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Results for “Respiratory Mucosa”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[A way of evaluating the tolerance of respiratory mucosa to thermal spring water (author's transl)].

The therapeutical solutions for respiratory mucosa such as some thermal spring water must be perfectly tolerated and it is presently accepted that one of the best criteria of tolerance is the maintenance of a normal ciliary function. The photo-oscillographic techniques developed by the authors enabled the measurement of the physiological frequency of ciliary beat in vitro, and of the effect, either stimulant or inhibiting, of the thermal spring water. The measurement is done either in liquid phase by immersion of a fragment of ciliated mucosa, or in gas phase by aerosolization. At the same time it is possible to control in man the effects of thermal spring aerosols on the mucocilliary drainage by a simple technique.

Balneology↗
PubMed1979

Penetration of erythromycin through respiratory mucosa. A study using secretory otitis media as a model.

This study is based upon the concept that the respiratory mucosa reacts in a uniform manner to an inflammatory stimulus. Secretory Otitis Media (SOM) may be used as a model to disclose some aspects of antibiotic penetration. Erythromycin was given for different periods of time to 108 cases of SOM where myringotomy was indicated. The middle ear effusion was aspirated and blood samples were obtained simultaneously. The concentration of erythromycin was determined by microbiological procedures. Erythromycin penetrated into the middle ear effusion. After the fourth dose the concentration was at the same level as the plasma peak level. The elimination of the drug from the middle ear secretion was considerably prolonged compared with the rapid elimination from plasma. This implies that erythromycin attains a steady state in the middle ear effusion with concentrations equal to the plasma peak level.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of ferret respiratory mucosa infected with influenza A virus.

The use of both SEM and TEM techniques in studying the alterations of the columnar ciliated epithelium of the whole respiratory tract of ferrets enables the authors to find a significant discrepancy between tracheal and nasal mucosa destructions. This discrepancy is not a function of the anatomical location of virus instillation. Theoretical and pratical meanings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Quantitative cytochemical study of local immunostimulation of the respiratory mucosae by mineral spa water (author's transl)].

After non-specific stimulation (by mineral spa water) of the secretion of IgA by the respiratory tract of rabbits, the animals were killed and a study made of the number of plasmocytes per 500 diameter field by phase contrast microscopy. The number of plasmocytes was markedly increased on the 15th day and remained 5 times higher than in control animals on the 100th day. Immunocytochemical labelling by the secretory anti-IgA Fab fraction confirmed these data electron microscopically.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

pH effects on ciliomotility and morphology of respiratory mucosa.

Tracheal cilia of cows exposed, in vitro, for 20 hours to different acidities and alkalinities of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively, showed ciliomotility at pH values as low as 4.9, while the epithelial cells began to be expelled from the mucosa at pH 6.7, initiating a reduction of ciliary function around this pH value. In alkaline reactions, ciliostasis occurred at pH 9.76. Destroyed cilia were found above pH 10.15, while they were morphologically unchanged at pH values as low as 4.0, the lowest value examined. The first symptoms, however, of adverse effects were intracellular edema and the simultaneous occurrence of cellular polyps in both acid and alkaline reactions at pH 6.7 and 9.5, respectively. The results indicate that the early effects of air pollutants are better demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy studies than by, e.g., studies of ciliomotility.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Interaction of crocidolite asbestos with hamster respiratory mucosa in organ culture.

Organ cultures of hamster trachea were used to study the effects of crocidolite asbestos on the respiratroy epithelium and the uptake of asbestos by cells of the mucosa. International Union Against Cancer (U.I.C.C.) crocidolite was suspended in medium over a range of concentrations and precipitated on the epithelial surface for 1 hour. At intervals during the ensuing 4 weeks, morphologic changes were documented by light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Cytotoxic alterations in differentiated mucosal cells appeared to relate to the amount of crocidolite added to the cultures. Necrosis and desquamation of surface cells were accompanied by basal cell hyperplasia. These proliferating cells phagocytosed the dust and incorporated it into lysosomes. Crocidolite was also found interposed between cells of the hyperplastic basal cell layer. Transport of asbestos particles to the submucosa and uptake by mesenchymal cells was apparent after 1 week.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1978

Pathologic changes induced in respiratory tract mucosa by polycyclic hydrocarbons of differing carcinogenic activity.

Seven aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons (PCHs) were investigated for their toxic effects on respiratory mucosa: benzo(e)pyrene (BeP), pyrene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene(BaA), dibenz(a,c)anthracene(DBacA), benzo (a)pyrene (BaP), and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The compounds were chosen because they comprise a spectrum of PCHs ranging from noncarcinogens, to initiators, to weak and strong carcinogens. All of them except DMBA are environmentally relevant chemicals. The chemicals were tested over an 8-week period. Heterotopic tracheal transplants were continously exposed and the histopathologic effects induced by the various PCHs were periodically assessed semiquantitatively. All PCHs exhibited varying degrees of toxicity for respiratory epithelium and submucosa. BeP clearly showed the least toxicity followed by pyrene and anthracene. BaA and DBacA caused marked epithelial and submucosal changes. In addition to epithelial hyperplasia, undifferentiated epithelium and squamous metaplasia developed. Marked mononuclear infiltration occurred in the subepithelial connective tissue. With BaP the epithelial and submucosal changes were similar but were much stronger. DMBA was the most toxic substance, causing epithelial necrosis followed by generalized keratinizing squamous metaplasia; the subepithelial changes consisted of an early acellular exudate and, later (at 8 weeks), marked condensation and hyalinization of the lamina propria. The toxic response pattern of the tracheal mucosa to carcinogenic agents was characterized by the chronicity of epithelial and connective tissue damage, as opposed to the short-lived hyperplastic and inflammatory response elicited by the noncarcinogens and weak initiators.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1977

A reappraisal of the ultrastructure of the human respiratory nasal mucosa.

A study of the ultrastructure of human respiratory nasal mucosa using specimens of simple mucous polyps showed features essentially identical to those described in the lower respiratory tract. Minor forms of epithelial specialization seen in the nasal lining of the other mammalian species are not demonstrable in man. Inflammatory cells, especially lymphocytes, form an integral constituent of the epithelium, and are in close apposition to the epithelial cells. A marked increase in the epithelial surface area is achieved through ridging and clefting, irregularity of the cell's surface and the presence of microvilli. Branching microvilli are admixed with more conventional structures.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1976

The respiratory tract immune system in the pig. I. Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the respiratory tract mucosa.

The number of cells containing immunoglobulins A, G and M in the respiratory tract mucosa of pigs from birth to maturity was assessed using the immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoglobulin-containing cells first appeared at 6-7 days of age and rose rapidly to reach levels at 3-4 weeks similar to those in the adult. IgA-containing cells predominated at all sites in all age groups, although there were significant proportions of cells containing IgM and IgG. Our findings suggest that IgA is transported into secretions via the mixed mucoserous glands of the nasal and tracheobronchial mucosa, and that this route is also operative for colostral IgA absorbed from the gut in the baby pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide for respiratory tract mucosa.

The carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide, Ni3S2, for respiratory tract epithelium was studied in heterotopic tracheal transplants with doses of 1 and 3 mg Ni3S2 per trachea. Chemical determinations indicated that Ni3S2 persisted in the tracheas for seven to nine months. Ni3S2 showed marked toxicity for mucociliary epithelium, resulting in widespread atrophy and focal epithelial necrosis during the first two months of exposure. The submucosa showed mononuclear infiltration and signs of fibroblastic and capillary proliferation. Tumor studies indicated that Ni3S2 can induce carcinomas in tracheal epithelium. The carcinoma incidence was 10% at 1 mg and approximately 1.5% at 3 mg. The higher dose produced a 67% incidence of fibro- and myosarcomas. The data suggest that, compared to some carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Ni3S2 may not be a strong carcinogen for the epithelium of conducting airways. The data are discussed in light of other experimental studies and of epidemiological findings on respiratory tract cancers in nickel workers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue culture of human adult adenoids and of middle eear mucosa.

The increased number of mucus producing cells as well as the presence of stratified squamous epithelium in pathological and experimental middle ear conditions, point towards the possibility of metaplastic changes of the middle ear mucosa, similar to the metaplastic capabilities of respiratory mucosae in general, as observed clinically or provoked experimentally. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of postembryonic human respiratory mucosae, in vitro, for the study of triggering or inducing factors involved in its normal and metaplastic differentiation. Explants from adenoids and middle ear mucosa were cultured, both as organ cultures and monolayers, for periods of up to two weeks, and their developmental characteristics were studied and described. Over 50% of the explants showed mitosis, epithelial and monolayer growth, ciliary activity and differentiation into ciliated and into mucus-producing cells. Adenoid explants were grown in air without and with added 5% CO2. Under the latter conditions, the proportion of explants and monolayers showing ciliary activity was 50% greater. It is concluded that this model might be suitable for further studies of the factors which control cyto-differentiation in mucociliary epithelia. Maintaining its growth for a longer period would, however, be desirable.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin containing cells in the bronchopulmonary system of non-pneumonic and pneumonic calves.

In an examination of the immunoglobulin containing cells in the respiratory mucosa of three-month-old non-pneumonic calves, IgA was found to be the predominant plasma cell type. In calves with cuffing pneumonia there was a marked increase in the plasma cell population in the bronchial wall and IgG1 cells became the major cell type. Similarly in calves with an exudative type of pneumonia IgG1 plasma cells were the significant cell type in the respiratory mucosa but the total number of plasma cells was similar to that found in the non-pneumonic animals. The immunohistochemical results suggest that IgA and, to a lesser extent, IgM are both transported across the mucous membrane via bronchial epithelial secretory cells and submucosal glands.

Animals↗