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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Retirement choice and retirement satisfaction.

Retirees from major corporations who reported they retired voluntarily were compared with nonvoluntary retirees to determine the individual factors that led to a voluntary or nonvoluntary decision to retire and the impact of that voluntary/nonvoluntary decision on retirement attitudes and satisfaction. Seven firms provided mailing lists of recent retirees, and 1486 respondents completed questionnaires. Voluntary retirees tended to be persons with higher income, occupation, and health status, who had more positive feelings about retirement and more family support for their decision to retire, compared with nonvoluntary retirees. Voluntary retirees were significantly more likely to have positive attitudes and higher satisfaction in retirement than nonvoluntary retirees. However, health status and preretirement feelings about retirement were more significant predictors of retirement attitudes and satisfaction than the voluntary/nonvoluntary decision. Implications of these findings for preretirement counseling and retirement policies are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Pre-retirement life-style and the degree of planning for retirement.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the pre-retirement life-style of adult men, and both the degree of planning for the retirement years and the decision to retire early. Adult males (N = 360) between 55 and 64 years of age were interviewed about their present leisure life-style and the amount of retirement planning they were doing or had done. In order to determine which demographic, attitudinal and social participation variables predict retirement related behavior, Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) was used. It was found that socioeconomic status, health, involvement in expressive type organizations, job satisfaction and degree of leisure orientation were associated with pre-retirement attitudes toward retirement.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

Availability of retired persons for work: findings from the retirement history study.

The increase in the proportion of retirees in the population has given rise to concern that the financial burden on workers could become onerous. Consequently, considerable interest has developed in encouraging workers to delay retirement until age 65 and beyond. The effectiveness of programs to accomplish this objective would be enahnced by knowledge of the reasons for early retirement and the characteristics of those who have retired. On the basis of three waves of longitudinal data from the Retirement History Study, an availability measure has been constructed to provide estimates of how many recent retirees would be likely, given the opportunity, to return to work. Incorporating information on perceived income adequacy and work attitudes, the measure is applied in this article to men and women aged 62 to 67 in 1973 who had retired since 1969. An initial screening to determine those with work limitations removed half the retirees from consideration, and the measure indicates that relatively few of those remaining would have been readily available to return to work.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

A follow-up study of non-retired and retired members of the Danish Carpenter/Cabinet Makers' Trade Union.

A 6 years follow-up study of mortality among Danish carpenters and cabinet makers (40 000 persons) shows an SMR of 82 in the group of non-retired and an SMR of 70 in the group of retired union members. No major causes of death except nasal cancer were significantly above the national average. Problems of methodology in using retired workers in the occupational mortality studies are discussed.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Higher education in retirement: The Institute for Retired Professionals.

This paper indicates the failure of our society to educate its citizens in the "worthy" use of retirement leisure. It contends that educated retirees should be offered an opportunity to function in creative, dignified and self-directed roles on university campuses. It describes the program of the Institute for Retired Professionals at The New School for Social Research in New York City, which has been functioning since 1962 and now serves as a model for a growing number of university programs for retirees. At the IRP educated retirees have found a new way of spending their retirement years in dignified roles as teachers, leaders, administrators and participants in their own inner university.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1979

Subjective retirement.

An individual's identification of his retirement situation does not necessarily coincide with the retirement concept as defined by objective measures. Self-evaluation of retirement status by respondents to the Retirement History Study has been analyzed to discover to what extent their subjective assessment of retirement matched the situation predicted by objective measures. For those completely retired or not retired, the self-evaluation was closely related to the number of hours worked. A "partly retired" response was not as well-predicted, to some extent because of definitional problems. Pension receipt and, to a lesser degree, aging had some significance as predictors, but other demographic and attitudinal factors were not significant. Analysis of the partly retired suggests the relative importance of gradual retirement during the period 1969--75.

Employment↗
PubMed1978

Survival after early and normal retirement.

This paper describes an epidemiological study of the patterns and correlates of survival after early (age 62 to 64) and normal retirement (age 65) among 3,971 U.S. rubber tire workers. For the two companies, death rates were significantly elevated during the first, fourth, and fifth years after early retirement. Among normal retirees, elevations in death rates occurred during the third or fourth years after retirement in Company B and Company A, respectively. When the experiences of both companies were combined, no significant mortality excesses were observed. Comparisons of deaths (cases) within 5 years of retirement with survivors (controls) showed that pre-retirement health status was the only significant predictor of survival after early retirement. Among normal retirees, lower status workers were more likely to die within 3 years of retirement than higher status workers, who were more prominent among deaths 4 to 5 years after retirement. Risks of dying were greater among normal retirees with a history of repeated medical and nonmedical absences.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Retired academics and research activity.

A limited literature on the retirement of academics suggests that they do not follow the expected pattern of retirement but may be similar to scientists in retirement. Data collected from 207 academics who retired from state and small private colleges and ivy league and large state universities indicate that to varying degrees they continue to engage in professional activities after retirement. Academics who are high on professional visibility appear to be especially likely to continue to engage in research and/or writing. The importance of psychological centrality of pre-retirement work to post-retirement activity is suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Planning for retirement: advice to physicians.

Retirement planning has become a legitimate concern of all physicians, especially those employed by agencies where retirement is compulsory. Faced with the possibility of retirement, whether forced or voluntary, and issues of competence and other related matters, many physicians are departing from the traditional pattern of working until they become incapacitated. The typical physician places high values on work and deprecates other activities. Busy practitioners who have spent little time with their families and in recreational pursuits find themselves unprepared for their altered status when they stop working. Little empirical information is available concerning physicians and retirement. Four proposed retirement patterns may help physicians plan successfully for retirement.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Determinants of a positive attitude toward retirement.

This research investigates the possibility that attitude toward retirement is better understood as resulting from the worker's realistic appraisal of the type of retirement experience which he can expect than as part of a general value orientation stressing the worker role. Questionnaire data collected from 70 older industrial workers indicate that workers who can expect a positive retirement experience in terms of finances, friends, social activity, and level of preparedness are likely to have a positive attitude toward retirement. No relationship was found between commitment to work and attitude toward retirement.

Attitude↗
PubMed1976

Expectancy theory prediction of the preference to remain employed or to retire.

Vroom's (1964) expectancy theory model was used to predict older workers' choices between continued employment or immediate retirement. It was hypothesized that a person's preference for one of the two alternatives would be a function of the differences between the instrumentality of employment and the instrumentality of retirement for the attainment of outcomes, multiplied by the valence of each outcome, summed over outcomes. To test this, 290 Israeli male workers, aged 57 to 64, were interviewed. Measures included: preference for employment or retirement; valences of 35 outcomes; perceived instrumentalities of employment and retirement. The results supported the hypothesis (R = .40; p less than .01). It is suggested that further research along these lines could equip organizations with a tool for assisting older employees in the transition to retirement or for encouraging those who are still capable of making a significant contribution to remain employed.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1978

Early retirement pensions in Sweden: trends and regional variations.

The total number of early retirement pensiones has risen sharply since the end of the 1960s. The increase was greatest during the early 1970s following a reform in 1970 which extended the right to early retirement pension to older workers because of labour market considerations. This article discusses various conceivable explanations for the growth in the number of early retirement pensioners and regional variations of this phenomenon. The following explanatory factors are considered: (a) The prospects of getting (keeping) a job. (b) Work capacity. (c) The nature of the pension scheme. (d) Alternative possibilities of support. (e) Preferences concerning early retirement pensions. The discussion focuses on two explanations highlighted in the public debate in Sweden: changes in pension legislation and the role of the solidarity wages policy. An empirical analysis of variations at the provincial level reveals a definite correlation between the proportion of early retirement pensioners and various indices of unemployment and underemployment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Effect of loneliness on mortality after retirement.

In the present study, the effect of the type and number of available objects on post-retirement mortality was examined. The hypothesis is that the fewer available objects people have upon retirement, the greater will be the mortality after the retirement. The material was divided into three groups: married (assumed to have the greatest object potential), widowed or divorced (second greatest), and single (least potential). The material consisted of men retired on old age pension in 1964. Of these, 792 were married, 119 were widowed or divorced, and 77 were single. No statistically significant differences in mortality between groups on the basis of marital status could be found, although the results tended to favour the hypothesis. The number of suicides and accidents in the group of men dying within two years of retirement exceeded the expected values, but this increase was distributed fairly evenly between groups on the basis of marital status.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The elderly person and retirement].

The present aimed at characterizing the retired old population (members of the retired people and pensioners Association of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo) who live in this town. The study was carried out from 01/01/89 through 31/12/89. This population was composed of 38 retired and old age pensioners: 30 (78.9%) males and 8 (21.1%) females. It was used the method for data collecting which was the questionnaire with close and open questions; the used technique was the recorded interview. As in our country the retired benefit is inferior to be work's remunerations in the period of activity, the retired person is obliged to look for other ways of income to complement that benefit, and the medical assistance, where it was not expected by the population.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1975

Attitudinal orientations of wives toward their husbands' retirement.

Most research tends to focus on the husband's attitudes toward retirement while overlooking the wife's evaluation of this event. In this study interviews with wives whose husbands were retired or approaching retirement suggested that a variety of orientations toward their husbands' retirement was present. Some women expressed grave reservations; others looked forward to it; still others had no opinion. It is felt that an understanding of the wife's reaction to her husband's retirement can be useful in understanding the adjustments that both husband and wife may have to make in their relationship to each other.

Aged↗