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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Body temperature and tumor virus infection. I. Tumorogenicity of Rous sarcoma virus for reptiles.

Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) was oncogenic for the following nine species of reptiles representing 6 families from Chelonia and Squamata orders: family of Testudinidae: 1. Testudo horsfieldi, family Agamidae: 2. Agama sanguinolenta; 3. Agama erythrogastra, family Lacertidae: 4. Eremias persica; 5. Eremias velox; 6. Eremias grammica, family Scincidae: 7. Eumeces taeniolatus, family Boidea: 8. Erix tataricus, 9. Ancistrodom blomhoffi. RSV did not induce tumors in 13 studied species of reptiles. Histologically 26 reptile tumors studied were polymorphous sarcomas with spindle-shaped (fibroblast-like), round and polygonal macrophage-like cells and sometimes peculiar giant polynuclear cells. Chromosomal analysis showed that reptile tumors arose out of reptile cells. RSV was pathogenic for adult reptiles. Reptile tumors did not contain a mature infectious virus. The tumors of 2 snakes were virogenic. The effect of increased temperature at the body level on the transformation of a symptomless viral infection into a viral disease is discussed in the evolutionary aspect.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Global Environmental Factors Impact the Evolution of Adult Hemoglobins in Squamata Reptiles (Lizards and Snakes) and Terrestrial Turtles.

Convergent evolution of oxygen transport mechanisms arises from respiratory proteins adapting to similar environmental pressures. We examined this relationship between adult hemoglobin subunits (Hbs: HBA1, HBAD, HBB1, and HBB2) found in land reptiles (lizards, snakes, and turtles) with their global distribution variables: Altitude, latitude, ambient temperature, and biomass production. We found that biomass was positively associated with the synonymous substitution rate (dS) of HBAD, while it showed the opposite trend for HBB2 in snakes. Additionally, latitude was negatively related to the dS of HBB2 in snakes, but nonsignificant with other Hbs. Altitude was negatively associated with ω = dN/dS of HBA1 and HBAD, whereas temperature showed a similar negative trend with the ω of HBAD across reptiles and in HBB2 of snakes. At amino acid sites, we found most were conserved except for 11 (two near the heme-binding pocket) across Hbs. These fast-changing sites shifted from polar to nonpolar residues, showing a pattern seen in high-altitude mammals. Our results highlight that in reptiles (i) Hbs are diversifying at individual amino acid sites while generally some subunits exhibiting lower ω rates at higher altitudes and hotter temperatures, with the later and higher biomass ecosystems also linked to increases in dS; (ii) HBBs are the most conserved of the Hbs; (iii) latitudinal gradients only show a significant association with the dS of HBB2 in snakes; and (iv) gene conversion events occurred across HBBs in reptiles, which confound their homology assignation, except for snakes that evidenced a single major duplication in their HBBs.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Modeling reptile virus infection in vitro using Python regius airway organoids.

Zoonoses pose substantial global health risks, highlighting the need to better understand animal-to-human transmission. Reptiles are increasingly recognized as hosts of diverse pathogens, including numerous viruses, yet the diversity and prevalence of reptile pathogens, as well as their potential risk to humans, remain poorly understood. Here, we establish and characterize airway organoids derived from Python regius, providing an in vitro model to study reptile airway infection. Through de novo assembly of a Python regius reference genome, we characterize airway organoids at single-cell resolution, which suggests the presence of diverse cell populations including ionocytes, ciliated, secretory, goblet, endocrine, tuft, and basal cells. The organoids support productive infection with Ball Python Nidovirus (BPNV) and mount a robust epithelial antiviral response through the induction of interferon-stimulated genes, cytokines, and genes involved in chemical defense. As a proof-of-concept, treating organoids with antiviral drugs during infection reduces BPNV levels, highlighting the model's utility for drug testing. By providing a reductionist system of the serpentes airway, these organoids constitute a physiologically relevant in vitro model to study reptile viruses and host-pathogen interactions in their native host.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Blood supply of the compact and spongy myocardium of fish, amphibia and reptiles].

Coronal arteries were injected with lead carbonate suspension and with Indian ink and cleared preparations 150--300 mkm thick were made in 195 hearts of fish, amphibians and reptiles and studied roentgenographically. It was stated that in Chondrichthyes (shark, skate) and in Chondrostei (beluga, stellate sturgeon, sturgeon), as well as in alligator both compact and spongy myocardium of the cardiac ventricle possess blood vessels. In teleostei, amphibians and reptiles (except alligator) spongy myocardium is avascular and receives its nutrition from the ventricle. In view of the data on the presence of blood vessels in the spongy myocardium in some vertebrates, it is impossible to accept the theory suggested by Grant and Regnier according to which vessels in the heart walls appear only in connection with compactization of the myocardium. Vascularization of the spongy myocardium is closely connected with oxygen saturation of the blood flowing through the heart. When this saturation is not satisfactory, the spongy myocardium has blood vessels. In alligator, vascularization of the spongy myocardium is connected with the fact that the heart has four chambers and there are arterial and venous blood streams.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1976

[Neuromuscular spindles of several amphibia and reptiles].

The work presents data on the structure and innervation of the nerve-muscle spindles in the soleus of the lake from Rana ridibunda, Bufo bufo, turtle Testudo horsfieldi, lizzard Lacerta agilis. The animals under study were shown to have different structure and innervation of these receptors. The thickness of the spindle connective tissue capsule has certain correlation with the width of the subcapsular space. The innervation apparatus in the muscle spindles of reptiles and turtles are similar in the following: sensory nerve terminations in the equatorial area of the spindle are represented by reticulars, bushes, loops and in the lizzard there appear annulo-spirals with a small amount of coils. The character of motor nerve terminations in polar zones of intrafusal muscle fibres in the spindles of reptiles is similar to that of the extrafusal fibres: in the shape of "bayonets" and end bundles (Endbüuschel). In the muscle fibres of the turtle and lizzard in addition to typical motor plaques there occur trail endings.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Checklist, host index, and annotated bibliography of Plasmodium from reptiles.

World literature on Plasmodium of squamate reptiles (1909-1975) includes 156 published accounts on 54 valid species and subspecies. AFRICA: 30 reports on 9 species; AUSTRALIA, ASIA & OCEANIA: 12 reports on 6 species and 2 subspecies; AMERICAS: 116 reports on 37 species. More than half of these reports and new species descriptions appeared during the last 10 years. Most concern plasmodia in lizards of the Neotropics, Georgia (Plasmodium floridense, a Neotropical-Caribbean parasite) and California (Plasmodium mexicanum). African host species are all lizards: 4 agamids, 3 skinks, 2 chamaeleonids, one chordyline, and one gerrhosaurine. Australasian host species are also all lizards: 6 agamids, 9 skinks, 2 lacertids, one (or two?) gekkonids, and one varanid. Known American host species include 12 snakes and 87 lizards: 34 anoline species, 12 sceloporines (plus 11 others experimentally infected), 4 basiliscines, 5 tropidurines, 2 iguanines, 2 skinks (one questionable), 2 anguids (a total of 4 animals), 4 sphaerodactylines, 2 gekkonines and 11 teiid species.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The sedation and anaesthesia of birds and reptiles.

Demand for veterinary care of birds and reptiles is increasing and with it a knowledge of the current methods of restraint and sedation of these classes. Some of the safer and more practical methods are reviewed and commented on in the light of recent results from the Zoological Society of London's veterinary department.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Flagellata isolated from sandflies in various zones of Turkmenia and their related cultures of the causative agents of leishmaniasis and the Leishmania of reptiles].

188 strains of Flagella from 6 species of sand flies and 42 strains from reptiles were isolated in various landscape-geographic zones of Turkmenia. 70 and 35 strains of Flagellata isolate from sand flies were studied by means of bio-assay on white mice and by the Adler's serological method (modification of Safjanova), respectively. 64 strains of Flagellata of different origin were studied by means of "temperature" method. It has been established that the transmission of the agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis takes place nearly throughout the whole territory of Turkmenia. To identify an unknown strain of Leishmania by means of the Adler's method an antiserum for any studied "standard" strain of different species of Leishmania is enough to be used.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Electron microscopic study of the penetration and distribution of somitic cells in the mesoblast of the limb buds of reptiles (Anguis fragilis and Lacerta viridis)].

Based on characteristics of mitochondria and on the amount of lipid inclusions, a distinction between somitic cells and mesoblastic somatopleural cells is possible, at the early stages of the development of the limb bud in Reptiles (Anguis fragilis and Lacerta viridis). The dislocation of the ventral processes of the somites and the localisation of the somitic cells in the mesoblast of the anterior limb buds could be studied.

Allantois↗
PubMed1975

[Demonstration, by means of electron microscopy, of the penetration of somitic cells into the mesoblast of the limb buds of reptile embryos (Anguis fragilis, Lacerta viridis)].

An electron microscopic study of the components of anterior limb buds of the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) and of the green lizard (Lacerta viridis) (embryos of Anguis whose allantoic bud reach 0,7 to 4 mm of length; embryos of Lacerta 2 to 7 days old) provides data on the cytological characteristics of the components of the limb bud at these early stages. 1. The cells of the distal extremity of the somitic processes extending in the limb bud of Anguis and Lacerta, are elongated cells with ovoid nuclei containing large nucleolus; they possess mitochondria always thin and with dense matrix; they are rich in lipid droplets; they possess cilia; they are devoid of myofilaments; endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and polyribosomes are abundant. Golgi networks display signs of activity. These characteristics are also observed in the cells of the "dermatome" layer of the dermo-myotome; and so, it appears probable that the cells of the "dermatome". Furthermore, in Anguis embryos, the cells of the distal extremities of the somitic processes possess numerous lysosomes and a certain number of cells among them, degenerate early. 2. The somatopleural mesoblastic cells of the limb bud of Anguis and Lacerta embryos keep the characters of the cells of the mesodermic layer of lateral plate from which they originate; they have rounded nuclei, cilia, and their mitochondria are always larger and more transparent to electrons, than the ones of cells of the somitic processes and of cells of the epiblastic apical crest. Golgi networks are well developped, endoplasmic reticulum is abundant, lipid droplets are rare. 3. The processes of somites which extend in the dorsal part of the limb bud of Anguis embryos are cords of cells with thin lumina; at the stage of the allantoic bud of 0,6 to 0,8 mm long, the distal extremity of these processes dislocate in group of cells which afterwards dissociate, releasing individual somitic cells which are integrated among the mesoblastic somatopleural cells. In young lizard embryos (2 to 4 days old) the distal extremity of the somitic processes enlarges into a vesicle from which cells are released and penetrate in the mesoblast of the limb bud. 4. The somitic cells released from the somitic processes of Anguis and Lacerta keep--at least at early stages--the cytological characteristics they displayed when they were still in situ in the somitic processes: grounded on the presence or absence of lipid droplets, on the width and density of the mitochondria, the distinction, at these stages, between the somitic and mesoblastic somatoplerual cells is possible; and it is also possible to observe the integration of the somitic cells into the mesoblast. This study brings the demonstration of the cellular contribution of the somites to the formation of the limb bud in Reptiles. 5...

Allantois↗
PubMed1977

Osteocytic osteolysis in a cretaceous reptile.

Bone resorption through osteocytic activity already recognized in all classes of Vertebrates, has been demonstrated in fragments of long bones from a non-identified reptile found in an Upper Cretaceous rock formation in Dinosaur National Park, Patricia, Alberta.

Animals↗