Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Rhizophoraceae”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Systematic affinities of Rhizophoraceae and Anisophylleaceae, and intergeneric relationships within Rhizophoraceae, based on chloroplast DNA, nuclear ribosomal DNA, and morphology.

A cladistic analysis of sequences from the chloroplast gene rbcL was used to determine the systematic affinities of Rhizophoraceae and Anisophylleaceae. This analysis rejects close relationships of Rhizophoraceae with Celastraceae or Elaeocarpaceae, suggested previously, and identifies Erythroxylaceae as sister group within the Malpighiales, supported by several morphological and anatomical characters. Our molecular results also indicate that Anisophylleaceae are nested within Cucurbitales. Although this placement is novel, this affinity is also well supported by shared morphological characters. Tribal and generic relationships within Rhizophoraceae are evaluated with a combination of six molecular data sets (rbcL, atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S) and a morphological data set. These relationships are compared with results from previous morphological cladistic analyses. Against the background of the molecular results, we briefly discuss the evolution of morphological characters traditionally used for tribal subdivision as well as characters presumably significant for adaptation to mangrove habitats, namely, aerial stilt roots and vivipary.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genomic relations among two non-mangrove and nine mangrove species of Indian Rhizophoraceae.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to study the genomic relationship among 11 members of Indian Rhizophoraceae represented by nine true mangroves and two non-mangrove species. The AFLP and RAPD bands were scored and analyzed for genetic similarities and cluster analysis was done which separated the 11 species studied into two main groups, the true mangroves and the non-mangroves. The polymorphism observed for these markers showed a high degree of genetic diversity among the constituent taxa of the family. The phylogenetic relationship inferred from molecular marker systems supported the traditional taxonomic classification of the family Rhizophoraceae based on morphological characters at the levels of tribe, phylogeny and delimitation of genera and species, except the intra-generic classification of the genus Bruguiera and the placement of Rhizophora in the family Rhizophoraceae.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Histological analysis in shoot organogenesis from hypocotyl explants of Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae).

In vitro culture of hypocotyl explants from Kandelia candel, a common mangrove species, on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium resulted in shoot formation. Since the hypocotyls showed good potential for in vitro shoot multiplication, the process of bud primordium formation was analyzed from a histological viewpoint. A wound periderm first appeared at the top, exposed cut surface of the explants. The wound-induced meristem continued to divide giving rise to suberized cells oriented towards the cut surface. After formation of the suberized cell layers, the meristem and its inner derivatives differentiated into multilayered, uniformly packed parenchyma cells. Bud primordia differentiated from the dense cytoplasmic cells of the wound-induced meristem just beneath the suberized layer near the severed vascular bundles. Each explant produced several visible shoot buds. Furthermore, histological sections revealed that additional bud primordia were present within the explant just underneath the suberized cells and that these bud primordia appeared to be arrested in their development. The fact that additional bud primordia were present within the explant suggests that further manipulation of the explant is helpful to maximize the potential of this system.

Hypocotyl↗
PubMed2000

The effects of electric impulse on growth of Rhizophora mucronata seedlings (Rhizophorales: Rhizophoraceae).

Exposure of mangrove seedlings to electric current was studied at an intensity of 10, 20 and 30 mA to 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h in different combinations, either to plumule or radicle or both parts of the propagules of Rhizophora mucronata Poir (sample size = 30). The electric current-treated propagules and untreated control were cultured hydroponically in sea water for 75 days, and root and shoot growth parameters measured. The root elongation was significantly influenced by duration of exposure, site of propagule treated and combined effects of current intensity x site of propagule treated. Leaf number and area were significantly influenced by intensity of electric current and duration of exposure; whereas shoot elongation was affected by the duration of exposure. The root number was significantly affected by duration of exposure. In general, the electric impulse improved the growth characteristics of shoot and root.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Floral scent chemistry of mangrove plants.

The flowers of mangrove plants are pollinated by a variety of pollinators including birds, bats, and insects. This study analyzed the floral scent chemistry of mangroves on Iriomote Island (located near Taiwan) including Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. (Rhizophoraceae), Kandelia candel (L.) Druce (Rhizophoraceae), Rhizophora stylosa Griff. (Rhizophoraceae), Sonneratia alba J. Smith (Sonneratiaceae), Nypa fruticans (Thunb.) Wurmb. (Palmae), Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. (Combretaceae), Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae or Verbenaceae), and Pemphis acidula Forst. (Lythraceae). A total of 61 chemicals (fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids, carotenoid derivatives, benzenoids, nitrogen-containing compounds, 13 unknown chemicals) were detected in the floral scents of the various species. The species displayed a distinct chemical profile ranging from only two chemicals in the floral scent of Kandelia candel to more than 25 chemicals in the floral scent of Nypa fruticans. All of the identified chemicals have been found in the floral scents of other angiosperms. The chemical profile of some species can be correlated with their floral morphology and pollinators.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Molecular cloning and functional expression of a multifunctional triterpene synthase cDNA from a mangrove species Kandelia candel (L.) Druce.

Homology based PCRs with degenerate primers designed from the conserved sequences among the known oxidosqualene cylases (OSCs) have resulted in cloning of a triterpene synthase (KcMS) from the young roots of Kandelia candel (L.) Druce (Rhizophoraceae). KcMS consists of a 2286 bp open reading frame, which codes for 761 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 79% homology to a lupeol synthase from Ricinus communis suggesting it to be a lupeol synthase of K. candel. KcMS was expressed in a lanosterol synthase deficient yeast with the expression vector pYES2 under the control of GAL1 promoter. GC-MS analysis showed that the transformant accumulated a mixture of lupeol, beta-amyrin and alpha-amyrin in a 2:1:1 ratio, indicating that KcMS encodes a multifunctional triterpene synthase, although it showed high sequence homology to a R. communis lupeol synthase. This is the first OSC cloning from mangrove tree species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Influence of a salinity gradient on the vessel characters of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although mangroves have been extensively studied, little is known about their ecological wood anatomy. This investigation examined the potential use of vessel density as a proxy for soil water salinity in the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae) from Kenya. METHODS: In a time-standardized approach, 50 wood discs from trees growing in six salinity categories were investigated. Vessel densities, and tangential and radial diameters of rainy and dry season wood of one distinct year, at three positions on the stem discs, were measured. A repeated-measures ANOVA with the prevailing salinity was performed. KEY RESULTS: Vessel density showed a significant increase with salinity, supporting its use as a prospective measure of salinity. Interestingly, the negative salinity response of the radial diameter of vessels was less striking, and tangential diameter was constant under the varying environmental conditions. An effect of age or growth rate or the presence of vessel dimorphism could be excluded as the cause of the absence of any ecological trend. CONCLUSIONS: The clear trend in vessel density with salinity, together with the absence of a growth rate and age effect, validates the potential of vessel density as an environmental proxy. However, it can only be used as a relative measure of salinity given that other environmental variables such as inundation frequency have an additional influence on vessel density. With view to a reliable, absolute proxy, future research should focus on finding wood anatomical features correlated exclusively with soil water salinity or inundation frequency. The plasticity in vessel density with differing salinity suggests a role in the establishment of a safe water transport system. To confirm this hypothesis, the role of inter-vessel pits, their relationship to the rather constant vessel diameter and the underlying physiology and cell biology needs to be examined.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed2005

Sex pheromones of five olethreutine species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) associated with the seedlings and fruits of mangrove plants in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan: identification and field evaluation.

The sex pheromones of three Cryptophlebia, one Centroxena, and one Eucosma species (Lepidoptera: Olethreutinae) inhabiting mangroves in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, were studied with coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection, and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The larvae of each Cryptophlebia species are specifically associated with viviparous seedlings from one of three mangrove Rhizophoraceae plants. Whereas three EAG-active alcohol components, (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol, (E)-8-dodecen1-ol, and dodecan-1-ol, in a ratio of 100:12:4, were identified from the pheromone gland extract of female of C. horii (host: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), two other sibling species produced the corresponding acetates, i.e., (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate, and dodecyl acetate, in a 100:2:3 ratio from Cryptophlebia palustris (host: Rhizophora stylosa in Iriomote-jima Island) and in a 100:7:13 ratio from C. amamiana (host: Kandelia candel in Amami-oshima Island). The double bond positions of the monounsaturated components were confirmed by GC-MS analyses of their adducts with dimethyl disulfide. On the other hand, the larvae of Centroxena sp. feed on fruits of Sonneratia alba, another mangrove plant in the Sonneratiaceae, and the extract of the female pheromone glands contained (8E,10E)-dodecadienyl acetate and dodecyl acetate in a ratio of 100:5. The double bond position of the diunsaturated compound was confirmed by GC-MS analysis of its adduct with 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione. (E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate w sively identified in the pheromone gland extract of Eucosma coniogramma females reared from seedlings of B. gymnorrhiza. Although the roles of minor components have not been revealed by field tests, synthetic lures baited with the main pheromone component of each species successfully attracted the target males, confirming that the sex pheromone is one of the most important factors for their reproductive isolation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Chemotaxonomy and geographical distribution of tropane alkaloids.

This review illustrates the distribution of tropane alkaloids within the families Solanaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Proteaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Convolvulaceae and Cruciferae. Whereas tropane alkaloids are characteristic of the genera Datura, Brugmansia (tree datura) and Duboisia of the Solanaceae, the distribution is more widespread with novel tropane derivatives in families not traditionally associated with these bases. The chemical nature of more recently discovered water-soluble calystegines and the di- and trimeric forms from the Convolvulaceae (e.g. schizanthines from Schizanthus spp.), truxillines from Bolivian coca leaves and moonines of Erythroxylum moonii are highlighted. Where possible and appropriate, links between the phytochemistry and taxonomy are discussed.

Brassicaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of genetic diversity in 31 species of mangroves and their associates through RAPD and AFLP markers.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity in 31 species of mangroves and mangrove associates. Four AFLP primer combinations resulted in the amplification of 840 bands with an average of 210 bands per primer combination and 11 RAPD primers yielded 319 bands with an average of 29 bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphism detected was too high indicating the high degree of genetic variability in mangrove taxa both at inter- and intra-generic levels. In the dendrogram, species belonging to a particular family/ genus, taxa inhabiting similar habitats or having similar adaptations tended to be together. There were exceptions too; as many unrelated species of mangroves form clusters. The intrafamilial classification and inter-relationships of genera in the family Rhizophoraceae could be confirmed by molecular analysis. Both the markers RAPD and AFLP were found equally informative and useful for a better understanding of the genetic variability and genome relationships among mangroves and their associated species.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

In vitro anti human immunodeficiency virus activity of mangrove plants.

Mangrove plant extracts were screened in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on MT-4 cells. HIV infected MT-4 cells were cultured for five days in the presence of the extract, at various concentrations. Anti-HIV activity was evaluated by tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Seven extracts were found effective. Five of the active extracts completely inhibited the virus adsorption to the cells. Most of the active plants are from the family Rhizophoraceae.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2005

Biosorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by waste biomass of aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove).

The processing waste of the aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle was used in both its unmodified or mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) modified form for the sorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution. The biomass rapidly and strongly sorbed Pb2+ at pH 5.0, which indicated chemisorption. A significant increase in Pb2+ sorption resulted from MAA treatment of the biomass, indicating that sorption occurs through an ion-exchange process. From sorption-capacity experiments, the unmodified and modified materials extracted, at pH 5, 31.3 and 85.5 mg of Pb2+ per gram of biomass, respectively, from aqueous solutions. Our studies may contribute to an innovative method for the economical and ecologically save removal and recovery of heavy-atom metal ions from contaminated waters through biosorption.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Reactive radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition of proanthocyanidins from Carallia brachiata.

Antioxidant-guided separation of Carallia brachiata bark led to a new A-type trimeric proanthocyanidin named carallidin (1), along with mahuannin A (2) and p-hydroxy benzoic acid (3). The structure of 1 was fully characterized by interpretation of spectroscopic data and chemical means. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited radical scavenging against DPPH (IC(50) 102 and 182 microm) and superoxide radical (IC(50) 1.47 and 9.74 microm). In addition, 1 and 2 also inhibited xanthine oxidase with IC(50) values of 12.9 and 16.0 microm.

Free Radical Scavengers↗