Retraction of publication.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Retraction Notice↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Retracted Publication”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Retraction of publications.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Retraction Notice↗
Phenomena of retraction: reasons for retraction and citations to the publications.
CONTEXT: This study examined the impact of retracted articles on biomedical communication. OBJECTIVE: To examine publications identified in the biomedical literature as having been retracted, to ascertain why and by whom the publications were retracted and to what extent citations of later-retracted articles continue to be incorporated in subsequent work. DESIGN: A search of MEDLINE from 1966 through August 1997 for articles that had been retracted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics of retractions and citations to articles after retraction. RESULTS: A total of 235 articles had been retracted. Error was acknowledged in relation to 91 articles; results could not be replicated in 38; misconduct was evident in 86; and no clear reason was given in 20. Of the 235 articles, 190 were retracted by some or all of the authors; 45 were retracted by a person or organization other than the author(s). The 235 retracted articles were cited 2034 times after the retraction notice. Examination of 299 of those citations reveals that in only 19 instances was the retraction noted; the remaining 280 citations treated the retracted article either explicitly (n = 17) or implicitly (n = 263) as though it were valid research. CONCLUSION: Retracted articles continue to be cited as valid work in the biomedical literature after publication of the retraction; these citations signal potential problems for biomedical science.
Periodicals as Topic↗
Adenosine triphosphate treatment for supraventricular tachycardia in infants.
UNLABELLED: Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside acting on coronary perfusion and myocardial conduction. Although the anti-arrhythmic effects of adenosine have been known for decades, interest in the use of adenosine or adenosine triphosphate (ATP- a precursor of adenosine) in termination of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) has been renewed. We studied the use of Striadyne (ATP and a mixture of other nucleosides including adenosine) in 22 infants younger than 6 months in order to evaluate efficacy and safety of the drug in this particular age group. Striadyne stopped SVT in 17 cases and was diagnostic in another 4 cases. Ten out of 17 successfully converted infants showed one or more reinitiations of SVT, which were easily controlled. The results support the efficacy of ATP for the termination of re-entry types of tachycardia, as well as its diagnostic value and its lack of serious side-effects. CONCLUSION: Adenosine or ATP could be the drug of choice for the treatment of junctional tachycardia in infants after vagal manoeuvres have failed. Provided continuous ECG monitoring is performed during injection, adenosine or ATP may be diagnostic in other types of supraventricular tachycardia and even in wide-complex tachycardia. We suggest a bolus injection of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg to be used prior to transport to the paediatric cardiology unit.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Changes in body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity among Kuwaitis 1980-1994.
OBJECTIVE: To compare temporal changes in body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and prevalence of obesity (BMI > 25 and > 30 kg/m2) among adult Kuwaitis between two periods 14 y apart. DESIGN: Comparison of two independent cross-sectional samples of Kuwaitis studied in 1980-1981 and 1993-1994. SUBJECTS: 2067 (896 men and 1171 women) and 3435 (1730 men and 1705 women) adult Kuwaitis (aged > or = 18 y), drawn from primary health care (PHC) clinics and studied for nutritional assessment and for prevalence of obesity in 1980-1981 and 1993-1994, respectively. MEASUREMENTS: BMI, which is the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared (kg/m2), was based on measured weight and height. Obesity was defined as BMI > 25 kg/m2 (grade 1) and BMI > 30 kg/m2) (grade 2). RESULTS: Mean BMI increased significantly (P < 0.001) by 10.0% and 6.2% (2.5 and 1.7 kg/m2) among men and women, respectively. Prevalence of obesity (BMI > 25 and > 30 kg/m2) increased by 20.6% and 15.4% and by 13.7% and 8.4% among men and women, respectively. After controlling for sociodemographic differences between the two study periods, BMI was 2.0 and 1.6 kg/m2 higher in 1993-1994 than in 1980-1981 among men and women respectively. The risk of obesity (BMI > 25 and > 30 kg/m2) also increased among both genders between the two periods (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.7 and OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, for men and OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.0 and OR = 1.4, 95% CI 2.2 CI-1.0-1.9, for women). CONCLUSION: BMI and prevalence of obesity increased among Kuwaitis between 1980-1981 and 1993 and 1994 probably due to the effects of modernization, affluence, increased food consumption and the concomitant changes to sedentary lifestyles. The rate of temporal changes in BMI and obesity were higher, by comparison, in Kuwait than in selected other countries.
Adolescent↗
Quality of life of elderly people after surgery for benign oesophageal stricture.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Recurrent chiasmatic-hypothalamic glioma treated with oral etoposide.
PURPOSE: Chiasmatic-hypothalamic gliomas are not amenable to surgical resection and therefore are treated with either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Here we report the use of etoposide (VP-16) administered on a chronic oral schedule as a novel chemotherapeutic approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients, aged 2 to 15 years, were treated with VP-16 after clinical and neuroradiographic tumor progression. Thirteen patients had received prior radiotherapy, and 12 received prior nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. VP-16 was administered orally, each cycle consisting of 50 mg/m2/d on day 1 through 21 and 36 through 57. Clinical and neuroradiographic evaluations were performed during days 58 through 72 before initiation of each cycle of therapy. Complete blood counts were performed weekly. RESULTS: Treatment-related complications included the following: partial alopecia (seven patients); diarrhea (six); weight loss (five); neutropenia (four); and thrombocytopenia (four). Three patients required transfusion (three RBC; two platelet), and one patient required antibiotic treatment of neutropenic fever. There were no treatment-related deaths. Fourteen patients were assessable, five of whom demonstrated a radiographic response (one complete and four partial); and three patients demonstrated stable disease, with a median duration of response of 8 months. CONCLUSION: Chronic oral VP-16 is well tolerated, produces modest toxicity, and has apparent activity in this small cohort of patients with recurrent chiasmatic-hypothalamic gliomas.
Administration, Oral↗
Evaluation of ELISA for detection of Giardia lamblia-specific copro-antigen employing monospecific antibodies.
An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, using monospecific antibodies for the detection of Giardia lamblia specific 66 kDa copro-antigen has been developed and evaluated. The assay detected the antigen in stool eluates of all the 24 microscopically confirmed cases of giardiasis and in 17 (68%) of the 25 microscopy-negative clinically suspected cases of giardiasis. None of stool eluates from 20 subjects infected with other protozoal/helminthic intestinal parasites or from 20 apparently healthy subjects had G. lamblia-specific copro-antigen. The ELISA employing monospecific antibodies is a sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of giardiasis and is especially useful for confirming microscopy-negative suspected cases of giardiasis.
Animals↗
Thoracic stomach: comparative evaluation of endoscopy, gastric aspirate analysis and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of duodeno-gastric reflux.
Twenty patients with thoracic stomach were subjected to hepatobiliary scintigraphy for the diagnosis of duodenogastric reflux. The results of the radionuclide studies were correlated with those of endoscopy and biochemical estimation of total intragastric bile acid. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was found to be more sensitive (91.6%) and accurate (95%) than endoscopy (25% and 55% respectively) and biochemical estimation of total intragastric bile acid content (66.6% and 80% respectively). Being noninvasive and physiological, radionuclide study appears suitable for routine clinical use in the diagnosis of duodeno-gastric reflux.
Adolescent↗
Correcting the literature following fraudulent publication.
To gain a better understanding of the problem of dealing with publications whose integrity is subsequently challenged, experience in a well-documented case of research fraud was reviewed. At the University of California San Diego, a faculty committee evaluated 135 publications of Robert Slutsky, MD, and reported to each of the corresponding 30 journals whether each article was valid, questionable, or fraudulent, requesting publication of the criteria and the conclusions. Journals responded slowly to this request; half required additional letters over a 2-year period to elicit a reply. Of the 13 journals that had only valid articles, 5 printed a statement to that effect. Statements concerning 46 of 60 nonvalid articles were eventually published. Journals' inconsistent identification of published statements made it difficult to retrieve them by electronic searching. Only 7 notices covering 15 articles were found by searching under the Medical Subject Heading "Retraction of Publication"; scanning the entire bibliography retrieved 18 articles with retraction notations. A poll showed that journals rarely have written procedures for responding to allegations of research misconduct; in our experience, journals were reluctant to accept authorized retractions or corrections when coauthors failed to act.
Biomedical Research↗
[Ectopic bone formation by composite graft of culture-expanded rat marrow cells and porous calcium phosphate ceramicmic].
Bone marrow cells derived from the femora of inbred rats were introduced into tissue culture. The adherent cells were cultivated, mitotically expanded, passaged, harvested, then placed in small cubes of porous calcium phosphate ceramics and finally grafted into subcutaneous sites of syngeneic rats. Primary marrow-derived cultured cells introduced into ceramics showed strong osteogenic potential with bone forming in the pore regions of ceramics as early as 2 weeks after in vivo implantation. Osteogenesis could be observed after 18th passage (over 36 population doublings). With increasing passage number, the initiation of osteogenesis and the apparent rate of bone formation declined and the course of osteogenesis was delayed. These data indicate that porous ceramic provides an excellent delivery vehicle for cells which are capable of osteogenic expression. In the future, it is possible to culture marrow cells as a source for reparative cells for implantation back into autologous in vivo sites.
Animals↗
[Ectopic bone formation by composite graft of culture-expanded human marrow cells and porous calcium phosphate ceramic].
Human bone marrow cells derived from three different sources; (1) cancellous bone of the femur; (2) cancellous bone of the rib from cadavers; (3) aspirate from the iliac bone were introduced into tissue culture. The adherent cells were cultivated, mitotically expanded, passaged, harvested then placed in small cubes of porous calcium phosphate ceramics and finally grafted into subcutaneous sites of athymic mouse or athymic rat. The ceramics loaded with cultured marrow cells from cancellous bone of femur showed strong osteogenic potential with bone forming in the pore regions of ceramics as early as two weeks after in vivo implantation. Osteogenesis could be observed after seventh passage (Five times passaged, frozen, stored, thawed, and replated twice). Although the aspirated marrow cells cultured also exhibited bone formation, the osteogenesis initiated later and the bone formation rate was lower. The ceramics loaded with fresh red blood cells separated from the aspirated marrow showed no evidence of bone formation. Moreover, osteogenic cells were found to have an ability to proliferate selectively in tissue culture.
Aged↗
Conceiving a fetus for bone marrow donation: an ethical problem in prenatal diagnosis.
We present a family who sought prenatal diagnosis in order to bear a healthy child to serve as an HLA-identical bone marrow donor for their son affected with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. They intended to abort HLA-incompatible fetuses who would have been unsuitable bone marrow donors. This case led us to conclude that prenatal diagnosis should not be used to benefit a third party or facilitate the conception or abortion of a fetus for the purpose of generating an organ for transplantation. The limits of parental autonomy and physician responsibility are discussed.
Aborted Fetus↗
[Plagiarism in publications by Dr. Andrzej Jendryczko].
The paper reviews the formal action taken by the Silesian Medical University (SMU) in Katowice, against a professor who mass-produced plagiarized papers over many years. Plagiarized publications were based on articles of other authors, published in the European and American medical journals. Over 40 papers written by Andrzej Jendryczko, PhD, a former professor of biochemistry at SMU were declared to be plagiarized. Most of these publications have been retracted from Polish and international medical databases (Medline) by the editors of the journals involved. Dr. Jendryczko resigned in March 1998 from the Czestochowa Polytechnic, where he was a professor and Deputy Director of the Institute. Disciplinary action against him has still not been taken, because he is on sick leave. Criticizing some formal steps taken by SMU, the author proposes to establish a national committee for scientific misconduct. This independent committee, should be able by law to supervise the investigation in all Polish cases in academia which are suspected of scientific fraud. The committee also should have the power to initiate and conduct the investigation.
History, 20th Century↗
Corticosteroids for the complications of Ross River virus infection.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Peptide immunization restimulates the memory CD4 T cell response but fails to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cynomolgus monkeys.
A potential strategy to induce peptide specific CTL in vivo was investigated. A synthetic vaccine consisting of an SIV-derived, HLA-A2. 1-binding CTL epitope and a tetanus toxin-derived T helper epitope was evaluated for its capacity to induce peptide-specific CTL in monkeys. Thirteen animals were immunized and boosted twice with 150 microg of CTL plus 250 microg of the T helper peptide (p30). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were regularly analysed for cytotoxic and proliferative responses before, between, and after the immunizations, and the serum was tested for anti-peptide antibodies. No unequivocal induction of SIV peptide-specific CTL in any of the monkeys was observed. However, a wide pattern of mild and transient side reactions were observed, ranging from local redness at the injection site to generalized exanthema, myalgias, arthralgias, and fever. The side-effects were related to the T helper epitope, as they were similar to the side-effects experienced after tetanus immunization, correlated to the magnitude of the p30-specific in vitro proliferative response, and occurred only if p30 was co-injected. No antibody against the SIV-derived peptides nor against p30 was detectable in the serum after repeated immunizations. The data suggest that the CTL peptide, at the concentration used in this study, failed to induce a cytotoxic immune response in vivo, although the T helper peptide seems to be capable of restimulating the specific memory T cells.
Animals↗
Effect of melatonin administration and long day-length on endocrine cycles in the hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus.
The effects of exogenous melatonin (subcutaneous implants containing 0.031 +/- 0.006 mg/gm body mass melatonin) or long photoperiod (18L:6D) on wild-caught adult male hedgehogs were studied. Hedgehogs were implanted with melatonin-filled or empty capsules in May, August, or September, or maintained under long photoperiod from August. Blood samples collected at monthly intervals were assayed for testosterone, melatonin, and thyroxin. Melatonin-filled capsules elevated plasma melatonin concentrations for 4-6 months. Although melatonin administration in May depressed plasma testosterone levels, testicular reactivation was advanced by 1 month the following year, and the characteristic prehibernal gain in body mass was abolished. Melatonin administration in August had no effect on plasma testosterone concentrations but reduced body mass fluctuations before and during hibernation. Hedgehogs receiving melatonin in September recovered early from hibernal body mass loss and showed a 2 month advance in testicular reactivation the following year. Maintaining hedgehogs at 18L:6D photoperiod, however, elevated plasma melatonin concentrations. Testicular reactivation the following spring was delayed by 1 month, ended 3 months early, and testosterone concentrations were depressed. All treatments depressed plasma thyroxin levels. These results suggest that elevated melatonin levels during winter are important in the regulation of endogenous endocrine cycles in the hedgehog. Hedgehogs do not respond positively to melatonin at the end of the breeding season, but are again responsive to melatonin as early as September.
Animals↗
Gene expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in human placenta and decidua.
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) induces proliferation of monocyte/macrophage progenitor cells and can also activate some functions of mature cells including fetally derived placental cells. To study the role of M-CSF in the pregnant female reproductive tract, the expression of M-CSF mRNA and its receptor, c-fms proto-oncogene, in human placenta and decidua was identified. M-CSF and c-fms mRNAs, 4.7Kb and 3.9Kb respectively, were detected by Northern blotting in the early stage placenta and subsequently increased during pregnancy. These mRNAs were not detected in the nonpregnant endometrium but were strongly induced in maternal decidua with the same mRNA size as in the placenta. Northern blot hybridization on the endometrium of a pseudopregnant uterus revealed that the expression of endometrial M-CSF and c-fms mRNAs is regulated by synergistic action of female sex steroid hormones. These findings indicate that, in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner, M-CSF is deeply involved in the local proliferation and differentiation of cells at the materno-fetal interface, and support the placental immunotrophism hypothesis.
Blotting, Northern↗