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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The development of distributive justice orientations: contextual influences on children's resource allocations.

Previous research on the development of distributive justice decisions, by centering largely on situations in which rewards for work productivity are to be allocated, has shed little light on the child's developing ability to select the justice norm most appropriate to the situation. Children 5, 9, and 13 years of age were asked to allocate resources and judge the fairness of alternative decision rules in situations to which either equity, equality, or need norms were especially applicable. As predicted, young children were insensitive to contextual information, generally preferring to allocate resources equally, whereas older children tailored their decisions appropriately to the situation. The fact that developmental trends differed from situation to situation points to the importance of adopting a contextual perspective on the development of distributive justice orientations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A methodology for resource allocation in health care for South Africa. Part IV. Application of South African Health Resource Allocation formula.

The primary concern of this concluding article in a series is the application of the South African Health Resource Allocation (SAHRA) formula proposed in the previous article (SAMJ 1990; 77: 456-459). Target allocations based on this formula are compared with current budgets to estimate the extent of geographical maldistribution of health care resources. Under the present health service structure, the direction of redistribution of these resources should be from the provinces to 'homelands'. A number of refinements to the crude formula, such as the introduction of a more rational regionalisation policy and accounting for the teaching commitments of academic hospitals, are considered and their effects illustrated. Despite data deficiencies and the wide range of possible technical modifications to SAHRA, the concept of basing resource allocation decisions on an internationally applied formula is worthy of public debate.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1990

A methodology for resource allocation in health care for South Africa. Part III. A South African health resource allocation formula.

A formula to calculate the proportion of the public sector budget that should be allocated to various geographical regions of South Africa is described. The formula is broadly classified into curative and preventive components. Using data that are routinely available, indices of need are calculated for each of these components. It is concluded that resource allocation on a macro level should closely approximate regional population distribution if cross-border flow of patients and additional teaching-hospital expenditure are ignored.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Resource allocation and the cost of quality.

The costs of producing quality medical care and the proper allocation of resources to assure quality are major contemporary concerns. Minimalists attempt to improve quality and lower costs through the application of the theory, "less is more." Bureaucracies make the same attempt through the denial of payments for "unnecessary" services. Governments and insurers try to "improve quality" by impeding the flow of new technology so that costs will be restricted (presumably allowing society better access to current care modalities). All impose regulations and requirements on medical practice. Each of these approaches is examined individually and substantial problems with their application in actual practice are illustrated. Genuine quality is not a cost or resource allocation problem. Quality is free.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Resource allocation in contemporary paediatrics: the case against high technology.

High technology has introduced a new dimension to medical treatment. There are inevitable social costs as well as benefits, and the allocation of resources to high technology, as opposed to other areas of health care, is a contentious issue. The current balance in health service funding between high technology and low technology is not appropriate. It is driven by the technological imperative and only offers solutions to a limited number of problems. There is a scarcity of health resources left to develop intersectoral responses and provide adequate funding for research into person-intensive interventions suitable for many problems. Arguments against allocating too many resources to high technology in paediatrics are examined in this paper.

Australia↗
PubMed1990

Resource allocation: a plea for a touch of realism.

The problem of resource allocation in health has stimulated much thought and research, in attempts to provide objective, rational methods by which necessary choices can be made. One such method was proposed in a paper in this journal. The authors argued for a utilitarian approach, which they claimed to demonstrate was acceptable to society at large. This paper argues that the evidence supporting such a claim was flawed; such a utilitarian approach is not socially acceptable, and is therefore not relevant. Rather more relevant directions for research are discussed, based on the assertion that a degree of realism is essential when considering the problems of resource allocation.

England↗
PubMed1978

Subregional resource allocations in the National Health Service.

The Resource Allocation Working Party in its report Sharing Resources for Health in England proposes a formula for the identification of both regional and district financial targets (Department of Health and Social Security, 1976). In this paper it is argued that the national formula is not a valid instrument for the latter purpose. Furthermore, research into medical needs and outcomes will not be adequate to bring about real changes in resource distribution at local levels unless it is recognised that the health authorities can meet needs in different ways and that a change in resource management from institutional to service budgeting is required.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2026

Coarse-grained resource allocation modeling for decoding and rewiring microbial metabolism.

Microbial metabolism is a complex, emergent system driven by the coordinated interplay of intricate and dynamic molecular processes. To elucidate cellular behavior and enable biotechnological applications, quantitative models that address the inherent complexity of metabolism have been developed from a resource allocation perspective. Here, we synthesize recent advances in coarse-grained resource allocation frameworks and their applications in understanding microbial physiology and guiding gene circuit design. These frameworks reveal global regulatory constraints and predict cellular adaptation to nutrient and environmental changes. In addition, they enable the quantification of metabolic costs, the dissection of circuit-host interactions, and the development of strategies for burden mitigation. Collectively, these modeling frameworks provide a powerful platform for uncovering quantitative principles of microbial growth and engineering robust synthetic biological systems.

coarse-grained modeling↗
PubMed1989

A methodology for resource allocation in health care for South Africa. Part I. Rationale and prerequisites.

A strategy for the equitable allocation of health care resources is needed in South Africa. The existing health administrative structures are obstacles to achieving this goal. An attempt is made to describe a framework in which the prerequisites for the equitable allocation of resources are a major restructuring of health services into a number of regional health authorities in a unified health service, and to establish a formula which is adapted from the RAWP (Resource Allocation Working Party) model used in the UK.

Health Care Rationing↗
PubMed1989

NHS resource allocation after the 1989 white paper: a critique of the research for the RAWP review.

The Government White Paper on the NHS, 'Working for Patients', abolished the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula in name, but retained its general approach of ensuring geographical equity through funding health authorities by a system of weighted capitation. As a result, the longstanding debate about the appropriate need indicators to include in RAWP, which was tackled afresh in the recent NHS Management Board review of RAWP, will remain highly pertinent to NHS resource allocation in the 1990s. Yet, the research carried out for the RAWP review, on which its principal proposals for change to the need indicators were based, is inadequate for developing a new method of resource allocation after RAWP. The paper describes the research and sets out its main conceptual limitations and problems of method.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1991

Differences in hospital resource allocation among sick newborns according to insurance coverage.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether newborns' insurance coverage was associated with differences in the allocation of hospital services. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of computerized hospital discharge data, comparing resource allocation among newborns according to insurance status, controlling for race/ethnicity, diagnoses, hospital characteristics (ownership, teaching status, nursery level), and disposition. SETTING: All California civilian acute-care hospitals. PATIENTS: Population-based sample, excluding out-of-hospital and military hospital births. Resource allocation was studied among all newborns discharged in 1987 with evidence of serious problems (N = 29,751). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay, total charges, and charges per day. RESULTS: Sick newborns without insurance received fewer inpatient services than comparable privately insured newborns with either indemnity or prepaid coverage. This pattern was observed across all hospital ownership types. Mean stay was 15.7 days for all privately insured newborns (15.6 days for those with indemnity and 15.7 days for those with prepaid coverage), 14.8 days for Medicaid-covered newborns, and 13.2 days for uninsured newborns (P less than .001). Length of stay, total charges, and charges per day were 16%, 28%, and 10% less, respectively, for the uninsured than for all privately insured newborns (P less than .001). Resources for newborns covered by Medicaid were generally greater than for the uninsured and less than for the privately insured. Both uninsured and Medicaid-covered newborns were found to have more severe medical problems than the privately insured. CONCLUSIONS: The findings cannot be explained by differences in medical need or by differences in non-medically indicated services; they constitute prima facie evidence of inequities that need to be addressed by policy changes.

California↗
PubMed1990

A methodology for resource allocation in health care for South Africa. Part II. The British experience and its relevance to South Africa.

This second article in the series on resource allocation in health care, argues for a formula-based method of resource allocation in South Africa. The model employed in England since 1976 and its application in a number of developed and developing countries is reviewed. The international experience is related to South African conditions and the principal elements necessary for a formula to achieve greater spatial equity in South African health-resource distribution are discussed.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1975

REALPOP: a mathematical model for resource allocation in population programs-results from a test in the Dominican Republic.

The structure of a computerized mathematical model for resource allocation in population programs (REALPOP) and its application to the Dominican Republic's national family planning program are described. The model integrates demographic and management science approaches in the analysis of resource allocation, program planning, goal evaluation, and growth strategies of a family planning program. It is designed primarily to aid administrative decision-makers. The Dominican National Population and Family Council (NPFC) established a goal of reducing the crude birth rate from its 1968 level of 48 per thousand population to 28 per thousand in 15 years. Further, the program has established a clear set of program plans and alternatives. This study investigates the implication of these plans for the program's stated goals.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Changing patterns of resource allocation in a London teaching district.

The health plans of the Tower Hamlets district management team were studied to determine what effects the report of the Resource Allocation Working Party and the White Paper "Priorities in the Health and Social Services" have had on resource allocation in a teaching district. The study showed that at present acute services are allocated a greater proportion of the district budget than occurs nationally, while geriatrics, mental health, and community services receive proportionately less. In the next three years spending on acute services is expected to decrease, while spending on geriatric facilities and community services will increase. Nevertheless, cuts in acute services will take place mainly through a reduction in the number of beds serving a community function, concentrating all acute services in the teaching hospital. Services to the district might be better maintained by creating a community hospital to meet the needs of patients who would otherwise need to be accommodated in acute beds with unnecessarily expensive support services.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1992

Resource allocation problems and health services for the elderly.

The provision of appropriate health support services for the elderly has increased in importance because of the trend towards aging populations in Europe and other developed regions. Health service resource allocation models and their roles in health service systems, which are also changing to reflect changing needs for the elderly, are discussed in this article. Different types of economic and health care delivery systems are examined, particularly those leading towards decentralization, consumer participation and "deinstitutionalization". A promising resource allocation approach--the "balance-of-care" approach--is described in some detail. This and other potential approaches make it possible to identify areas which hold promise for crossnational research.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severity of illness and resource allocation in DNR patients in ICU.

This study examined the differences in severity of illness and resource allocation between patients with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders and non-DNR patients in intensive care units. Severely ill intensive care patients with DNR orders continued receiving aggressive medical care following cardiac or respiratory arrest. The continued use of advanced therapies for DNR patients raises important questions about the use of costly intensive care resources.

Adult↗
PubMed2024

Variable resource allocation pattern, biased sex-ratio, and extent of sexual dimorphism in subdioecious Hippophae rhamnoides.

Evolutionary maintenance of dioecy is a complex phenomenon and varies by species and underlying pathways. Also, different sexes may exhibit variable resource allocation (RA) patterns among the vegetative and reproductive functions. Such differences are reflected in the extent of sexual dimorphism. Though rarely pursued, investigation on plant species harbouring intermediate sexual phenotypes may reveal useful information on the strategy pertaining to sex-ratios and evolutionary pathways. We studied H. rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica, a subdioecious species with polygamomonoecious (PGM) plants, in western Himalaya. The species naturally inhabits a wide range of habitats ranging from river deltas to hill slopes. These attributes of the species are conducive to test the influence of abiotic factors on sexual dimorphism, and RA strategy among different sexes. The study demonstrates sexual dimorphism in vegetative and reproductive traits. The sexual dimorphism index, aligned the traits like height, number of branches, flower production, and dry-weight of flowers with males while others including fresh-weight of leaves, number of thorns, fruit production were significantly associated with females. The difference in RA pattern is more pronounced in reproductive traits of the male and female plants, while in the PGM plants the traits overlap. In general, habitat conditions did not influence either the extent of sexual dimorphism or RA pattern. However, it seems to influence secondary sex-ratio as females show their significant association with soil moisture. Our findings on sexual dimorphism and RA pattern supports attributes of wind-pollination in the species. The observed extent of sexual dimorphism in the species reiterates limited genomic differences among the sexes and the ongoing evolution of dioecy via monoecy in the species. The dynamics of RA in the species appears to be independent of resource availability in the habitats as the species grows in a resource-limited and extreme environment.

Hippophae↗