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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Retention of metal ceramic crowns cemented with resin cements: effects of preparation taper and height.

This study investigated the effect of varying crown preparation taper and height on the retention of metal ceramic crowns cemented with resin cements. In part 1, 32 extracted molars were divided into four groups. All groups received complete-veneer crown preparations, two with a 12-degree wall angle and two with a 35-degree wall angle. Crowns were cemented with zinc phosphate and dentin-bonded resin cements. After 24 hour water storage at 37 degrees C, the crowns were separated in tension. Crowns cemented with zinc phosphate were cleaned and recemented with another dentin-bonded resin cement and after similar storage, the crowns were separated. Mean separation forces of resin-cemented crowns were higher than those of crowns cemented with zinc phosphate cement. Mean separation force of 35-degree crowns cemented with one dentin-bonded resin cement was found to be significantly higher than for the 12-degree crowns cemented with zinc phosphate cement. In part II, 32 extracted molars were divided into two groups of complete-veneer crown preparations (group I preparations were 3 mm high and group II were 5 mm high). Crowns for all teeth were cast and cemented with zinc phosphate. After 48 hours' water storage at 37 degrees C, the crowns were separated in tension. Crowns and teeth were then cleaned and each group was subdivided into 2 equal subgroups. In one subgroup of teeth with 3 mm and in one with 5 mm high preparations, the crowns were recemented with one of the two resin cement systems and the other two subgroups were recemented with the other resin cement. After 48-hour water storage, the crowns were separated. Mean separation forces of the resin-cemented crowns were greater than those of crowns cemented with zinc phosphate. Also, mean separation force of 3 mm crowns cemented with one resin cement was significantly greater than the 5 mm crowns cemented with zinc phosphate. Cohesive dentin fracture on separation was observed with some resin-cemented crowns but never with crowns cemented with zinc phosphate.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Microleakage of glass ionomer cement composite resin and glass ionomer resin cement.

An in vitro dye leakage study was performed to compare the sealing ability of glass ionomer, composite resin and glass ionomer/resin cement when used as restorative materials for G.V. Black class V cavities. In this research, standard Class V cavities were prepared in sound premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cavities were randomly divided into 3 groups. After filling the cavities with glass ionomer cement, composite resin and light curing glass ionomer/resin cement, the specimens were immersed in silver nitrate solution. Marginal microleakage at the interface between the cavity wall and restoration was evaluated. The results were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Result of this in vitro study indicate that composite resin and glass ionomer/resin cement provide a better seal than glass ionomer cement.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2004

Hardening of dual-cure resin cements and a resin composite restorative cured with QTH and LED curing units.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of light intensity and type of light unit (quartztungsten-halogen [QTH] or light-emitting diode [LED]) on the hardening of various resin cements and a resin composite restorative. METHODS: Disk specimens were prepared from 4 dual-cured resin cements (Variolink II, Calibra, Nexus 2 and RelyX ARC). Two QTH light-curing units (Visilux 2, at 550 mW/cm2, and Optilux 501, at 1,360 mW/cm2) and a LED unit (Elipar FreeLight, at 320 mW/cm2) were used for curing. Specimens were light-cured or dual-cured for 10, 30 or 40 seconds with 1 of the 3 light units (curing applied to upper surface only) and were tested 24 hours after curing. Additional cement specimens were self-cured and tested at 15, 30 and 60 minutes and at 24 hours. Testing consisted of measurement of Knoop hardness number (KHN) for each specimen. Six KHN values were obtained for the upper surface only of the various cement specimens in each test group. Disk specimens 2.5 mm thick were also prepared from a resin composite restorative (XRV Herculite). These were light-cured as above, and KHN measurements were obtained for both the upper and the lower surfaces. Mean KHNs were determined, and data were analyzed with analysis of variance. RESULTS: The groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). High-intensity light curing resulted in the highest KHN values for all materials with any of the 3 light-curing times. For the cements, LED light curing (with both dual-curing and light-curing modes) resulted in hardness values similar to those achieved with conventional QTH light curing, although there were some exceptions. However, both LED and conventional QTH light curing resulted in inferior hardening of lower surfaces of the XRV Herculite specimens at the 3 curing times. For all cements except Nexus 2, self-curing resulted in significantly lower hardness values than dual curing. The self-curing mechanism of Variolink II cement needed a longer time to activate than those of the other cements. CONCLUSIONS: High-intensity light curing and longer curing times resulted in the highest KHNs. The LED curing unit was associated with the lowest hardness values for lower surfaces of the resin composite restorative.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Porosity of resin cements and resin-modified glass-ionomers.

PURPOSE: To quantify the internal free surface in various resin cements and glass-ionomer-based materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Materials tested were Nexus fluid (NXF) and viscous (NXV), Vitremer (VTM), Fuji II LC (FII), Vitremer Luting Cement (VLC), Dyract (DYR) and Compoglass (COM). Samples (n=5) were made of each material between two microscopic glass slides under same weight. With a transmitted light microscopy, four zones of each sample were evaluated, finding the number of porosities per mm2 (NP), the average radius of porosities (RP), the ratio of total area of surface porosities (micron2) to area (mm2) of specimen surface (TA) and the ratio of total volume of porosities (micron2) to area (mm2) of material surface (VP). RESULTS: Median test was used. NP: NXV, NXF and DYR had smaller NP than VTM and FII and (likely) than VLC (P> 0.0000001). RP was smaller for DYR than for VLC and (likely) than for NXV (P= 0.00019). TA: NXV, NXF and DYR had smaller TA than VTM, FII and VLC (P< 0.0000001). VP: NXV and DYR had smaller VP than FII and (likely) than VTM and VLC (P< 0.0000001).

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2005

Short-term retentive values of zirconium oxide posts cemented with glass ionomer and resin cement: an in vitro study and a case report.

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the results of an investigation focusing on the retention of all-ceramic posts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of two luting agents--a glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Cem) and a resin cement (Panavia F)--on the retention of a prefabricated ceramic post (Cerapost) after different pretreatment techniques in vitro. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Forty freshly extracted incisors and canines were treated endodontically. The root canals were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and sealer. The teeth were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, each containing 10 specimens: sandblasted/nonsandblasted post cemented with glass-ionomer cement and sandblasted/nonsandblasted post cemented with resin cement. Tensile tests were carried out. The specimens were also quantitatively analyzed under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The retentive strengths of posts, sandblasted and nonsandblasted, and cemented with Panavia F resin cement, were significantly increased as compared to those cemented with Ketac Cem. CONCLUSION: Both the luting agent and the post-surface pretreatment had a significant influence on the retention of the ceramic post.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tensile bond strengths of resin cements to bovine dentin using resin coating.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a resin coating technique on dentin tensile bond strengths of dual-cured resin cements. METHODS: 10 bovine dentin specimens were tested for tensile bond strengths of each of the following four materials: Panavia F, Link Max, Bistite II, Rely-X. Bovine dentin ground with 600-grit SiC was bonded with a resin cement according to the manufacturers' instructions or the resin coating technique, which was used in combination with one coat of a dentin adhesive; Clearfil SE Bond, Unifil Bond, One-Up Bond F or Single Bond, with one coat of a low viscosity micro-filled resin, Protect Liner-F. Each dentin adhesive and the low viscosity micro-filled resin were cured for 10 seconds and 20 seconds respectively. After 1 day storage in water, the specimens were subjected to the tensile bond test at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/minute. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (P < 0.05). The mode of failure after the tensile bond test was classified by visual inspection. The resin cement - dentin interfaces were examined by SEM. RESULTS: The tensile bond strengths (MPa +/- SD) of four resin cements to dentin with/without resin coating were: Panavia F (22.9 +/- 3.1; 10.2 +/- 2.5), Link Max (16.1 +/- 4.4; 9.6 +/- 3.2), Bistite II (14.8 +/- 3.2; 14.3 +/- 3.9), and Rely-X (15.7 +/- 4.7; 13.5 +/- 4.5), respectively. The resin coating significantly improved the bond strengths of resin cements to dentin in Panavia F and Link Max, while there were no significant differences of mean bond strengths between Bistite II or Rely-X with and without resin coating (P> 0.05). Regarding the fracture modes, complete and partial adhesive failures were observed in the cases without resin coating. For the resin coating groups, the fracture modes were much more complicated, although, adhesive failures rarely occurred. Hybrid layer formation was observed for all materials used.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retention of paraposts cemented with dentin-bonded resin cements.

The main purpose of this study was to assess the retention of Paraposts cemented with dentin-bonded resin cements in single-rooted teeth with elliptical canals. Forty-two mandibular premolars and canines were used in this study. The crowns of these teeth were removed 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction and the root canals instrumented to a depth of 8 mm to receive size 5 Paraposts. Prepared teeth were divided into six equal groups. Each group was assigned to a different cementation system at random. The six cementation systems used were: Fleck's Cement, Universal Post Cementation Kit, Prisma Universal Bond 3/Biomer, Scotchbond 2/Resiment, All-Bond 2/All-Bond C & B Cement, and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose/Resiment. Following post cementation, the teeth were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, after which the posts were subjected to uniaxial tensile force on a testing machine until post separation occurred. Paraposts cemented with Prisma Universal Bone 3/Biomer or with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose/Resiment had significantly greater separation forces than posts cemented with any of the other cementation systems. Adhesive failure of the posts occurred in all of the specimens of the resin cement groups, whereas cohesive failure of the cement occurred in the majority of the specimens of the zinc phosphate cement group. The effects of thermocycling and post length (5 mm versus 8 mm) on the retention of Paraposts cemented with dentin-bonded resin cements were also investigated. Neither thermocycling nor post length had a significant effect on post separation force.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of the shear bond strength of a resin cement and two orthodontic resin adhesive systems.

The object of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and the quantity of adhesive remaining on the tooth after the debonding of brackets bonded with two light-cured orthodontic resin adhesive systems (Transbond XT and Light-Bond) and a dual-cured resin cement (RelyX Unicem). Seventy-five premolars were divided into three groups. In each group, brackets were bonded with one of the adhesives according to the manufacturer's instructions. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal test machine at a crosshead speed of one mm/min, and adhesive remnant was quantified using image analysis equipment. Our results showed that the resin cement produced significantly lower bond strength than the two orthodontic resin adhesive systems. It was also observed that the bond strength produced by Light-Bond was significantly greater than that of Transbond XT. RelyX left significantly less remnant adhesive than Transbond XT and Light-Bond. Between the two orthodontic systems, Light-Bond left significantly less adhesive on the tooth than Transbond XT.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2006

Load-fatigue performance of gold crowns luted with resin cements.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Resin cements have gained popularity over the past few years because of their improved physical properties. There is a need to test these cements under fatigue loading, as there is growing recognition that fatigue testing is more clinically relevant than traditional monotonic static tests. PURPOSE: This study investigated the load-fatigue performance of complete gold crowns cemented with 4 types of resin cement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four resin cements (C & B Opaque [CBO], Calibra Esthetic [CE], RelyX Unicem [RU], and Panavia F [PF]) and a control, zinc phosphate cement (HY-Bond [HBZPC]) were tested. Fifty human maxillary premolars were prepared to an occluso-cervical dimension of 4 mm and a convergence angle of 20 degrees. Complete gold crowns were cast (Strator 3) and cemented with 1 of the 5 cements (n=10). A fatigue load of 73.5 N was applied at an angle of 135 degrees to the long axis of each tooth-crown specimen. Preliminary failure was defined as the propagation of a crack in or around the crown luting cement layer. The number of cycles to preliminary failure and the cement failure location were determined. Significant differences in cycles to preliminary failure were assessed by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, with follow-up Mann-Whitney tests (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Group CE had the highest rank of cycles to preliminary failure, while HBZPC had the lowest cycles to preliminary failure. Group CE had a significantly higher failure cycle count compared to PF (P=.016), RU (P=.001), and HBZPC (P<.001), but was not significantly different from CBO (P=.112). There was no significant difference in the failure cycle count between RU and HBZPC (P=.070). CONCLUSION: Not all tested resin cements had a superior fatigue life when compared with zinc phosphate cement. Of the 4 resin cement groups, Groups CE, CBO, and PF were significantly superior to HBZPC.

Crowns↗
PubMed2002

Micro-tensile bond testing of resin cements to dentin and an indirect resin composite.

OBJECTIVES: Micro-tensile bond strength (microTBS) evaluation and fractographic analysis were used to compare four resin cement systems (AC: All-Bond 2/Choice; RX: Single Bond/RelyX ARC; SB: Super-Bond C & B; and PF: Panavia F) in indirect composite/dentin adhesive joints. METHODS: Flat dentin surfaces were created on extracted human third molars. The resin cements were used according to the manufacturers' instructions for bonding silanized composite overlays to deep coronal dentin. 0.9x0.9 composite-dentin beams prepared from the luted specimens were stressed to failure in tension. Dentin sides of all fractured specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the failure modes. In group PF, morphologic features that could not be resolved at the SEM level were further validated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of the SEM specimens. RESULTS: Statistical analyses revealed significant difference (p<0.05) among microTBS and failure modes in the resin cement groups. The two groups (AC and RX) with highest microTBS failed predominantly along the composite overlay/cement interface. Cohesive failure in resin cement was primarily observed in group SB that exhibited intermediate microTBS values. In group PF with the lowest microTBS, failure occurred mostly along the dentin surface. Globular resin agglomerates seen by SEM on PF-treated dentin were distinguished from silica fillers by TEM. SIGNIFICANCE: The bond between the processed composite and the luting resin cement was the weak link in indirect composite restorations cemented with AC or RX. Super-Bond C&B exhibited intermediate tensile strength and Panavia F is less reliable when used in conjunction with a self-etching primer for bonding indirect restorations to dentin.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

The role of maleic anhydride in adhesive resin cements.

The adherence of resin cements depends upon, among other factors, the polar interactions across the interface: resin cement/restorative material. The polar interactions may be augmented by inclusion of polar additives such as maleic anhydride to the cement monomer. However, maleic anhydride is slowly converted to maleic acid when exposed to an aqueous environment. This may affect mechanical properties of such a cement in a negative way. It was the aim of the present investigation to analyze the role of maleic anhydride dissolved in the monomer of resin cements. The resin cement monomers used were common methacrylates, to which maleic anhydride in amounts of up to 30 mol% was added. Polymerization initiators were included to make the materials dual curing. Finally, the preparations were mixed with silanated fillers. The adherence energy of the cements bonded to a chromium-cobalt alloy was assessed by means of the double cantilever beam test. The strength and stiffness of the resin cements were recorded at base line and after two months storage in water. The initial adherence energy increased by a factor of about two as a result of addition of maleic anhydride. However, resin cements containing maleic anhydride suffered significant reductions in long-term adherence, strength and stiffness. These reductions were particularly pronounced in non-irradiated specimens. The use of resin cements containing maleic anhydride is not a viable means of conveying adhesiveness to resin cements.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Curing efficiency of a photo- and dual-cured resin cement polymerized through 2 ceramics and a resin composite.

PURPOSE: The influence of the curing mode (dual vs light) and of the photopolymerization through ceramic or resin composite on the degree of remaining carbon bonds was investigated via infrared spectroscopic analysis for 1 resin cement (Calibra, Caulk/Dentsply). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 0.5-mm cement layer was photopolymerized for 40 s through the 2-mm-thick ceramic Empress 2 (Ivoclar) and Vitadur Alpha (Vident) and the laboratory-processed resin composite Sinfony (3M/ESPE). RESULTS: The dual-cured system polymerized better than the light mode. Photopolymerization of the resin cement through the translucent materials reduced its curing efficiency in both curing modes. The resin composite induced a more negative effect than the 2 ceramics tested. CONCLUSION: The curing mode and photopolymerization of dual-cured resin cements through esthetic restorative materials affects the degree of remaining double carbon bonds.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1996

Effect of dowel lubrication on resistance to dislodgment of dowels cemented with a 4-META resinous cement.

Dentatus stainless steel dowels were cemented 5 mm into prepared canals of extracted human teeth with C&B Metabond cement. One half the dowels were lubricated before cementation to ensure easy subsequent retrieval. Significantly less tensile force was required to dislodge the lubricated dowels (p = 0.0209). Retrievable lubricated dowels could provide dentists the option of nonsurgical endodontic retreatment in lieu of endodontic surgery. However, lubrication cannot be recommended for clinical use at this time because of the potential for the dowel to unscrew during normal oral function. Further studies are required to determine the effects of rotational forces on the lubricated dowel, surface design of the dowel on retention, and chemical interaction of the lubricant on the resinous cement. Long-term effects of the lubricant on the cement are unknown.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1992

Seating and retention of complete crowns with a new adhesive resin cement.

The retentive property of cast gold complete crowns cemented with an adhesive resin cement (Panavia Ex) was compared with retention of crowns cemented with zinc phosphate cement (Flecks) and the conventional resin cement (Comspan). The effect of these agents on seating of crowns also was evaluated. Panavia cement exhibited the highest retentive strength, with values almost twice those obtained with zinc phosphate cement. However, the difference in mean retention values of crowns cemented with Comspan cement or with zinc phosphate cement was not statistically significant. Both resin cements used in this study provided better seating of crowns than did zinc phosphate cement.

Adhesives↗