Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Rh Isoimmunization”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Noninvasive management of Rh partial null (D--) to supplement traditional management of Rh isoimmunization.

BACKGROUND: Rh partial null (D--) is a rare cause of Rh sensitization in an Rh-positive patient. Noninvasive management for this condition using middle cerebral artery Doppler studies was used to reduce invasive testing. CASE: An Rh D+ woman had an antibody titer of 1:512 to Rh-17, the Rh Cc/Ee protein. Rh typing revealed absence of any antigens at the Cc/Ee locus. Her husband was Rh D--, ccee. Middle cerebral artery Doppler studies and serial amniocenteses for Delta OD(450) were performed. When testing suggested severe fetal anemia, two intrauterine transfusions were performed. CONCLUSION: Middle cerebral artery Doppler studies can be used to predict fetal anemia before the first transfusion. However, the cutoff to predict subsequent anemia in Rh D-- after transfusion remains to be defined.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Circulating placental proteins in pregnancies complicated by RH isoimmunization.

Nine pregnant women with Rh isoimmunization who delivered newborns with hydrops fetalis were studied. The placental proteins, pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen, and placental protein 5 (PP5) were measured in maternal serum by radioimmunoassays. The results indicate that both the serum human placental lactogen and PP5 levels were significantly higher than those observed in normal pregnancy. The strikingly higher circulating PP5 levels found in all nine patients with Rh isoimmunization studied suggests that serum PP5 may be specifically elevated in pregnant patients with Rh isoimmunization and hydrops fetalis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Antenatal prophylaxis of Rh isoimmunization: 28-weeks'-gestation service program.

Two (0.18%) of 1086 Rh-negative primigravidas or multigravidas treated similarly in all previous pregnancies, who were given a single injection of Rh immune globulin (300 mug) at 28 weeks' gestation and subsequently were delivered of Rh-positive babies, had demonstrable Rh isoimmunization at the time of that injection and must be considered "logistic" failures of antenatal prophylaxis. The remaining 1084 (who were treated again after delivery) had no evidence of Rh isoimmunization at delivery and none of the 512 screened at 6 months after delivery appeared to be immunized. If the 28th-week injection had not been protective, one would have expected 14 of the 1084 to have been demonstrably Rh isoimmunized and evidence of Rh isoimmunization to have persisted in 6 of the 512 observed 6 months after delivery.Six of 719 Rh-negative multigravidas who had not received Rh immune globulin after previous pregnancies or had been treated only after delivery showed evidence of Rh isoimmunization despite a single injection of Rh immune globulin at 28 weeks in a subsequent pregnancy. In three of the six the cause was most likely "sensibilization" due to previous exposure to Rh-positive blood or an untreated Rh-positive pregnancy. in 3 of the remaining 716 (0.42%) there may have been true failure of antenatal Rh prophylaxis administered at the 28th week. One would have expected this figure to be 12 of 716 if antenatal Rh prophylaxis at 28 weeks' gestation were totally unsuccessful.It is concluded that a single intramuscular injection of Rh immune globulin, 300 mug, is 88% effective in preventing Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy in Rh-negative primigravidas and in multigravidas treated antenatally in all previous pregnancies, and is 75% effective in preventing Rh isoimmunization in Rh-negative multigravidas untreated during previous pregnancies. The majority of failures are due to Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy prior to antenatal prophylaxis at 28 weeks.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1978

Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy: antenatal prophylaxis.

Of 3533 Rh-negative women who began a pregnancy without detectable Rh antibodies, 62 (1.8%) demonstrated evidence of Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy or within 3 days after delivery. All denied transfusions as well as abortions or previous pregnancies not followed by the administration of Rh immune globulin. Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy or within 3 days after delivery, which will not be prevented by the administration of Rh immune globulin after delivery, is the most important cause of residual Rh isoimmunization. A clinical trial of antenatal administration of Rh immune globulin, initially at 34 weeks's and subsequently at 28 and 34 weeks' gestation, in 1357 Rh-negative pregnant women who were delivered of Rh-positive babies, was effective in preventing the development of Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy or within 3 days after delivery. Antenatal prophylaxis with Rh immune globulin will be necessary if the incidence of Rh isoimmunization is to be reduced to its lowest possible level. Antenatal prophylaxis at 28 weeks' gestation is now an insured service in Manitoba.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1981

Plasmapheresis as an adjunct to management of Rh isoimmunization.

Plasmapheresis as therapy for Rh isoimmunization has gained recent attention in Great Britain; however, this technique has not been widely accepted in the United States. At Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, separator was beneficial in the management of a patient with Rh isoimmunization. A decrease in the delta optical density (OD) 450 followed the onset of plasmapheresis by 3 and 4 weeks and a correlation between the plasma anti-D concentration and the severity of the delta OD 450 was demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Rh isoimmunization, Manitoba, 1963-75.

The number of Rh-isoimmunized pregnancies in Manitoba has been reduced from 223 and 228 in the years ending Oct. 31, 1963 and 1964 to 60 and 62 in the years ending Oct. 31, 1974 and 1975. The number per 1000 total births in the same years has decreased from 10.0 and 10.6 to 3.4 and 3.5 Perinatal mortality rates in those years decreased from 13.8 amd 15.7% to 0 and 2.2%, respectively. The number of perinatal deaths has been reduced from 55 in the first 2 years reported to 1 in the last 2 years. Among the 121 isoimmunized women pregnant in the 2-year period ending Oct. 31, 1975, isoimmunization was due to failure to give Rh immune globulin after delivery in 33 and failure to give it during pregnancy in 48. Of the remaining 40, 37 were immunized before Rh immune globulin became available. Complete prevention of Rh isoimmunization and therefore of all perinatal deaths from Rh erythroblastosis can only be achieved through universal Rh testing prenatally and immediately after delivery, and institution of an antenatal Rh prophylaxis program.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed2001

[Pregnancy with Rh-isoimmunization. Results of a retrospective analysis in the maternity hospital "Maichin Dom"].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study is to analyze the outcome of pregnancies complicated by Rh-isoimmunization for the period 1996-2001 and to outline the aspects of optimization of the obstetrical conduct. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The current study includes 39 pregnant women with Rh-isoimmunisation to whom amniocentesis and cordocentesis was performed. All cases were analyzed using medical history, serology (indirect Coombs, PAP test), ultrasound examination, amniocentesis, cordocentesis, NST. RESULTS: From 39 pregnancies, complicated by severe Rh-isoimmunization 36 resulted in a live delivery, 2 resulted in intrauterine death of the fetus and 1 in early neonatal death. The titre of the antibodies is of prognostical value only in the first isoimmunised pregnancy. In this case there is a reliable correlation between the condition of the newborn and the zone from the Liley curve, antenatally found. With history of former immune pregnancies with unfavourable perinatal outcome most precise information about the condition of the foetus gives the cordocentesis. CONCLUSION: In all of the discussed cases the Rh-isoimmunization is a result of no andi-D immunoglobulin profilaxis post partum or following abortion. That is why the efforts should be directed towards conduction of proper profilaxis to all Rh-negative pregnant women.

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine↗
PubMed1999

Ontogeny of the fetal immune system: study on pregnancies with Rh-isoimmunization and nonimmune fetal hydrops.

This study aims at observing and comparing the antigen expression of some fetal T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in Rh-isoimmunization, which determines anemic hypoxia in the fetus, and nonimmune fetal hydrops (NIFH) which, even if there are some etiological factors involved, causes hipoxic hypoxia in the fetus. Twelve fetuses were studied by way of 30 fetal blood samples obtained by ultrasound-guided cordocentesis between the 20th and 36th gestational week. Twenty-four blood samples in all where taken from the eight fetuses with Rh-isoimmunization. Six blood samples were obtained from the four fetuses with NIFH. The lymphocyte phenotypes studied by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry were the following: CD3, CD4, CD8, expression of T-lymphocyte subpopulations; BsIg, CD19, expression of B-lymphocyte subpopulations. We observed a near-normal maturation process in fetuses with Rh isoimmunization, whereas in fetuses with NIFH we observed inhibition and/or delayed expression of T-lymphocytes. An early and increased B-lymphocyte activation marked a cooperation between the two systems in the early gestational periods.

Anemia↗
PubMed1964

EFFECT OF ABO INCOMPATIBILITY ON PREGNANCY-INDUCED RH ISOIMMUNIZATION.

The protective effect of ABO incompatibility between mother and fetus in respect of pregnancy-induced Rh isoimmunization has been recognized for approximately 20 years. Many have tacitly assumed that this protection was absolute and that when an infant was born with Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn, who was also ABO-incompatible with its mother, there must have been a previous ABO-compatible pregnancy in which the mother was initially sensitized. It has also been assumed that pregnancy-induced Rh isoimmunization could not occur if the father was AB and the mother O. Data are presented to show that both of these assumptions are not universally true. In a detailed study of a large number of families with pregnancy-induced Rh iso-immunization, nine families were found in which sensitization occurred and in which ABO incompatibility was present in every pregnancy. In addition, three families are documented in which pregnancy-induced Rh immunization had occurred and in which the father was AB and the mother O.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

Intravascular fetal blood transfusion under ultrasonic guidance in a case of severe Rh isoimmunization.

A severely Rh-affected fetus with an initial hematocrit value of 7% and a hemoglobin value of 2.3 g/dl was transfused three times by the intravascular route into the umbilical cord under ultrasonic guidance. After the second transfusion, fetal movements recurred and the non-stress test became reactive. Neonatal outcome was favorable. The implications of this procedure are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Parameters of fetal maturity in Rh-isoimmunization (author's transl)].

On 79 samples of amniotic fluid coming from 50 cases of Rh-isoimmunization submitted to amniocentesis one or more times, the following tests were done: a) creatinine; b) proteins; c) uric acid; d) urea; e) lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. The results were related to the degree of immunization as determined by spectrophotometric curve of the amniotic fluid. For reasons of comparison, the same tests were performed on samples of amniotic fluid from 79 pregnant non-immunized patients. Determinations of creatinine, uric acid and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio have pointed out a delayed fetal maturity in Rh-isoimmunized pregnant women, more marked in the more severe cases. The proteins level were increased, probably also because of the transfer of IgG antibodies into the amniotic fluid, whereas the estimation of fetal maturity based on urea concentrations is quite unreliable.

Adult↗