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Results for “Reinforcement, Verbal”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of verbal reinforcement on evoked cortical activity].

Adult healthy subjects did not manifest any difference in latency and amplitude of the wave P300 elicited by a positive ("good") and negative ("error") reinforcing stimuli. After the negative reinforcement, the P300 wave amplitude decreases in response to the standard stimulus (light bars) and increases to a lesser degree in response to test stimuli (the same bars but presented with different pauses). In the processes of learning to assess time microintervals in comparison with the standard, the latency of wave P300 to the test stimuli shortens. It is suggested that formation and consolidation of feedback connection elaborated with the participation of a reinforcing verbal stimulus constitute the physiological basis for learning of comparative assessment of time microintervals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The lateralization of human visual-spatial perception during verbal reinforcement].

Influence of positive (word "good") and negative (word "mistake") verbal reinforcement on the ability of mental construction of six geometric figures from two fragments administered tachistoscopically under backward masking conditions was studied in healthy persons and patients with chronic alcoholism. In healthy persons negative verbal reinforcement induced a reduction in the latency of N200 and growth of the amplitude of N200-P300 components of evoked potentials mainly in the right parietal area and vertex. There were no such changes in patients. Worse performance of the visuo-spatial task by the patients may be explained by the general suppression of the brain evoked potentials and disappearance of interhemispheric asymmetry which is characteristic for healthy persons and play an important role in visuo-spatial perception.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lateralization of visual-spatial perception in man in conditions of verbal reinforcement.

Studies were carried out on the effects of positive and negative verbal reinforcement on the mental ability of normal subjects and patients with chronic alcoholism to construct standard geometrical shapes from two fragments presented tachystoscopically. Negative verbal reinforcement in healthy subjects produced reductions in the latent period and increases in the amplitude of evoked N200-P300 potentials, particularly in the right parietal lobe and the vertex. These changes were not observed in patients, and patients lesser ability to carry out visual-spatial tasks could be explained by the general reduction in evoked brain potentials and the disappearance of interhemisphere functional asymmetry, which plays an important role in visual-perceptive activity in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Verbal reinforcement combinations in schizophrenics.

Investigated the effects of verbal reinforcement paradigms on hospitalized schizophrenics and staff. Positive reinforcement that involved good was found to be relatively ineffective for all groups; furthermore, associating good with the termination of a white noise did not increase its effectiveness for schizophrenics. Verbal punishment was more effective than verbal positive reinforcement for staff, but for schizophrenics only when explicit problem-solving instructions were given. The results suggest that the reduction of deficit is not more likely via verbal punishment; if anything, deficit is increased because of increased staff performance under verbal punishment.

Behavior Therapy↗