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Results for “Rhythm Method, Calendar”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Natural family planning.

Natural family planning includes the calendar (rhythm), basal body temperature, ovulation (mucus), and sympto-thermal methods. Reliability of such methods often is underestimated, but effectiveness of various methods has been reported. Correct understanding and use of proper techniques, primarily abstinence during fertile periods, is imperative for effectiveness. New methods being studied may heighten awareness of fertile times and shorten required periods of abstinence or use of back-up methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An evaluation of the Bioself 110 electronic fertility indicator as a contraceptive aid.

The Bioself 110 is a hand-held electronic device that combines the BBT and calendar methods of fertility regulation for planning or preventing pregnancy. A pilot study was undertaken in three centers in the United Kingdom to evaluate the Bioself 110 as a contraceptive aid. This paper deals with 1238 cycles from 131 women. Only one unplanned pregnancy occurred where a volunteer correctly used the Bioself 110 and had intercourse on a supposedly "safe" day. A second pregnancy was experienced by a volunteer who incorrectly used the device and had intercourse on what she though was a "safe" day. Another 11 unplanned pregnancies occurred due to barrier method failures, as well as 11 pregnancies where the volunteers knowingly had unprotected intercourse during the fertile phase. There were five planned pregnancies. The Bioself 110 was correctly used in 71% of the cycles studied. Eighty-four percent of the volunteers indicated that they were satisfied with the Bioself 110 after six to twelve cycles of use. It was concluded that the Bioself 110 can serve as an effective family planning aid and should be added to the menu of contraceptive methods available to women today.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Use-effectiveness and client satisfaction in six centers teaching the Billings Ovulation Method.

Use-effectiveness of the Billings Ovulation Method (OM) is reported for 1139 clients from six centers who were followed for at least 24 months. Method failure rates were 1% when calculated by either Pearl formula or life table analysis. Combined method and user failure rates were 20% when calculated with the Pearl formula, and 16% at 12 months and 23% at 24 months by life table analysis. Pregnancy rates were higher for couples using OM alone, than for couples using OM in combination with additional fertility awareness methods or together with barrier methods. The difference was significant when estimated by the Pearl formula but not when analyzed by the life table. The emotional implications underlying the apparent contradiction between a desire to avoid pregnancy and the deliberate coital use of fertile days are reflected in the differences between method and user failure rates, the high client satisfaction levels reported with "user failure," and 56% continuation rate at 24 months. The will require in-depth exploration.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1979

Use of contraceptives prior to and after conception and exposure to other fetal hazards.

In a large prospective study, set up to determine whether reproductive outcomes are affected by prior contraceptive use, 34,344 women were recruited at their first antenatal visit and followed until pregnancy termination. This paper summarizes the study methods and describes the demographic differences between subjects who used various contraceptives shortly before conception, and those who experienced contraceptive failures. Thirty percent of the women had used oral contraceptives (OCs) during the 5 months prior to conception and 2.4% had continued using them after their LMP. IUDs had been used by 5.8% of women before conception and 1.1% after. If these rates are also true for the whole population of the U.S., they indicate that approximately 70,000 babies are born each year following pill-failures and 30,000 following failures of IUD's. Exposure to other fetal hazards was common, with 48% of pregnant women drinking alcohol, 28% smoking, and 15% receiving diagnostic X-rays. OC use was more common among smokers and drinkers, and OC failures were significantly associated with the use of anti-epileptics, aspirin, and with exposure to radiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Education, fertility and contraception among Hindus and Roman Catholics in Goa.

Differences in age at marriage, fertility and contraceptive use are related to religious background, individual educational level and community level education. In general, the effects of community education are weak compared to individual level of education, but differences exist between Hindus and Roman Catholics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pattern of menstrual cycle length in south Indian women: a prospective study.

Data on 8,308 menstrual cycles from 1,740 South Indian women prospectively recorded were analyzed to identify the effect of age on menstrual cycle length. The distribution was skewed to the right with the mean (SD) cycle length of 31.8 (6.7) days. The range of 25-40 days constituted 10-82 per cent of menstrual cycle lengths. In no age group did 28-day cycles occur in more than 9 per cent of women. Variability as measured by the standard deviation was high among those below 19 years of age, stabilized during 25-39 years, and then increased in women aged 40 years or more. The findings are discussed in the light of other studies and possible implications in fertility control programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Type and time of insemination within the menstrual cycle and the human sex ratio at birth.

Data that strongly suggest that the timing of insemination affects the human sex ratio at birth are presented. Two studies conducted by the author, including a total of 1,318 pregnancies, in which timing of insemination was related to the shift in basal body temperature are discussed, and previous literature is reviewed. The differential effect of type of insemination-natural versus artificial-is noted. The further question why timing and type of insemination affects the human sex ratio is also explored.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral contraceptive pill use after an initial visit to a family planning clinic.

A retrospective study of 1,311 women making initial family planning visits to metropolitan-area health department clinics found that many women switch methods or discontinue use in the first year following the clinic visits. Among a subgroup of women, most of whom selected the pill as their primary method and who used the pill for at least one of the months in the study period, almost half either changed methods or used no method at some point during a follow-up period averaging eight months. This includes 13 percent of women who made two or more changes. In addition, only 42 percent said they took a pill every day, and only half of these said they always took their pill at about the same time every day. Despite such irregularities, pill users were approximately one-third as likely to get pregnant during the study period as women making an initial family planning visit to a health department clinic who did not use the pill at all.

Contraception Behavior↗