Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Relationship”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Relationship quality of partners in heterosexual married, heterosexual cohabiting, and gay and lesbian relationships.

The relationship quality of partners in 44 married, 35 heterosexual cohabiting, 50 gay, and 56 lesbian monogamous couples was studied. Each couple lived together and did not have children living with them. Relationship quality was dimensionalized as love for partner, liking of partner, and relationship satisfaction. Cohabiting partners had the lowest Love for Partner and Relationship Satisfaction scores. Differences were also found among partner types on: barriers to leaving the relationship, alternatives to the relationship, a belief that mindreading is expected in the relationship, masculinity, femininity, androgyny, dyadic attachment, shared decision making, and perceived social support from family. The four partner groups did not differ in psychological adjustment. For each type of partner, love for partner was related to many barriers to leaving the relationship and high dyadic attachment; liking of partner was related to few alternatives to the relationship, high dyadic attachment, and high shared decision making; and relationship satisfaction was related to many attractions, few alternatives, few beliefs regarding disagreement is destructive to the relationship, high dyadic attachment, and high shared decision making. Stepwise multiple regression procedures were used to identify the best set of predictors for each partner type. Results are discussed in the context of existing models of relationship quality.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship quality of gay men in closed or open relationships.

This study compared gay men in monogamous ("closed") relationships (n = 98) and gay men in nonmonogamous ("open") relationships (n = 34). Partners in open relationships were living together significantly longer than partners in closed relationships. Partners in the two types of relationships did not differ in Psychological Adjustment. Controlling for length of time living together, partners in closed relationships reported higher Affiliation/Dependency, more Favorable Attitudes toward the Relationship, and lower Tension than partners in open relationships. Global relationship quality for both types of couples was related to many Attractions, many Barriers, and few Alternatives to the relationship; few beliefs regarding both Disagreement is Destructive and Partners Cannot Change; high Dyadic Attachment; high Shared Decision Making; and low Psychological Maladjustment. Partners in both types of relationships were more similar to each other than different from each other, especially on the variables of Relationship Quality, a belief in Partner Changeability, and Dyadic Attachment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of sex role self-concept with relationship quality and relationship beliefs in married, heterosexual cohabiting, gay, and lesbian couples.

The relation between sex role self-concept (masculine, feminine, undifferentiated, and androgynous) and both relationship quality and dysfunctional relationship beliefs was examined in 370 monogamous partners who represented four types of couples (married, heterosexual cohabiting, gay, and lesbian). Analyses used both the individual partner and the couple as the unit of analysis. The individual partner analyses revealed that relationship quality and relationship beliefs differed by subjects' sex role self-concept. Androgynous and feminine subjects reported higher relationship quality than masculine and undifferentiated subjects; androgynous subjects had fewer "disagreement is destructive" beliefs than feminine subjects; and androgynous subjects had fewer "partner cannot change" beliefs than undifferentiated subjects. The couple analyses revealed a relation between partners' sex role self-concept only for the heterosexual cohabiting couples. For these couples, masculine men tended to pair with feminine or undifferentiated women, and androgynous partners tended to pair together. Relative to other couples, couples in which one or both partners were androgynous or feminine reported the highest relationship quality, whereas couples in which one or both partners were undifferentiated or masculine reported the lowest relationship quality. These effects did not vary by type of couple. The study concluded that sex role self-concept is a robust factor in appraisals of relationship quality. Relative to masculine and undifferentiated individuals, androgynous and feminine individuals report greater positive relationship functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effects of early family relationships on contemporary relationships and assistance patterns between adult children and their parents.

We investigated the influence of early parent-child relationships on contemporary adult child-parent relationships and the effects of these relationships on the level of assistance between adult child and parent. A sample of 902 married men and women were questioned regarding their current relationships with their elderly parents, the level of assistance provided them, and the quality of their relationship with their parents when they were growing up. The findings indicated that early parent-child relationships and the characteristics of parents when adult children were growing up influenced contemporary adult child-parent relationships. In turn, the quality of the contemporary adult child-parent relationship was found to have a slight effect on assistance from adult children to their parents.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Relationship orientation, quality of prior relationship, and distress among caregivers of Alzheimer's patients.

Communal orientation and closeness of the caregiver-patient relationship were investigated as predictors of distress among caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. Persons high in communal orientation were less depressed than those low in communal orientation. Caregivers reporting a close relationship with the patient before illness onset felt less burdened than those whose relationship had not been close. Communal orientation interacted with closeness when data were analyzed separately for men and women. Among men, being low in communal orientation and having a relatively poor prior relationship were associated with the highest levels of depression, levels that put them at risk for clinical depression. Among women low in communal orientation, higher levels of depression were related to having a close prior relationship with the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lesbians in currently aggressive relationships: how frequently do they report aggressive past relationships?

Findings are reported from a survey examining the frequency with which women in currently aggressive same-sex relationships also report aggressive past relationships involving female partners, male partners, or members of their family of origin. Particular attention is paid to victims who also used aggression and their perceptions of whether their aggressive behavior was self-defensive or mutually aggressive. Results indicate that about one-fourth of participants had been victims of aggression in current relationships, roughly two-thirds had been victimized by a previous male partner, and almost three-fourths had experienced aggression by a previous female partner. Among those reporting having been both victims and users of aggression, about one-fifth had used aggression in their current relationship, almost one-third used aggression with a previous male partner, and nearly two-thirds had used aggression with a previous female partner. A majority of victims who had also used aggression with a previous male partner characterized this use as self-defense, as compared to only 30% of those who had used aggression with a female partner. Instead, aggression in relationships involving a female partner was most frequently described as mutually aggressive in nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinicians can agree in assessing relationship patterns in psychotherapy. The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme method.

This study examines interjudge agreement on formulations of dynamic themes in psychotherapy, using a session-based method, namely, the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme. Agreement was assessed by two methods: one was based on themes that were tailor-made for each case, while the other was based on coding themes into a standard set of categories. To assess agreement on the tailor-made formulations, a paired-comparisons procedure was used. For a sample of 35 patients, the similarity ratings for matched cases were significantly higher than for purposely mismatched cases. Using the standard set of categories, agreement was also good; weighted kappa values ranged from .61 to .70. The results also demonstrate reliability for the location of the relationship episodes, which form the database for the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme. Our positive results suggest that this guided clinical method can be used reliably as a measure of relationship patterns in psychotherapy; our results provide the first moderate-sized sample demonstration of clinicians' agreement in formulating this complex concept.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

A relationship pattern measure: the core conflictual relationship theme.

Relationship pattern measures are recently developed systems for measuring the main relationship patterns expressed in psychotherapy sessions or in other interviews. They are precise measures of the kind of pattern that dynamic psychotherapists have estimated clinically ever since the start of such therapies. Leading off the comparisons of such measures that are presented in this issue, this paper will (a) describe a relationship pattern measure, (b) illustrate it, and then (c) compare it with one or more other relationship pattern measures. Beyond these purposes our aim is to indicate the values of these new methods for personality and psychotherapy research.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Relationships among mechanisms in psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: mechanism to mechanism lagged effects and relationships with outcomes.

Results suggest that psychosocial treatments for chronic pain work via several mechanisms, and that they often do so to similar degrees and in similar ways. Extant research, however, has focused on individual and/or independent effects of mechanisms on outcomes. Whether successful outcomes are also partly because of sequential and meaningful relationships among and between mechanisms-mechanism-to-mechanism effects-has not been examined. Secondary analyses were conducted of an RCT that compared cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and behavior therapy to treatment as usual in a sample (N = 521) of people with chronic low back pain. Results of hierarchical linear modeling revealed that (1) Treatment Condition × Mechanism interactions predicting changes in other mechanisms were nonsignificant; (2) lagged prior session mechanism changes predicted next session changes in another mechanism; (3) lagged relationships between pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy were reciprocal, whereas links between lagged pain catastrophizing and mindfulness changes and lagged pain catastrophizing changes and behavioral activation changes were unidirectional; and (4) individual differences in the strengths of mechanism-to-mechanism relationships predicted pre- to post-treatment changes in outcomes. Results reveal heretofore hidden therapeutic processes that cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and behavior therapy may share. Namely, that mechanism-to-mechanism lagged effects do indeed emerge beyond mechanism-to-outcome effects. Findings show not only that mechanisms may change in definable sequences relative to each other but that individual differences in the strengths of mechanism-to-mechanism relationships may themselves be predictive of outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

The relationship between kallikrein and water excretion and the conditional relationship between kallikrein and sodium excretion.

1. The renal kallikrein-kinin system has previously been linked with renal control of sodium and water excretion. The present investigations were carried out to examine more closely these relationships. 2. In physiological studies with rabbits, urinary kallikrein was measured by a modification of the [3-H]TAME method. 3. With rabbits on free sodium and water intake, urinary kallikrein was positively correlated with both sodium and water excretion. Kallikrein excretion was also negatively correlated with urinary osmolality. 4. In rabbits on chronic high and low sodium diets, urinary kallikrein was positively correlated with urinary volume but not with sodium excretion. 5. In rabbits held to a constant fluid intake but with sodium intake changed, urinary kallikrein was not correlated with sodium excretion. 6. These results indicate that the positive correlation of kallikrein excretion with sodium excretion under conditions of free sodium and water intake may be only secondary to the positive relationship of kallikrein excretion with urinary volume. 7. The results of the present investigations do not support the hypothesis that the renal kallikrein-kinin system is necessarily involved in renal control of sodium excretion under normal conditions but it is where a change in sodium intake leads to a change in fluid intake and consequently of urinary volume. 8. In the above experiments, urinary kallikrein was always positively correlated with urinary volume and negatively correlated with urinary osmolality. This may indicate a functional relationship between renal kallikrein and water excretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between the 4 mmol running velocity, the time-distance relationship and the Léger-Boucher's test.

The relationship between distance and best time is roughly linear for distances between 1500 and 5000 m. The slope of this relationship has the dimension of a velocity (Vlim) which can be sustained during a long time. The individual time-distance relationships and the resulting Vlim have been studied in 32 subjects practicing different athletic activities by measuring exhaustion time for 2 to 4 constant-velocity running exercises performed to exhaustion. The velocity corresponding to 4 mmol.l-1 of blood lactate (V4 mmol) has been compared with Vlim. As maximal oxygen uptake is a major factor determining V4 mmol, Vlim and V4 mmol have also been correlated with the result of a field test which is assumed to measure maximal aerobic power (Léger-Boucher's test). This test consists in running until exhaustion at a velocity which increases every two minutes. The higher the velocity at exhaustion (Vléger) is, the higher the maximal oxygen uptake is assumed. Both Vlim and Vléger were very well correlated with V4 mmol (r greater than 0.90) and the average value of Vlim was almost equal to the average value of V4 mmol (13.89 vs 13.71 km.h-1). However, it was not possible to estimate V4 mmol accurately from the values of Vlim or Vléger because the standard errors of estimates were too large.

Exercise↗
PubMed1989

Morphemic relationships in the lexicon: are they distinct from semantic and formal relationships?

The influence of morphemic relationships on the repetition priming effect, which is presumed to provide an index of lexical organization, was examined in several experiments. An attempt was made in all experiments to minimize nonlexical contributions to these lexical effects by placing related items in a context of unrelated items. Priming among regularly and irregularly suffixed morphemic relatives, associates, and synonyms was examined. Morphemic relatives and associates yielded significant priming, although priming was largest for regularly suffixed morphemic relatives. Priming was not obtained for synonyms. In previous research (Napps & Fowler, 1987), priming was not found among orthographically and phonologically related words. The results are interpreted to mean that morphemic priming is not the result of the convergence of semantic, orthographic, and phonological relationships, but rather that morphemic relationships are represented explicitly in the lexicon.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Structure-activity relationships in engineered proteins: analysis of use of binding energy by linear free energy relationships.

The activity of mutant enzymes can be analyzed quantitatively by structure-activity relationships in a manner analogous to Brønsted or Hammett plots for simple organic reactions. The slopes of such plots, the beta values, indicate for the enzymatic reactions the fraction of the overall binding energy used in stabilizing particular complexes. In particular, information can be derived about the interactions between the enzyme and the transition state. The activities of many mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases fit well simple linear free energy relationships. The formation of enzyme-bound tyrosyl adenylate (E.Tyr-AMP) from enzyme-bound tyrosine and ATP (E.Tyr-ATP) results in an increase in binding energy between the enzyme and the side chain of tyrosine and the ribose ring of ATP. Linear free energy plots of enzymes mutated in these positions give the fraction of the binding energy change that occurs on formation of the transition state for the chemical reaction and the various complexes. It is shown that groups that specifically stabilize the transition state of the reaction are characterized by beta values much greater than 1. This is found for residues that bind the gamma-phosphate of ATP (Thr-40 and His-45) and have previously been postulated to be involved in transition-state stabilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1989

Relationship schema formulation: role-relationship models and intrapsychic conflict.

Recurrent maladaptive interpersonal relationship patterns are a central characteristic of the personality disorders and the main focus in dynamic, cognitive, and family psychotherapies. In dynamic formulations the emphasis is on examining conflict in terms of opposing wishes, fears, and defenses. Such formulations can take place at various levels of information, involving ideas, emotions, self and objects. This paper presents a system for formulating intrapsychic conflicts at the level of person schemas (Horowitz 1988a). It uses units called Role-Relationship Models (RRM).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relationship classification using grade of membership analysis: a typology of sibling relationships in later life.

The results of a comparison of two typologies of sibling relationships in old age are reported. Both analyses rely on the same data collected in individual interviews with adults over the age of 65. The first typology was constructed using constant comparative analysis; the second relied on the grade of membership (GOM) technique. This is the first time GOM has been used to create a taxonomy of human relationships based on psychosocial variables. The two typologies are compared in terms of number of types generated, the characteristics of each type, factors influencing typological construction, and the utility of empirical results. Implications for additional use of the GOM technique to study late-life sibling relations are discussed.

Aged↗