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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Correlation between mandibular retrognathia and induction of cleft palate with 6-aminonicotinamide in the rat.

A single injection of the niacin antimetabolite 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) late in gestation produces cleft palate in the rat. In order to achieve an understanding of the mechanism of induction of cleft palate, craniofacial growth and palate development were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats after treatment with 6-AN on day 15 of gestation. The rats were maintained on a high niacin diet (95 ppm) and subjected to three different teratogenic levels of 6-AN. The first group was injected with 8 mg/kg, the second was fasted and injected with 8 mg/kg and the third was treated with 16 mg/kg. The lowest teratogenic dose, 8 mg/kg, produced mild mandibular retrognathia on day 16, delayed shelf elevation a few hours and resulted in small rostral and small caudal clefts of the secondary palate. The moderate dose, 8 mg/kg with fasting, produced more severe mandibular retrognathia, delayed shelf elevation about 24 hours and resulted in 37% full clefts and 63% partial clefts of the palate. The highest teratogenic dose, 16 mg/kg, produced severe mandibular retrognathia, delayed shelf elevation by more than 24 hours and resulted in 100% full clefts of the palate. In each 6-AN group, the most severe mandibular retrognathia was present between days 16 and 17, the critical time for palate closure in the rat. Treatment with 6-AN also produced abnormality of the epithelial cells of the palate, the toothbuds and the nasal septum. Molar and incisor toothbuds were small and malformed, and the epithelial surfaces of the palate and the soft tissue nasal septum did not fuse.

6-Aminonicotinamide↗
PubMed1977

Our experience with sagittal split osteotomy for retrognathia.

Twenty-six cases which had been operated upon for retrognathia are reviewed. Most of these patients were unmarried, young individuals, and the improvement in their self-image and appearance was the major benefit from the surgical procedure: a lesser number felt the improvement in their bite and function was more important. Relapse, weakness of the lower lip, and numbness of the lower lip were the 3 most common complications. They occurred with sufficient frequency to encourage us to find a surgical approach with less morbidity for this problem of skeletal asymmetry. Perhaps a "C" cut (as champion;ed by Hinds), a forward block of the mandible with cartilage (as described by Trauner), or a vertical cut of the ramus with the posterior fragment notched into the anterior fragment (Mehnert), would yield results with fewer undesirable effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Retrognathia and sleep apnea. A life-threatening condition masquerading as narcolepsy.

The association of sleep apnea with daytime hypersomnolence without obesity, and its potentially lethal cardiopulmonary sequelae, make it crucial that this condition be distinguished from narcolepsy. A patient with retrognathia who had been diagnosed as a narcoleptic for 15 years had the primary complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep laboratory evaluation showed severe hypoxemia and a mean of 366 upper airway obstructions per night. The patient was treated with a tracheotomy; this resulted in relief of the sleep-related upper airway obstructions, hypoxemia, and hypersomnolence.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1976

Mandibular retrognathia: a review of the literature and selected cases.

Many techniques have been developed since the first osteotomy for correction of retrognathism was performed in 1905. These techniques have been in two groups--those that are performed in the mandibular body and those that are performed in the mandibular ramus. Ramus procedures are more favored because there is less morbidity in comparison to body procedures. Regardless of the procedure used, an adequate preoperative evaluation based on oral and radiographic examinations, study models, cephalometric analysis, and photographs is mandatory to achieve satisfactory results. A more satisfactory result can almost always be attained if a cooperative effort is made by the oral surgeon and orthodontist in the treatment of retrognathism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Hypersomnia with periodic apnea in a patient with acquired micrognathism].

A case presenting association of sleep apnea with daytime hypersomnolence and retrognathia is described. Sleep laboratory evaluation showed severe discontinuous hypoxemia and a mean of 250 upper airway obstructions. The patient was treated successfully by surgical correction of the retrognathia.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1979

Partial trisomy 4q in two unrelated cases.

Two unrelated cases of 4q trisomy are described with trisomic segment 4q25 leads to 4qter. The most conspicuous symptoms are psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, malformed ears, retrognathia, finger and toe malformations and cryptorchism in a male. Both cases are compared with 19 previously reported ones.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

The Weissenbacter-Zweymuller syndrome. A case report with review of the world literatue.

This report describes a patient with a form of chondrodysplasia characterised by a rhizomelic shorteining of the limbs, metaphyseal widening, vertebral coronal clefts and retrognathia. This syndrome was first described by Weissenbacher and Zweymuller in 1964. All the relevant literature available has been reviewed and it has been concluded there are mild and severe forms of this syndrome.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1976

The retrognathic mandible--surgical correction.

The preceding case reports demonstrate the excellent results available to the patient with a retrognathic mandible. Etiology, adverse effects, and the modalities used in evaluation of the underdeveloped mandible have been discussed. The age at which surgical intervention is undertaken needs additional input by clinicians. Several surgical procedures have been and are employed to advance the mandible. The C osteotomy is recommended since the final result has been excellent and consistent. The surgeon has constant surgical control and vision. The advanced portion of the mandible can be firmly held by intraosseous wires. There is minimak disturbance of muscle position and the inferior alveolar nerve. We have not encountered unusual loss of blood, immediate postoperative problems with the airway, infection, or unfavorable relapse. A postoperative regimen that has been found rewarding is discussed. We have come to the conclusion that most patients can tolerate lengthy surgical procedures with few adverse side effects. Our colleagues in anesthesia and nursing provide superb operative and postoperative care. When the preoperative work-up indicates that more than one procedure is indicated, we recommend that the total surgical treatment plan be carried through at one operation, although occasionally this approach may be contraindicated. We should strive for perfection and can fall short of this goal when a patient will not return for additional surgical procedures which could have been accomplished during the first operation. Although good results have been experienced with both the C osteotomy and the sagittal split osteotomy, we believe that the C osteotomy is a superior procedure. However, this does not imply that the sagittal split osteotomy should not be a part of the armamentarium of the oral surgeon. In conclusion, the C osteotomy, the sagittal split osteotomy, genioplasty, and additional procedures--such as a mandibular alveolar osteotomy to intrude supraerupted teeth--when indicated, can provide very favorable results in cases of retrognathia or micrognathia of the mandible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cross-sectional tomography in evaluation of patients undergoing sagittal split osteotomy.

A study was performed to evaluate the possibility of locating the mandibular canal before sagittal split osteotomy by cross-sectional spiral tomography in 55 patients. Visibility of the whole canal wall circumference was excellent or good in 65.5% fair in 18.2%, and poor in 12.7% of cases. Only four canals (3.6%) were invisible. The canal was located lingually in 61 cases, buccally in 9 cases, and centrally in 34 cases. In patients with mandibular protrusion, the mean (+/- SD) buccolingual width was significantly smaller (9.5 +/- 1.51 mm vs 10.4 +/- 1.46 mm, P < .01) and the mandibular canal was more often buccally located than in patients with retrognathia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Late results after advancing the mandible by sagittal splitting of the rami.

38 patients have been followed up for at least 2 years, and in the mean 5 years after surgical correction of retrognathia. The technique used was the sagittal splitting of the rami (Obwegeser 1955, 1957) usually with the modification of the lateral cortical bone cut of Dal Pont (1959). 26 patients showed no changes compared with the early postoperative result. In 8 other cases, the horizontal overjet increased up to 3 mm without impairment of the aesthetic or functional result. Therefore the operation may be considered successful in 90% of cases. Four severe relapses were noted. They are at least partially caused by poor repositioning of the condyle-bearing segment during operation. Reduced function of different degrees was seen at the late check-up in 20% of the mental nerves. 45% of the patients have cracking in the temporomandibular joint. Causes and possible late consequences are discussed. To conclude, the sagittal splitting of the rami for the forward movement of the mandible as the standard method of our clinic seems justified.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1975

[2 new methods of retention in sagittal osteotomy of the ascending ramus].

The authors present two techniques designed to ensure contact between the two bone cortical plates in sagittal osteotomy of the superior ramus of the mandible used in the correction of prognathia and retrognathia. The first technique requires the use of a special suture guide, designed to aid in steel wire osteosynthesis. The second involves a bolt fixed by a screw, the role of which is to keep the external cortex applied against the medial fragment.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1976

[Influence of the soft palate on tongue statics and mandibular growth. Therapeutic conclusions].

The soft palate has a major influence on mandibulo-lingual statics. Thus in the case of congenital cleft palate, there is in general glossoptosis with mandibular retrognathia. Conversely, palatal shortening may be associated with functional mandibular prognathia which it is possible to correct by urano-staphylo-pharyn-goplasty, if carried out sufficiently early. In many cases of mandibular prognathia the soft palate has a special shape and orientation. The problem is to know whether this appearance is secondary to the dysmorphosis or partially responsible for it.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

[Transposition osteotomy of the upper jaws and immobilization with cranial fixation devices].

Retrognathia in a patient who has undergone surgery for correction of a cleft palate constitutes a specific indication for transposition osteotomy of the upper jaw. A satisfactory operative technique is described in which as much as possible of the posterior part of the hard palate is retained. The operation is followed by immobilization of the upper jaw with a halo. The results of follow-up examination of 9 patients who had been operated on between 1975 and mid-1977 are described in detail. They revealed a pronounced tendency to postoperative recurrence of the deformity and showed the importance of postoperative retention in preventing recurrence. The topics discussed also include the timing of the operation, of the postoperative retention, the fitting of dentures, and of subsequent plastic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

4q- syndrome.

To our knowledge, there have been three prior reports of patients found, with trypsin-Giemsa banding, to be monosomic for the terminal q segment of chromosome 4. Described herein is a fourth patient with this chromosome abnormality. Comparison of these four patients suggests a characteristic phenotype in the 4q- syndrome: cleft palate, satyr deformity of the pinnae, snub nose, retrognathia and micrognathia, hypertelorism, oropharyngeal hypothonia or upper airway obstruction, cardiac defect, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers with absence of a flexion crease, simian lines, displaced or clinodactylous toes, and mental retardation. In the three prior reports, the 4q- syndrome resulted from a de novo deletion. In the present case, the 4q monosomy was inherited from the father, who had a 4;20 translocation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

A rare type of low birthweight dwarfism: the Dubowitz syndrome.

Two patients with the Dubowitz syndrome are presented. This presumably recessive inherited syndrome was first defined by Grosse et al. (1971). So far 11 patients with this syndrome have been described. Major clinical findings are intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, considerable microcephaly, mild mental retardation, hyperactivity, hyperextensibility of joints, eczema and a characteristic appearance of the face due to marked epicanthic folds, blepharophimosis, broadening of the bridge and tip of the nose and retrognathia. Minor anomalies as clinodactylyl of the firth digits, cutaneous syndactyly of toes, foot deformity, sacral dimple and cryptorchidism may be seen. The exclusion of the non genetic fetal alcohol syndrome presents serious diagnostic problems.

Birth Weight↗