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Results for “Respiratory Hypersensitivity”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hapten-specific respiratory hypersensitivity in guinea pigs.

Respiratory hypersensitivity to small chemical determinants (haptens) was produced in guinea pigs by repeatedly exposing the animals to aerosols of hapten-ovalbumin conjugates. In this way, reactivity toward p-azobenzenearsonate and p-tolyl isocyanate was induced. Carrier (ovalbumin)-specific respiratory reactions were not produced. Hapten-specific respiratory hypersensitivity was accompanied by the production of hapten-specific antibodies. The method for inducing hapten-specific hypersensitivity can be applied to screen various industrial chemicals for their sensitizing abilities toward the respiratory tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Uptake and catabolism of antigen by alvelar macrophages of dogs with respiratory hypersensitivity. Processing of antigen by alveolar macrophages.

The ability of alveolar macrophages of dogs to bind and metabolize two antigens was studied. The antigens were ragweed antigen E (AgE) and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). These antigens were chosen because of the availability of dogs with respiratory hypersensitivity to them and because they are of very different molecular weights. It was shown that: (1) antigen processing was identical using macrophages from hypersensitive as compared with normal dogs; (2) in comparison with AgE, much more of the higher molecular weight antigen, KLH, was bound to macrophages and much less degraded during subsequent incubation, leaving a greater proportion of the antigen bound to the cell membrane; (3) respiratory cells which had taken up AgE at 0 degrees C instead of 37 degrees C and were then incubated at 37 degrees C were much more active in catabolizing bound antigen with consequently less membrane bound antigen remaining; (4) increases in catabolism of bound AgE were also found in cells from relatively recently lavaged animals; (5) there was no evidence that cytophilic antibody contributed to the uptake of AgE.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses: aetiological studies: responses to intradermal and inhalation antigenic challenge.

Micropolyspora faeni and Aspergillus fumigatus were identified as common causes of respiratory hypersensitivity in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rye grass pollen and an Actinomycete evoked respiratory allergy in a few horses. Not infrequently, individual horses were found to have respiratory hypersensitivity to two or more antigens. The methods used to examine for allergy were intradermal testing and inhalation challenge with environmental antigens. An intradermal test using an M faeni extract was demonstrated to be suitable for diagnostic use in horses previously accurately diagnosed as suffering from COPD. In contrast, the A fumigatus antigen used proved unsatisfactory for such a purpose. Skin reaction to M faeni and A fumigatus extracts by horses affected with COPD indicated that the hypersensitivity was a dual one--a weak response shortly after injection followed by an Arthus-like response 4 to 8 hours later. As a parameter for monitoring responses to inhalation challenge, maximum intrathoracic pressure change (max delta Ppl) proved satisfactory, whereas changes in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) did not.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Acute respiratory distress caused by erythromycin hypersensitivity.

Severe respiratory distress developed in a patient after ingestion of two tablets of erythromycin (Erythrocin) stearate. Complete atelectasis of the left lung was found. The patient was treated intravenously with 200 mg of prednisolone sodium tetrahydrophthalate. On the same day the patient's condition improved dramatically and repeated chest roentgenograms disclosed an almost complete expansion of the atelectatic lung. Using the indirect mast cell degranulation test and the inhibition of direct mast cell degranulation test, we have shown the presence of IgE and non-IgE antibodies (heat stable) against erythromycin. This suggests that an allergic reaction of type 1 and type 3 participated in the course of the clinical picture.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

Antigen-induced airway obstruction and the influence of vagus blockade.

Respiratory hypersensitivity to Ascaris antigens is carried out on 9 dogs. The participation of vagus reflex on this respiratory distress is studied in 4 of these dogs. The dogs were exposed initially to Ascaris aerosol, then to egg albumin and NaCl aerosol for control, and once more to Ascaris aerosol after bilateral vagi blockade and lavage, respectively. The principal parameters studied were deltaPoes (mm Hg)/100 ml TV as a measurement of flow resistance in the airways, and respiratory rates (Poes=changes of oesphagus pressure; TV=tidal volume). All the animals presented a significant respiratory distress with Ascaris aerosol, which could be clearly avoided with the central bilateral blockade of nervus vagus.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1976

Effect of ascaris extract applied intravenously, on segment bronchus and the influence of ipsilateral vagus blockade.

Respiratory hypersensitivity and systemic effects after local application of Ascaris suum extract on the segmental bronchus and after its intravenous infusion are studied on four boxer dogs. Influence of ipsilateral vagus blockade on the respiratory hyperreactivity after intrabronchial application of ascaris was also investigated on the same dogs. Ascaris extract was applied in liquid form directly through a catheter into the right segmental bronchus. Egg albumin was applied in the same way for control. Local application of ascaris was repeated after ipsilateral central vagus blockade and once more after recovering vagus effect by lavage. At the end of the experiments ascaris extract was infused intravenously. The parameters studied were: deltaP(oes) mm Hg/100 ml TV (as a measurement of flow resistance in the airways), respiratory rates, arterial blood gases and pH, heart frequency, systemic blood pressure and histamine concentration per milliliter of plasma. All the animals presented a remarkable respiratory distress with local ascaris application, which could be clearly avoided with ipsilateral central vagus blockade. This respiratory hyperreactivity was not observed after intravenous infusion of ascaris extract, but a significant systemic effect, which was not the case after local application, could be observed.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1976

[Interrelations between otorhinolaryngologic and chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases (author's transl)].

1000 patients, suffering from chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases, were investigated for otorhinolaryngologic diseases. The frequency of pathologic findings such as nose deformities, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, respiratory hypersensitivity and their treatment results are evaluated aiming to find out common causative factors in the pathogenesis of these upper and lower airway diseases. A careful diagnosis and subsequent treatment of otorhinolaryngologic diseases is required to improve the therapeutic results of the basic respiratory disease.

Asthma↗
PubMed1976

Effect of unilateral vagus blockade on antigen-induced airway obstruction.

Respiratory hypersensitivity and the effect of unilateral vagus blockade on the same, after the use of Ascaris extract aerosol, are studied in three boxer dogs with spontaneous reactivity to this aerosol. The dogs were exposed initially to Ascaris extract aerosol, and this exposure was repeated after unilateral vagus blockade and after its lavage. The principal parameters, deltaPoes (mm Hg)/100 ml TV, are given as a measurement of airway flow resistance and respiratory rates. The spontaneous respiratory distress observed in all the animals after exposure to the mentioned aerosol was avoided with unilateral blockade of the nervus vagus.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1977

Increase in serum IgE levels of ovalbumin-sensitized cats and the detection of elastase and collagenase activities in secretions of sensitized feline alveolar macrophages challenged in vitro.

The feline model of respiratory hypersensitivity induced by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin has been studied. IgE serum antibodies were present for 3-10 weeks following sensitization, with maximum titers occurring between 50 and 70 days. Similarly, peak passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions occurred between 50 and 70 days. Alveolar macrophages, obtained by tracheal lavage at 65 days after sensitization, produced elastase like and collagenase-like secretions 48 h after challenge with ovalbumin in culture. Macrophages from nonsensitized cats did not produce these secretions. It is hypothesized that reaginic antibodies and sensitized alveolar macrophages, such as those found in the cat model, may be responsible in part for the destruction of lung tissue found in long-term respiratory diseases, similar to fibrosing alveolitis and pulmonary emphysema in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA): studies on the general and specific humoral response.

Serum specimens from 138 patients suffering from chronic respiratory disorders including 63 with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), 2o with suspected ABPA, 15 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 14 with bronchial asthma, 10 with chronic bronchitis and 6 with miscellaneous pulmonary conditions were studied for circulating antibodies to Aspergillus. The ammonium sulfate test was empolyed with an iodine-125 labeled mycelial component derived from Aspergillus fumigatus. When compared to normal controls from the same area, this test indicated that sera from 82 per cent of patients with ABPA had elevated binding titers to the radiolabeled antigenic component. Immunodiffusion using a culture filtrate antigen from A. fumigatus, revealed precipitating antibody to this fungus in 89 percent of sera from ABP patients. The majority of patients with ABPA demonstrated marked elevations of total serum IgE, moderate elevations of serum IgA and IgD and slightly increased levels of IgG and IgM.

Antibodies, Fungal↗