Rx for care givers: respite care.
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Aged↗
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Respite care: challenging tradition.
Respite care is frequently provided within a hospital setting and such a service is likely to increase due to community care policies. Nurses need to challenge traditional assumptions on which respite care is based in order to provide a more flexible service.
Community Health Nursing↗
Respite care services to caretakers of chronically ill children in California.
Caring for chronically ill and/or technology-dependent children at home can be emotionally, physically, psychologically, and financially exhausting for the caregiver. Caregivers require temporary relief from the burden of day-to-day care of these children. Respite care offers the opportunity for this relief. A study was conducted to survey the availability of respite care for chronically ill and technology-dependent children in California. Survey findings from 45 agencies indicated that 38% provided respite care for chronically ill and/or technology-dependent children. Fifty percent of agencies provided care for less than 10 chronically ill and/or technology-dependent children per year. Major problems associated with provision of respite services were inadequate reimbursement and insufficient request for services.
California↗
Respite care: temporary relief for caregivers.
Recent respite care research is reviewed, advantages and disadvantages of respite- and home-based care are presented, and some recommendations are introduced. It may be more cost-effective to invest in caregivers' physical, financial, and emotional well-being than to provide the care required when caregivers become "patients." Practical and policy issues are raised regarding the desirability of investment in respite care.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Respite care services for the family in Germany.
Development of an overall network of respite care services is progressing well in the Federal Republic of Germany. By 1990, an estimated 200 services were either in operation or about to start work throughout the country. For the most part (approximately 140) these services are run by Lebenshilfe. This service system for the care of handicapped persons, offering help in daily life for persons with handicap and their families, is therefore quite well established. This article describes the development of services for handicapped persons in the FRG, putting respite care services in this historical context. The need for, and philosophy of, respite care services are described and current efforts of the National Society, Lebenshilfe, are noted. Following a brief review of the concept of respite care and recent attempts to operationalize it in everyday practice, the article considers how the concept has evolved in response to practical experience and how it may evolve further in response to future developments.
Persons with Disabilities↗
Reduction of caregiver stress by respite care: a pilot study.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether providing respite care to persons with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias decreased stress and mood disturbances in caregivers. Caregivers of persons receiving respite care (n = 7), and not receiving respite care (n = 8) were tested at entry into the study and at 5 weeks and 10 weeks, using the Profile of Mood States and the Relative's Stress Scale. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, a downward trend for study subjects and an upward trend for controls was found for Relative's Stress Scores. Similar trends were found on the Personal Distress Subscale of the Relative's Stress Scale. No difference occurred in rates of institutionalization between those receiving and not receiving day care. Our study suggests that respite care for demented persons living at home significantly reduces the stress among caregivers.
Affect↗
Who benefits most from respite care?
This study examines the effect of five measures of utilization of respite care services (desire to use respite care services, actual use, accessibility, scheduling and helpfulness) upon mothers' coping resources. Using the analysis of variance between utilization measures and coping resources with the following intervening variables as covariates--mothers' self-esteem, family cohesion and adaptation, and clients' and mothers' characteristics--it was found that respite care acts as a differential service that can enhance coping resources (i.e., stress reduction skills) and is of most benefit to high self-esteem mothers of young developmentally disabled children. A home-based model was found to be the most beneficial to mothers in terms of enhanced coping resources. Findings are interpreted with respect to their implications for research, program model, planning and intervention.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Determining the contribution of residential respite care to the quality of life of children with severe learning difficulties.
This paper investigates factors which may be influential in determining the impact of residential respite services on residents' quality of life. Residents are all aged 19 or under and have severe learning difficulties. The objective of respite care is to ameliorate some of the burdens which carers associate with caring but to do so without adversely affecting those being cared for, while preferably improving residents' quality of life. The usual focus of evaluations of respite care, however, tends to be directed at how well carers' needs are supported. Only when it is possible to determine the impact of respite care on the quality of lives of both carer and cared for will researchers be in a position to complete a full evaluation. Until then a better understanding of all recipients' responses to respite care is needed. This paper, therefore, takes as its focus the often 'forgotten' recipients, the children with severe learning difficulties themselves. The analysis is somewhat preliminary but this is inevitable reflecting as it does the current state of research work in this area.
Adolescent↗
Video-based training of respite care providers: an interactional analysis of presentation format.
We conducted two studies to evaluate a video-based instructional package for training respite care providers and the role of presentation format (viewing the videotapes alone, with a partner, and with structured group training) as a contextual variable. In Study 1, the results of a within-subjects Latin square design nested within a multiple baseline showed that performance during simulated (role-played) respite care situations improved in five of the six skill areas for the 12 trainees following presentation of the videotape, with no differences between presentation formats. Correct responding generalized to respite care situations involving a developmentally disabled child, and in most cases, acquired skills were maintained for up to 6 months. In Study 2, we conducted a clinical replication of Study 1 under conditions more closely approximating those in which the training program would be implemented by respite care agencies. Results of the between-groups analysis were consistent with the findings of Study 1.
Adult↗
Respite care on a children's ward.
In March 1984 a short term respite care facility for handicapped children was opened in a children's ward catering primarily for acute medical and surgical problems. The facility was based on a four bedded room designed so that if beds became short in the main ward it could revert immediately to the care of acutely sick children. Three nurses were appointed specifically to staff the facility, the nursing budget for the rest of the ward being reduced proportionately. Conversions were funded by charities and some of the conversion work done by volunteers. The main users were totally dependent children aged under 5 with severe mental and physical handicaps. Parents found the service invaluable, and in addition to planned admissions it was usually possible to accept a child at short notice--for example, when some domestic crisis occurred. Only very rarely was admission impossible because of the needs of acutely ill children. A short term respite care facility not only helps parents cope and may provide beneficial experience for a handicapped child but is also a useful training ground for medical students and junior staff.
Child↗
Characteristics of users and nonusers of respite care.
Characteristics of users and nonusers of respite care services were investigated in a sample of 105 biological mothers of children evidencing mild/moderate or severe/profound disabilities. Analyses revealed a low level of service use across groups and no significant difference between groups, despite significantly higher levels of reported stress among mothers of children with more severe disabilities. Results also indicated that marital status and the child's level of functioning were related to reported levels of depression, social support, and personal well being. The discrepancy between demonstrated need and service utilization was highlighted in the discussion.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Respite care and family functioning in families with retarded children.
In an effort to explore the relationship between the use of home-based respite care and family functioning, this study found evidence of the usefulness of respite care in maintaining family stability in certain areas. After reviewing the differences between families that used such care and those that did not, the author discusses implications for social work practice and future research.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Respite care for mentally ill patients and their families.
An inpatient psychiatric unit at a Veterans Administration Medical Center offers regularly scheduled psychiatric respite care, an intervention intended to reduce recidivism among chronic patients who live with a family member and to support the family in their caregiving role. Patients and their families have the option of arranging for respite admissions for two to seven days at six- to eight-week intervals. Preliminary one-year data for 14 patients show that with participation in the respite program, subsequent hospital days are significantly decreased. Subjective data indicate that respite care helps stabilize improvements patients made in the hospital, allows staff to work with family systems in a nonadversarial manner, and gives the family needed relief from difficult behaviors.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Acceptance of hospital-based respite care by families and elders.
Health and social service professionals generally view respite services as a preventive health care measure for both caregiver and recipient. However, many families with dependent elders are reluctant to use formal respite care services. Factors associated with family member perceptions of hospital-based respite care as a viable personal option are examined. The findings suggest that families often fail to recognize the preventive health care functions that respite care may offer and that practitioners should propose respite care as part of overall treatment plans.
Aged↗
Provision of respite care for children with developmental disabilities: changes in maternal coping and stress over time.
Changes were examined in maternal coping resources and stress over time as a consequence of the provision of respite care for their children with developmental disabilities. Users and nonusers of home-based respite services were matched and compared. Results showed that services were associated with an immediate significant reduction in maternal stress. Even though there were changes over time in coping resources and stress reported by mothers, the respite care group showed overall consistent benefits as compared to those not receiving services. Findings were interpreted with respect to their implications for research and interventions.
Adult↗
Geriatric respite care--present practice and the potential for improvement.
A prospective Audit of patients admitted for geriatric respite care was undertaken. Information was obtained from patients, staff and carers for 125 consecutive admissions over a 20 week period. The 87 clients admitted had a mean age of 79.6 years and 83% had a high physical/mental dependency. In contrast to some previous studies mortality was very low (less than 2%). One hundred and nine (87%) admissions were discharged home. Respite admission bed use was classified as shared care (971 days, n = 19), planned respite (937 days, n = 50) and crisis respite (809 days, n = 18). The shared care and planned group did not show significant differences in patient dependency or carer profile. On a population basis, geriatric respite care was required on a bed per 1,000 population aged 75 and over. Patients viewed as inappropriate for geriatric care were most frequent in the crisis respite group, with the Geriatric Unit at times meeting shortfalls in other services. The sharing of key information between families/carers and community/hospital was, at times, deficient. The need for increased publicity about the service and for a carer support group was identified. Most families were satisfied with the care received but specific ways of improving the service were suggested.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Respite care: a new social program for children at risk.
A working definition and general overviews of the concept of respite care are provided, along with the value of such temporary care for the multitudes of children who suffer abuse and neglect (2.2 million in 1988). Existing programs are identified, with the scope of their services and number of clients discussed. The pediatric dentist is advised to become aware of such programs to offer assistance to families dealing with the stresses of caring for children with special needs.
Adolescent↗
Respite care: a community needs survey.
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Adult↗