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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. A review of recent controlled trials of antiresorptive agents.

The evidence from randomised, controlled trials of the ability of antiresorptive treatments to reduce the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is reviewed and summarised. The aminobisphosphonates, alendronic acid and risedronic acid, and the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene have all been shown to reduce the incidence of radiographic vertebral fractures. Only alendronic acid and risedronic acid have been shown to reduce the incidence of non-spine fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. There is evidence of antifracture efficacy for calcium plus vitamin D, primarily in a nursing home setting or in people with low intakes of these nutrients. Furthermore, since both the placebo and active treatment groups received calcium and vitamin D in most controlled trials of antiresorptive agents, it appears that the other agents provide benefits beyond those of calcium and vitamin D alone. There is insufficient published evidence from randomised controlled trials to convincingly support the antifracture efficacy of other agents, including calcitonin, estrogen and etidronic acid, at this time. Data from observational studies suggest, however, that estrogen and etidronic acid may have antifracture efficacy in this population.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed2002

The underuse of therapy in the secondary prevention of hip fractures.

There is strong evidence to indicate that individuals who sustain a hip fracture are at a greater risk of developing another. The management of such patients should include efforts to prevent future fractures, including prescribing medications that have been shown to lower hip fracture risk. Such therapies that are currently available include calcium and vitamin D supplementation, alendronic acid and risedronic acid. In addition, there is epidemiological evidence to indicate that estrogen may also decrease the risk of hip fracture. Parathyroid hormone is another agent that has shown promise in this regard and is likely to be available for clinical use in the near future. However, the rates of utilisation of these therapies among patients with hip fractures are low. It is important to emphasise that secondary prevention of hip fractures should be an integral part of the management of individuals who sustain hip fractures.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2001

Ocular adverse effects of alendronic acid.

(1) The ocular adverse effects of pamidronic acid are rare but well documented. The main risk is anterior uveitis. (2) Similar disorders have been linked to alendronic acid and risedronic acid. The ocular manifestations occur rapidly after treatment introduction and resolve on treatment cessation. (3) The other diphosphonates seem to be exempt from this ocular risk.

Alendronate↗
PubMed2001

Risedronate: a clinical review.

BACKGROUND: Risedronate sodium has recently been approved for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal and corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: Studies of risedronate were obtained from the MEDLINE database (1966 to the present) of references using risedronate, risedronic acid, osteoporosis, and human subject as keywords. Additional references were sought from the reference lists of the articles obtained. RESULTS: Nine randomized controlled trials and 7 other clinical trials were obtained. In postmenopausal women with normal bone density, risedronate increases lumbar spine bone density and preserves femoral neck density. In postmenopausal women with prior vertebral fracture, risedronate decreases new vertebral and nonvertebral fracture incidence. In patients who experienced breast cancer and who have chemotherapy-induced menopause, risedronate preserves bone. Risedronate prevents vertebral bone loss in patients beginning long-term corticosteroid therapy. Risedronate decreases pagetic bone pain and induces radiological improvement in pagetic lesions. Risedronate induces normalization of biochemical abnormalities and may be more effective than etidronate disodium for Paget disease. Only one study, a trial in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis using a low dose (2.5 mg) of risedronate, did not have a positive result. Adverse effects in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, breast cancer, and Paget disease and in those taking corticosteroids are similar to those of patients taking placebo, and do not include notable upper gastrointestinal tract adverse event rates or serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Risedronate prevents postmenopausal bone loss, decreases fracture in those with established postmenopausal osteoporosis, effectively treats Paget disease, and prevents corticosteroid-induced bone loss. Long-term toxic effects and efficacy, particularly fracture end point data, are unknown. Also undefined are optimal duration of therapy, potential for use in combination with other agents, and direct comparison with other bisphosphonates used for osteoporosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Esophageal irritation due to alendronate sodium tablets: possible mechanisms.

Animal studies were done using an in vivo dog model to examine the possible mechanism for the esophageal adverse events reported with alendronate sodium tablets. These studies showed that under low pH conditions alendronate sodium can cause esophageal irritation. No esophageal irritation occurred at pH 3.5 or higher where the drug exists primarily as the sodium salt. The animal studies also showed that alendronate sodium can exacerbate preexisting esophageal damage. Exposure of the esophageal mucosa for a prolonged period to alendronate sodium tablet can also cause mild esophageal irritation. These findings suggest that the esophageal irritation in patients taking Fosamax can be from prolonged contact with the tablet, reflux of acidic gastric contents with alendronate sodium, and exacerbation of preexisting esophageal damage. The findings also suggest that other bisphosphonates can cause esophageal injury under similar conditions.

Alendronate↗
PubMed2001

Osteoporosis in children and adolescent girls: case report of idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis and review of the literature.

UNLABELLED: The diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis is an important aspect of gynecologic training and practice. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO) is a rare disease of children and adolescents that resolves after the onset of puberty. A case report is presented and current methods of diagnosis and treatment of IJO are discussed as well as the differential diagnosis. A MEDLINE search was performed of the following terms: idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis, pediatric osteoporosis, adolescent osteoporosis, bisphosphonates pediatric adolescent, and pregnancy osteoporosis, and references from bibliographies of selected papers were used as well. All papers in English, French, and German are considered in this review. There were 114 papers selected as relevant to the topic. Data relevant to the diagnosis, pathogenesis, methods of imaging, laboratory evaluation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of IJO are presented. IJO is a diagnosis of exclusion in the pediatric and adolescent patient with osteoporosis. Although bone density gradually improves after the onset of puberty, treatment of currently affected children and adolescents involves activity restriction, calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonate therapy. Future reproductive concerns are discussed and areas requiring additional study are reviewed. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to describe the condition idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis, compare the clinical features of this condition to other similar conditions, outline the diagnostic workup of a child with this condition, and list the potential therapeutic options for a patient with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Bisphosphonates.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Alendronate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteoporosis in men.

The subject of osteoporosis in men is gaining international attention because it has become a significant public health issue. Women have been the focus of osteoporosis research for decades, and the majority of published data related only to women until recently. There is now significant research available supporting the importance of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in men. This article addresses the spectrum of assessment, prevention, and treatment of this problem.

Adult↗