distinguish the purposes and methods of both functions from one another." "Good risk management includes real improvement in patient care through organized quality assurance activities." The interface between a proactive risk management program and a quality assurance program is dynamic and can serve the legitimate interests of both. There is little to be gained by thinking of them as separate entities and much to be gained by sharing the lessons of both. If one thinks of risk management in terms of "risk" to quality patient care, and that "assuring quality" is the most productive type of risk management, then there is no practical reason to separate one from the other.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1990

The emerging role of risk management.

This article discusses the emerging role of risk management for the PACU nurse. The risk management process is described in detail and compared with the nursing process in terms of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Tools that aid in assessment include incident reports, generic screening, patient complaints, and other factors. Specific examples relating to the PACU are used throughout the article. The article further describes skills needed in the field of risk management. Finally, implications for nursing are discussed including involvement in risk management, documentation, continuing education, and the position of risk manager.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

The role of scientific research in risk assessment and risk management decisions.

Risk-based decisions are an integral part of societal efforts to protect the public from the harmful health effects of environmental pollution. Scientific information about the magnitude and extent of risks experienced by people and about the causes of those risks is a critical factor in setting priorities and choosing cost-effective mitigation strategies. To be effective in strengthening risk assessment and risk management decisions, research must focus on developing four types of predictive tools: (1) methods to screen and characterize toxicity; (2) biologically based dose-response models; (3) physiologically based pharmacokinetic models; and (4) integrated human exposure models. This approach is the key to reducing the uncertainties currently associated with many environmental health problems.

Decision Support Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Risk management: a proactive process.

Successful risk management is a proactive process designed to prevent litigation and possible loss of assets. Some examples of standards of care and legal implications for nurses in ambulatory and PACU units are discussed. Suggestions are made regarding specific risk management issues.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

The risk management of infections.

Unfortunately, risk management, that is avoiding lawsuits, is a retro-active pastime instead of being pro-active. What this means is that we often take action only after a problem has manifested itself, rather than identifying potential problems and correcting them. This is, however, only human nature and occurs in most other walks of life. In dental malpractice, what appears to have been happening during the past few years in California is that plaintiff's lawyers have identified a problem and then started to sue dentists for it (and even run courses on how to sue dentists for it!), after which the profession has tried to take steps to identify the cause of the problem, and has then attempted to reduce it or eliminate it altogether. In the past, the dental malpractice companies (the equivalent of the Medical Protection Society and Medical Defense Union) were merely bystanders who paid out on claims and subsequently raised premiums accordingly. Now that most of the malpractice companies in California are actually run by (and often owned by) members of the profession, they are much more interested in getting involved at a very early stage, as soon as a potential problem is identified, in order to take action so that premiums do not rise unnecessarily.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Hospitals find ways to integrate risk-management functions.

Hospitals that have successfully integrated the risk-management function with other hospital departments say that the process requires both education and teamwork. Among the major challenges: overcoming physician reluctance to participate in risk-management activities, and linking risk management to quality assurance.

Credentialing↗
PubMed1979

Risk management and quality assurance: integration for optimal effectiveness.

The following is the second article in a two-part series examining the relationship between quality assurance and risk management functions. In part one, "Risk Management and Medical Malpractice: An Overview of the Issues," published in the April 1979 QRB, Dr. Fifer reviewed the problem of medical malpractice--the primary motivation for the present interest in risk management--and discussed the characteristics of current efforts in risk management, particularly their limitations in light of the facts about malpractice. In part two, Dr. Fifer first reviews the major quality assurance functions of the medical staff. He then focuses on methods for coordinating these quality assurance functions with the risk management function in a way that will utilize the expertise of the medical staff and create a unified, hospital-wide system intended to detect and prevent deviations from expected patient outcomes.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of exposure databases in risk management.

Despite the development of numerous national exposure-related databases, exposure assessment remains a weak link in the chain of risk assessment and risk-management activities. Most databases include measures of environmental releases or concentrations of pollutants in specific media, but do not include actual measures of exposure. If accurate estimates of exposure experienced by populations or individuals are absent, it is impossible to judge the effectiveness of risk-management strategies. The Risk Management Work Group evaluation identified the following needs: refinement of measurements of total exposure experienced by individuals, improved characterization of the distribution of exposures in the population, longitudinal monitoring of exposure trends, and improved information about the public health implications of exposure. Recommendations are presented with the hope that the utility of existing databases will be improved and that future initiatives will be developed that meet the needs of risk management.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1977

Quality patient care through risk management.

These four areas in risk management are most often the cause of failure to eliminate patient risks. If these four major areas were incorporated into the medical student's curriculum or into the continuing educational upgrading of the physician, he would be developing risk control habits as well as knowledge that would allow him to practice quality medicine. He would also be able to enjoy the practice of medicine with less concern for malpractice reprisal and peer review. The ability to minimize the risk of medical care to the patient is an important responsibility of every physician. It is essential for the provision of quality medical care and for preventing or reducing an adversary relationship between the patient-public and the physician.

Insurance, Liability↗
PubMed1992

Risk management in the community: lessons for family medicine.

Three polyurethane factories in Israel were examined using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study contrasts the effects of differing factory social and economic organization on occupational health and safety conditions as well as workers' attitudes and awareness. The central focus of the research addresses how each factory and community manages the risks associated with a particular industrial process. Surprisingly, the results show that the worker-owned and -operated plant, where knowledge and control of hazards was broadly shared and awareness high, had the worst safety, health, and hygiene conditions and outcomes. Worker involvement does not ensure worker protection and safety. These findings can be explained only by a careful examination of the social, economic, cultural and environmental settings in which they are embedded. Such an approach is well suited to family medicine research and training since it emphasizes the role of context on illness and disease.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1992

Risk management and medical malpractice.

Medical malpractice claims are common and may be emotionally difficult for physicians. Most malpractice suits claim negligence. The most frequent types of claims include failure or delay in diagnosis, negligent treatment with drugs, failure to obtain consultation, failure to obtain informed consent, and negligent management of procedures. The most important risk-management strategy is the provision of good medical care. If a claim is filed, physicians should cooperate fully with the malpractice insurance carrier and refrain from discussing the case with colleagues.

Insurance, Liability↗
PubMed1978

Interdisciplinary task force designs risk management program.

When a hospital decided to self-insure, it also realized that it needed a more comprehensive risk management program to protect its operating assets. To develop this program, an interdisciplinary task force and its five subcommittees involved as many staff members as possible in studying and proposing risk management efforts related to policies and procedures, hiring practices, staffpatient interactions, staff and community education, and claims review.

Hospital Administration↗
PubMed1978

Hospital system works to ensure risk management, quality of care.

A health care corporation that includes several hospitals and other related health services conducts a wide variety of institutional and corporate activities and programs of risk management and quality assurance. Some of these efforts include board review of medical staff organization and privileges, medical and nursing audits, patient care evaluation, a risk manager and steering committee, patient education, equipment maintenance, and safety programs.

Arizona↗
PubMed1992

Integrated risk assessment or integrated risk management?

Problems of hazard assessment and risk assessment are at the present time the subjects of considerable discussion in the context of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) chemical management programs, within the European Community (EEC) and at national levels. A previous article (J. W. Hart and N. J. Jensen, 1990, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 11, 123-131) discussed the inherent limitations of the hazard assessment of chemicals. The elements of hazard and risk assessment have been described by Bro-Rasmussen (In Risk Assessment of Chemicals in the Environment, M. L. Richardson, Ed., Chap. 24, pp. 437-450, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1988). This article is an attempt to illustrate the different elements in hazard and risk assessments in specific risk management areas and to indicate the limitations in these processes. This analysis indicates that there are different requirements for a risk assessment, which depend on its specific purpose. In particular, problems related to the integration of different approaches--and the stage at which integration is possible--are discussed. While the principle subject of the discussion is risk assessment, many of the elements concerned are also a part of priority setting, and this subject is also discussed briefly.

Accidents, Occupational↗