Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Remittances”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Factors determining migrant remittances: the case of Greece.

"In this study we review the literature regarding the theory and the empirical evidence regarding migrants' remittance behavior, and we examine the flow and determinants of remittances from Greek migrants for the period 1961 to 1991. The main body of data is for remittances to Greece from Germany, but for some years data are available for remittances from Belgium and Sweden as well. The objective of this study is to test the significance of certain factors in terms of their effects on remittances to Greece. These factors are the migrant's income, the migrant's family income, the rate of unemployment, the rate of interest, the exchange rate, and the rate of inflation. The study attempts to see if these factors have had any effect on the volume of remittances. It also attempts to see if there are any structural changes during this period that affect migrants' propensity to remit."

Belgium↗
PubMed2000

Remittances and their economic impact in post-war Somaliland.

This paper examines the role of remittances, provided by a large global diaspora of migrant workers and refugees, in post-war Somaliland. Based on field-work conducted in Somaliland under the COPE project in 1998/9, the paper discusses trends in the size, source, means of transfer, distribution and use of remittances, their role in livelihoods and in the country's economic recovery and future prospects. The total value of remittances, originating mainly from migrant labour in the Gulf and more recently an exodus of refugees to the West, and greatly facilitated by the growth of telecommunications in Somaliland and of remittance agencies, is estimated at some US$500 million annually--around four times the value of livestock exports and much more significant than hitherto appreciated. Contrary to the prevailing view that remittances are mainly used for consumption and unproductive investments such as housing and land, this study suggests that in Somaliland they have contributed to the rapid growth of a vibrant private sector. On the other hand, remittance flows have been associated with a number of negative side-effects such as the loss of the country's most educated and skilled labour, increased income inequality and booming sector effects, and their positive impact is limited by the present lack of credit schemes and facilities for saving.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed1990

Investigation of skin by ultraviolet remittance spectroscopy.

Remittance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region was used to investigate human skin in vivo. Untreated healthy skin showed a minimum remittance at 280 nm wavelength, corresponding to the keratin absorption band. At shorter wavelengths the remittance mostly originated from light scattering in the stratum corneum and at longer wavelengths subcorneal structures had increasing influence. The spectral remittance reflected variations in pigmentation most sensitively in the UVA region. Hydration of the skin yielded a hypsochromic shift of the keratin absorption band due to changes in polarity and proton concentration in the environment of the chromophores. Remittance spectroscopy allows detection of topically applied drugs, whose penetration into the skin can be evaluated from the time-dependence of the remittance.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Do migrants' remittances decline over time? Evidence from Tongans and Western Samoans in Australia.

"There is concern that Pacific Island economies dependent on remittances of migrants will endure foreign exchange shortages and falling living standards as remittance levels fall because of lower migration rates and the belief that migrants' willingness to remit declines over time. The empirical validity of the remittance-decay hypothesis has never been tested. From survey data on Tongan and Western Samoan migrants in Sydney [Australia], this paper estimates remittance functions using multivariate regression analysis. It is found that the remittance-decay hypothesis has no empirical validity, and migrants are motivated by factors other than altruistic family support, including asset accumulation and investment back home."

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Remittances and migration--the commerce of movement.

"This paper comments upon the role of remittances in a variety of emigrant situations, traces the way remittance patterns change over time and evaluates the importance of remittance payments for personal and national economies. It considers the concept of 'remittance-societies" in the South Pacific and elsewhere, and briefly examines the various mechanisms involved in the emigration-remittance cycle, including the expectation of interactions and interdependence that exists between migrants and their home-based kin, and the sacrifices and hardships often endured by many migrants to meet obligations back home."

Demography↗
PubMed1994

Workers remittances and the real exchange rate: a quantitative framework.

"Workers' remittances represent a sizeable component of international trade flows in goods and services. The paper tries to assess to what extent workers remittances are responsive to key macroeconomic variables.... Econometric estimation of a remittance equation for a sample of five Mediterranean countries indicates that the real exchange rate is indeed a significant determinant of remittances."

Commerce↗
PubMed1989

Remittances from labor migration: evaluations, performance and implications.

2 evaluative views of worker remittances draw opposite conclusions. The negative one posits that remittances increase dependency, contribute to economic and political stability and development distortion, and lead to economic decline that overshadows a temporary advantage for a fortunate few. The positive view sees remittances as an effective response to market forces, providing a transition to an otherwise unsustainable development. They improve income distribution and quality of life beyond what other available development resources could deliver. The implications are tested for labor supply countries to Europe and the Middle East. The implications of the negative are not supported. Although the dire predictions of the pessimistic view have not materialized, the converse - contributions of remittances to economic performance - should not be overstated due to a lack of data.

Africa↗
PubMed1987

Workers' remittances from the Middle East and their effect on Pakistan's economy.

"This paper makes an attempt to analyse the impact of remittances on the Pakistani economy, in particular, on broad economic indicators [such] as GNP growth, saving, and balance of payments (BOP), from 1969-70 to 1985-86. Section II estimates the contribution of the remittances, from the Middle East, to the growth in the Gross National Product (GNP), over different sub-periods. In Section III, an analysis of the relationship between national/domestic savings and remittances is given. Section IV discusses the impact of remittances on the balance of payments position of Pakistan. Finally, the main findings are summarized in Section V." Comments by Meekal A. Ahmad are included (pp. 762-3).

Asia↗
PubMed1999

Pretreatment REM sleep and subjective sleep quality distinguish depressed psychotherapy remitters and nonremitters.

BACKGROUND: We compared pretreatment subjective and electroencephalographic sleep measures among depressed patients who remitted with psychotherapy alone and those who did not remit. METHODS: Patients were 111 midlife women with recurrent major depressive disorder. Baseline psychiatric ratings and sleep studies were conducted prior to treatment with weekly interpersonal psychotherapy. Remission was defined as a score of < or = 7 for 3 consecutive weeks on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Clinical and sleep measures were compared between remitters (n = 62) and nonremitters (n = 49) using t tests and random regression. Linear discriminant function analyses were used to categorize remitters and nonremitters on the basis of sleep measures. RESULTS: Treatment nonremitters had significantly worse subjective sleep quality and significantly elevated phasic REM sleep as measured by multivariate and univariate analyses. The linear accumulation of REM activity during sleep occurred at a significantly higher rate in nonremitters than in remitters. Linear discriminant function analyses based on subjective sleep quality and REM activity correctly identified 68.3% of nonremitters and 68.5% of remitters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the role of subjective and REM sleep measures as correlates of short-term psychotherapy treatment response in major depressive disorder. Disturbed sleep may be a physiological indicator of increased limbic and brain stem arousal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Savings, remittances, and return migration.

"We use a data set of immigrants to West Germany to simultaneously study both savings and remittances which we relate to individual characteristics, economic variables, migration experiences and remigration plans. Section 2 discusses the basic hypotheses and explains the data. Section 3 presents the empirical study and Section 4 summarizes." The results suggest that "savings and remittances of migrants can be well explained by remigration plans and economic as well as demographic variables. However, the planned future duration of residence in Germany has a negative and significant effect only on remittances."

Demography↗
PubMed1998

Migration, remittances, and inequality: estimating the net effects of migration on income distribution.

"This paper examines the net effects of migration and remittances on income distribution. Potential home earnings of migrants are imputed, as are the earnings of non-migrants in migrant households, in order to construct no-migration counterfactuals to compare with the observed income distribution including remittances. The earnings functions used to impute migrant home earnings are estimated from observations on non-migrants in a selection-corrected estimation framework which incorporates migration choice and labor-force participation decisions. For a sample of households in Bluefields, Nicaragua, migration and remittances increase income inequality when compared with the no-migration counterfactual."

Americas↗
PubMed1987

Remittances and income distribution.

"The paper studies the effects of [foreign] remittances on the pattern of income distribution in Yugoslavia. It is found that remittances raise the Gini coefficient, although unequally as between different social groups. One reason may be that in social groups where the diffusion of information is relatively even (as among urban households) migration is more uniform across income groups than it is in social groups where the access to information depends primarily on the level of income (e.g. rural households). In the latter groups distribution of migrants is more skewed towards higher income groups and remittances increase the level of inequality more substantially." Data are from household surveys conducted in Yugoslavia in 1973, 1978, and 1983.

Communication↗
PubMed1990

The impact of migrants' remittances on the Egyptian economy.

"The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the large remittances made by Egyptian migrants to their home country on the Egyptian economy. In order to study this impact, we use the implications of the standard Keynesian model. We estimated the structural equations of the model using annual data for the Egyptian economy over the period from 1970 to 1984.... The results suggest that remittances have had a strong positive impact on GNP in Egypt." The authors note that remittances especially affect private consumption spending. Policy implications concerning labor migration are discussed. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1993

Improving the contribution of migrant remittances to development: the experience of Asian labour-exporting countries.

"The purpose of this paper is to review policy initiatives [concerning migrant remittances] in six major labour-exporting countries in Asia--Bangladesh, India, Korea, the Philippines, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Where relevant, the experience of these countries will be compared and contrasted with those of labour-exporting countries in other parts of the world....[The author concludes that] the imposition of mandatory remittance requirements on migrant workers is unlikely to enhance remittance inflows unless the government of the labour-exporting country effectively controls the migration process." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Asia↗
PubMed1995

International migration and remittances to a Lebanese village.

"A number of hypotheses concerning remittances from foreign emigrants are developed and tested using questionnaire survey data from Lala, a Lebanese village. According to the theory, a rural family engages in an implicit insurance-type contract with the potential migrant because both are averse to risk.... Results from testing the hypotheses are somewhat consistent with the proposition that, after a period of adjustment, migrants do begin to remit, thereby providing their families with an insurance against the uncertainties of life in the country of origin. However, the level of remittances does not appear to depend on the potential to inherit from a family's wealth. Moreover, families do not seem to invest in their migrants so as to improve their farm lands and to undertake risky agricultural techniques. The long-term remittance commitment of migrants to their residual families suggests that migrants' altruism may be a more significant motivating factor than self-interest." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Intrafamily relations, migration and remittances.

"This paper attempts to develop a formal model of interdependent decision making within the context of the family with regard to migration and remittances. The migration process is viewed as a deliberate strategy designed by the family for maximizing its total welfare. The interrelationships between the migrant and the rest of the family are modelled as a self-enforcing co-operative game and the remittances are an a priori requirement for the distribution of gains in an implicit co-insurance system. The migration decision and the remittances are determined by the bargaining strength of the migrant and the rest of the family, who act to promote their own self-interest." The focus is on developing countries.

Demography↗
PubMed1992

The effects of migration and remittances on inequality in rural Pakistan.

The author presents "a framework for analysing the impact of internal and international remittances on rural income distribution. This framework uses predicted income equations to predict (estimate) the incomes of households in two situations: excluding and including remittances. The results are then used to evaluate the changes in income distribution that occur when internal and international remittances are excluded, compared to when they are included.... Data come from a three-year study (1986-87 to 1988-89) of 727 households in three provinces in rural Pakistan." A comment by Zafar Mahmood is included (pp. 1,204-6).

Asia↗
PubMed1992

Economic and political restructuring and the sustainability of migrant remittances: the case of Western Samoa.

This study examines the importance of remittances from emigrants to the economies of Pacific island states. The author considers two basic questions: "Are there enough island-born or island-linked people in the labor forces of industrialized countries to generate a given level of remittances to the island states?...[and] Will those who are able to sustain the flow be willing to? In this paper I examine the case of remittance flows between New Zealand and Western Samoa."

Demography↗